中国种子植物物种多样性的大尺度分布格局及其气候解释

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08027

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

物种多样性分布格局的研究对于生物多样性的保护具有重要意义。为了解中国种子植物物种多样性的空间分布格局, 本研究利用大尺度的物种分布数据, 结合GIS和统计分析方法, 探讨了中国种子植物物种多样性的大尺度分布格局及其与气候的关系。结果表明, 中国种子植物的物种丰富度和物种密度存在较大的空间变异。从南到北, 物种密度呈显著递减趋势, 而物种丰富度的递减趋势不够明显。面积、年平均温度、年平均降水量和无霜期对物种丰富度、物种密度分布格局均无显著影响。温度年较差、最冷月均温、年平均温度和年平均降水量的空间分异对物种丰富度的分布格局均有显著影响; 温度年较差、最冷月均温和单位面积的年平均温度、年平均降水量的空间分异均显著影响物种密度的分布格局。温度年较差在一定程度上决定了物种丰富度与物种密度的总体分布格局, 而年平均温度以及单位面积的年平均温度空间分异对上述格局的解释率则相对较低。在大尺度的物种多样性格局及其气候解释的相关研究中, 气候因子的空间变异和季节性分异相对表示气候总体水平的年平均温度和年平均降水量而言, 可能更值得关注。

关键词: 物种多样性, 气候因子, 季节性分异, 空间分异, 中国种子植物

Abstract

Understanding spatial patterns of species diversity is a hot topic in global ecology because of its significance to biodiversity conservation. We investigated spatial patterns of Chinese seed plant species diversity and analyzed the correlation between species richness and climatic factors at a large scale. Floral information was obtained from national and regional records of seed plants, and climatic data were taken from 642 observatory sites across China between 1970 and 2000. We detected large spatial variation in species richness and density. Species density decreased with latitude. The following did not affect the spatial patterns of species richness and species density: area, mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, and frost-free days. Spatial patterns of species richness were affected by annual variation in mean annual temperature, mean temperature during the coldest month, spatial variation of mean annual temperature and precipitation. Spatial patterns of species density were principally shaped by annual variation in mean annual temperature, mean temperature during the coldest month, spatial variation of mean annual temperature per unit area and spatial variation of mean annual precipitation per unit area. Linear step-wise regression models indicated that annual variation in mean annual temperature influenced spatial patterns of species richness, while spatial variation in mean annual temperature and the spatial variation in mean annual temperature per unit area fine-tuned them. Our results imply that spatial and seasonal variation in climatic factors can not be overlooked in research on spatial patterns of species diversity at large scales.

Key words: species diversity, climatic factors, seasonal variation, spatial variation, Chinese seed plants

冯建孟 (2008) 中国种子植物物种多样性的大尺度分布格局及其气候解释. 生物多样性, 16, 470-476. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08027.

Jianmeng Feng (2008) Spatial patterns of species diversity of seed plants in China and their climatic explanation. Biodiversity Science, 16, 470-476. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08027.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08027

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2008/V16/I5/470

图/表 5

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研究单元 Units	物种数 Species richness	物种密度 Species density (No./km²)
宁夏 Ningxia	785	70.7
山东 Shandong	1,175	98.6
河南 Henan	1,656	137.5
黑龙江 Heilongjiang	1,666	128.0
吉林 Jilin	1,698	139.7
江苏 Jiangsu	1,699	147.6
山西 Shanxi	1,701	142.0
辽宁 Liaoning	1,737	145.7
河北 Hebei	1,959	161.2
内蒙古 Neimenggu	1,993	142.6
安徽 Anhui	2,001	168.9
青海 Qinghai	2,036	151.0
浙江 Zhejiang	2,750	238.9
海南 Hainan	2,763	264.8
江西 Jiangxi	2,822	234.3
福建 Fujian	2,977	254.5
湖南 Hunan	3,182	259.7
新疆 Xinjiang	3,252	227.6
陕西 Shaanxi	3,259	265.9
台湾 Taiwan	3,410	325.0
湖北 Hubei	3,430	282.2
甘肃 Gansu	3,579	274.9
贵州 Guizhou	4,821	398.4
广东 Guangdong	4,954	409.4
西藏 Xizang	6,106	435.4
广西 Guangxi	6,339	511.7
四川 Sichuan	9,684	740.3
云南 Yunnan	13,769	1,069.5

研究单元 Units	物种数 Species richness	物种密度 Species density (No./km²)
宁夏 Ningxia	785	70.7
山东 Shandong	1,175	98.6
河南 Henan	1,656	137.5
黑龙江 Heilongjiang	1,666	128.0
吉林 Jilin	1,698	139.7
江苏 Jiangsu	1,699	147.6
山西 Shanxi	1,701	142.0
辽宁 Liaoning	1,737	145.7
河北 Hebei	1,959	161.2
内蒙古 Neimenggu	1,993	142.6
安徽 Anhui	2,001	168.9
青海 Qinghai	2,036	151.0
浙江 Zhejiang	2,750	238.9
海南 Hainan	2,763	264.8
江西 Jiangxi	2,822	234.3
福建 Fujian	2,977	254.5
湖南 Hunan	3,182	259.7
新疆 Xinjiang	3,252	227.6
陕西 Shaanxi	3,259	265.9
台湾 Taiwan	3,410	325.0
湖北 Hubei	3,430	282.2
甘肃 Gansu	3,579	274.9
贵州 Guizhou	4,821	398.4
广东 Guangdong	4,954	409.4
西藏 Xizang	6,106	435.4
广西 Guangxi	6,339	511.7
四川 Sichuan	9,684	740.3
云南 Yunnan	13,769	1,069.5

	单位 Units
年平均温度 Mean annual temperature (MAT)	℃
最冷月均温 Mean temperature during the coldest month (TCM)	℃
无霜期 Frost-free days (FFD)	day
温度年较差 Annual variation of mean annual temperature (AVMAT)	℃
年平均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (MAP)	mm
年平均温度空间分异 Spatial variation of mean annual temperature (SVMAT)	℃
年降水量空间分异 Spatial variation of mean annual precipitation (SVMAP)	mm
单位面积年平均温度空间分异 Spatial variation of mean annual temperature per unit area (SVMATAA)	℃/km²
单位面积年降水量空间分异 Spatial variation of mean annual precipitation per unit area (SVMAPAA)	mm/km²

	单位 Units
年平均温度 Mean annual temperature (MAT)	℃
最冷月均温 Mean temperature during the coldest month (TCM)	℃
无霜期 Frost-free days (FFD)	day
温度年较差 Annual variation of mean annual temperature (AVMAT)	℃
年平均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (MAP)	mm
年平均温度空间分异 Spatial variation of mean annual temperature (SVMAT)	℃
年降水量空间分异 Spatial variation of mean annual precipitation (SVMAP)	mm
单位面积年平均温度空间分异 Spatial variation of mean annual temperature per unit area (SVMATAA)	℃/km²
单位面积年降水量空间分异 Spatial variation of mean annual precipitation per unit area (SVMAPAA)	mm/km²

	气候因子 Climate factors
	Area	MAT	MAP	SVMAT	SVMAP	TCM	AVMAT	FFD	SVMATAA	SVMAPAA
物种丰富度 Species richness	0.17^ns	0.30^ns	0.20^ns	0.44^*	0.63^***	0.44^*	-0.67^***	0.28^ns	-	-
物种密度 Species density	-	0.37^ns	0.28^ns	-	-	0.51^**	-0.72^***	0.34^ns	0.38^*	0.55^**