保护生物学的现状、挑战和对策

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08279

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

现代社会中的重大环境热点问题研究推动了保护生物学的发展。学科融合使得保护生物学正在发展成为保护科学(Conservation Science)。保护生物学需要广泛参与, 然而, 根据Google Search Volume, 中国互联网用户对保护生物学与生物多样性概念的兴趣不高。全球生物多样性的主要部分在发展中国家, 研究发现主要保护生物学项目或最活跃的研究工作在发展中国家进行。然而科技投入不足限制了发展中国家保护生物学论文的产出。到目前为止, 中国作者(含在华工作的外国作者)在ISI Web of Knowledge数据库中保护生物学主流刊物上发表的论文数量少, 与中国的生物多样性占全球的比例不相称。保护生物学研究面临一系列的挑战: (1)保护生物学研究因过分强调价值与实用而受到了批评; (2)保护生物学缺少机理探讨、缺少实验、缺少对比研究, 还没有形成完整的理论体系; (3)保护生物学是一门涉及空间尺度的学科, 不同局部、不同空间尺度的保护生物学问题往往缺乏可比性; (4)许多保护生物学数据没有正式发表, 这些“灰色文献”限制了保护生物学的发展; (5)与生物多样性有关的国际法和国内法的制定和实施为保护生物学带来了新的发展机遇。我们提出如下对策: (1)明确保护生物学的价值取向; (2)建立保护生物学研究方法和理论体系; (3)重视和探讨保护生物学的空间尺度问题; (4)充分收集利用“灰色”数据和文献, 建立与发表在同行评议科学刊物上的文献库相对应的初级生物多样性网络数据库, 促进保护生物学的荟萃分析和大研究; (5)积极围绕生物多样性有关的国际法开展相关研究。保护生物学这一门大科学的完善离不开各国保护生物学的深入研究, 部分中国学术期刊用英文发稿, 是中国保护生物学工作者研究汇入世界主流的途径之一。

关键词: 互联网, 全球化, 保护科学, 灰色文献, 灰色信息

Abstract

Research on hot environmental issues in modern society stimulates the growth of Conservation Biology. A new trend is that traditional social sciences are merging with Conservation Biology, which marks the birth of the Conservation Science. Conservation Biology has a mission that needs extensive participation, however, Internet users in China showed little interests in the concepts of conservation biology and biodiversity according to the Google Search. Developing countries have major share of world biodiversity and many key conservation biology projects are also carried out in developing countries as well; however scientific expending restricted the output of papers in developing countries. Up to now, Chinese authors (including those foreign authors who work in China for international NGOs) so far only published less than 150 papers in major conservation journals indexed in ISI Web of Knowledge; such a proportion is not matched with the share of the China’s biodiversity in the world. Conservation Biology confronts a series of challenges: (1) people criticized that Conservation Biology researches overemphasized monetary value; (2) Conservation Biology is confronted with the pitfalls such as: lack of exploration in underlying mechanism, too few or no field experiment, no control experiment in field; consequently the theoretic frame of the science branch is not yet sound; (3) Conservation Biology is a science that involves spatial scale; (4) a great deal of Conservation Biology data has not been published; the “grey” literature and “grey” information hindered the further development of Conservation Biology; and (5) Biodiversity related international laws are new research domains for Conservation Biology. We recommend the following strategies to counter the challenges: (1) to study the value orientation of Conservation Biology; (2) to establish the research methodology and theoretic frame for Conservation Biology; (3) to explore the spatial problems in Conservation Biology; (4) to collect, to store, to analyze and to share information, especially those “grey” information existing in informal publication, in languages other than English, and the information not yet accessible to public, and to establish raw biodiversity database which is independent of the database of peer-reviewed journals; thus to facilitate meta-analyses and meta research in Conservation Biology; and (5) to conduct actively researches for biodiversity related international and domestic laws. Formation of Conservation Biology as a meta-science needs the dedication from researches from all countries. To push some Chinese scientific journals to use English as a media is a main way for the Conservation Biology research in China to merge into the main stream of world.

Key words: Internet, globalization, Conservation Science, grey literature, grey information

蒋志刚, 马克平 (2009) 保护生物学的现状、挑战和对策. 生物多样性, 17, 107-116. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08279.

Zhigang Jiang, Keping Ma (2009) Status quo, challenges and strategy in Conservation Biology. Biodiversity Science, 17, 107-116. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08279.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08279

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2009/V17/I2/107

图/表 3

图1 近5年来，以“生物多样性”一词的Google相对搜索频次表示的公众关注度的变化。上图为Google相对搜索频次, 下图为网络新闻稿引用频次。上图中蓝色线为英文“Biodiversity” 一词的Google相对搜索频次, 红色线条为中文“生物多样性”一词的Google相对搜索频次。而“保护生物学”无可用数据。

Fig. 1 Public interest in the Chinese term “生物多样性 (biodiversity)” which was represented by Google search volume. The figure above is the Google search volume; the figure at bottom is citation frequency of web news. The blue line is the Google search volume for “Biodiversity”, the red line is the Google Search Volume for “生物多样性(biodiversity)”. Please note the low search volumes during Christmas season for “biodiversity” in the world while during the Spring Festival season for Chinese term “生物多样性(biodiversity)” in China. However, there was no data for Chinese term“保护生物学 (Conservation Biology)”

图2 1991–2008年, Web of Knowledge数据库中中国科研院所和高等院校等(China, People’s Republic of China)在Biodiversity and Conservation (B&C), Biological Conservation (BC), Conservation Biology (CB), Ecological Applications (EA), Environmental Conservation(EC)和Journal of Applied Ecology(JAE)上发表有关保护生物学文献数目和被引用次数。

Fig. 2 Numbers of papers published in (above) and citations of the papers (bottom) in Biodiversity and Conservation (B&C), Biological Conservation (BC), Conservation Biology (CB), Ecological Applications (EA), Environmental Conservation(EC)和Journal of Applied Ecology (JAE), by researchers from institutions in China including foreign authors working in the international NGOs in China from 1991 to 2008.

图3 保护生物学的学科结构

Fig. 3 Structure of Conservation Biology

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