生物多样性 ›› 2008, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (5): 470-476.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08027
收稿日期:
2008-02-02
接受日期:
2008-06-11
出版日期:
2008-09-20
发布日期:
2008-09-20
通讯作者:
冯建孟
作者简介:
*(fjm@pku.org.cn)基金资助:
Received:
2008-02-02
Accepted:
2008-06-11
Online:
2008-09-20
Published:
2008-09-20
Contact:
Feng Jianmeng
摘要:
物种多样性分布格局的研究对于生物多样性的保护具有重要意义。为了解中国种子植物物种多样性的空间分布格局, 本研究利用大尺度的物种分布数据, 结合GIS和统计分析方法, 探讨了中国种子植物物种多样性的大尺度分布格局及其与气候的关系。结果表明, 中国种子植物的物种丰富度和物种密度存在较大的空间变异。从南到北, 物种密度呈显著递减趋势, 而物种丰富度的递减趋势不够明显。面积、年平均温度、年平均降水量和无霜期对物种丰富度、物种密度分布格局均无显著影响。温度年较差、最冷月均温、年平均温度和年平均降水量的空间分异对物种丰富度的分布格局均有显著影响; 温度年较差、最冷月均温和单位面积的年平均温度、年平均降水量的空间分异均显著影响物种密度的分布格局。温度年较差在一定程度上决定了物种丰富度与物种密度的总体分布格局, 而年平均温度以及单位面积的年平均温度空间分异对上述格局的解释率则相对较低。在大尺度的物种多样性格局及其气候解释的相关研究中, 气候因子的空间变异和季节性分异相对表示气候总体水平的年平均温度和年平均降水量而言, 可能更值得关注。
冯建孟 (2008) 中国种子植物物种多样性的大尺度分布格局及其气候解释. 生物多样性, 16, 470-476. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08027.
Feng Jianmeng (2008) Spatial patterns of species diversity of seed plants in China and their climatic explanation. Biodiversity Science, 16, 470-476. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08027.
研究单元 Units | 物种数 Species richness | 物种密度 Species density (No./km2) |
---|---|---|
宁夏 Ningxia | 785 | 70.7 |
山东 Shandong | 1,175 | 98.6 |
河南 Henan | 1,656 | 137.5 |
黑龙江 Heilongjiang | 1,666 | 128.0 |
吉林 Jilin | 1,698 | 139.7 |
江苏 Jiangsu | 1,699 | 147.6 |
山西 Shanxi | 1,701 | 142.0 |
辽宁 Liaoning | 1,737 | 145.7 |
河北 Hebei | 1,959 | 161.2 |
内蒙古 Neimenggu | 1,993 | 142.6 |
安徽 Anhui | 2,001 | 168.9 |
青海 Qinghai | 2,036 | 151.0 |
浙江 Zhejiang | 2,750 | 238.9 |
海南 Hainan | 2,763 | 264.8 |
江西 Jiangxi | 2,822 | 234.3 |
福建 Fujian | 2,977 | 254.5 |
湖南 Hunan | 3,182 | 259.7 |
新疆 Xinjiang | 3,252 | 227.6 |
陕西 Shaanxi | 3,259 | 265.9 |
台湾 Taiwan | 3,410 | 325.0 |
湖北 Hubei | 3,430 | 282.2 |
甘肃 Gansu | 3,579 | 274.9 |
贵州 Guizhou | 4,821 | 398.4 |
广东 Guangdong | 4,954 | 409.4 |
西藏 Xizang | 6,106 | 435.4 |
广西 Guangxi | 6,339 | 511.7 |
四川 Sichuan | 9,684 | 740.3 |
云南 Yunnan | 13,769 | 1,069.5 |
表1 各研究单元的种子植物的物种丰富度和物种密度
Table 1 Species richness and species density in each study unit
研究单元 Units | 物种数 Species richness | 物种密度 Species density (No./km2) |
---|---|---|
宁夏 Ningxia | 785 | 70.7 |
山东 Shandong | 1,175 | 98.6 |
河南 Henan | 1,656 | 137.5 |
黑龙江 Heilongjiang | 1,666 | 128.0 |
吉林 Jilin | 1,698 | 139.7 |
江苏 Jiangsu | 1,699 | 147.6 |
山西 Shanxi | 1,701 | 142.0 |
辽宁 Liaoning | 1,737 | 145.7 |
河北 Hebei | 1,959 | 161.2 |
内蒙古 Neimenggu | 1,993 | 142.6 |
安徽 Anhui | 2,001 | 168.9 |
青海 Qinghai | 2,036 | 151.0 |
浙江 Zhejiang | 2,750 | 238.9 |
海南 Hainan | 2,763 | 264.8 |
江西 Jiangxi | 2,822 | 234.3 |
福建 Fujian | 2,977 | 254.5 |
湖南 Hunan | 3,182 | 259.7 |
新疆 Xinjiang | 3,252 | 227.6 |
陕西 Shaanxi | 3,259 | 265.9 |
台湾 Taiwan | 3,410 | 325.0 |
湖北 Hubei | 3,430 | 282.2 |
甘肃 Gansu | 3,579 | 274.9 |
贵州 Guizhou | 4,821 | 398.4 |
广东 Guangdong | 4,954 | 409.4 |
西藏 Xizang | 6,106 | 435.4 |
广西 Guangxi | 6,339 | 511.7 |
四川 Sichuan | 9,684 | 740.3 |
云南 Yunnan | 13,769 | 1,069.5 |
单位 Units | |
---|---|
年平均温度 Mean annual temperature (MAT) | ℃ |
最冷月均温 Mean temperature during the coldest month (TCM) | ℃ |
无霜期 Frost-free days (FFD) | day |
温度年较差 Annual variation of mean annual temperature (AVMAT) | ℃ |
年平均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (MAP) | mm |
年平均温度空间分异 Spatial variation of mean annual temperature (SVMAT) | ℃ |
年降水量空间分异 Spatial variation of mean annual precipitation (SVMAP) | mm |
单位面积年平均温度空间分异 Spatial variation of mean annual temperature per unit area (SVMATAA) | ℃/km2 |
单位面积年降水量空间分异 Spatial variation of mean annual precipitation per unit area (SVMAPAA) | mm/km2 |
表2 影响植物物种多样性的气候因子
Table 2 Climatic factors affecting spatial patterns of plant species diversity
单位 Units | |
---|---|
年平均温度 Mean annual temperature (MAT) | ℃ |
最冷月均温 Mean temperature during the coldest month (TCM) | ℃ |
无霜期 Frost-free days (FFD) | day |
温度年较差 Annual variation of mean annual temperature (AVMAT) | ℃ |
年平均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (MAP) | mm |
年平均温度空间分异 Spatial variation of mean annual temperature (SVMAT) | ℃ |
年降水量空间分异 Spatial variation of mean annual precipitation (SVMAP) | mm |
单位面积年平均温度空间分异 Spatial variation of mean annual temperature per unit area (SVMATAA) | ℃/km2 |
单位面积年降水量空间分异 Spatial variation of mean annual precipitation per unit area (SVMAPAA) | mm/km2 |
气候因子 Climate factors | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Area | MAT | MAP | SVMAT | SVMAP | TCM | AVMAT | FFD | SVMATAA | SVMAPAA | |
物种丰富度 Species richness | 0.17ns | 0.30ns | 0.20ns | 0.44* | 0.63*** | 0.44* | -0.67*** | 0.28ns | - | - |
物种密度 Species density | - | 0.37ns | 0.28ns | - | - | 0.51** | -0.72*** | 0.34ns | 0.38* | 0.55** |
表3 气候因子与物种丰富度、物种密度之间的相关性
Table 3 Correlation between climatic factors and species richness and density
气候因子 Climate factors | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Area | MAT | MAP | SVMAT | SVMAP | TCM | AVMAT | FFD | SVMATAA | SVMAPAA | |
物种丰富度 Species richness | 0.17ns | 0.30ns | 0.20ns | 0.44* | 0.63*** | 0.44* | -0.67*** | 0.28ns | - | - |
物种密度 Species density | - | 0.37ns | 0.28ns | - | - | 0.51** | -0.72*** | 0.34ns | 0.38* | 0.55** |
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