南岭地区观光木自然和人工迁地保护种群的遗传多样性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.09138

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

迁地保护是珍稀濒危植物保护的重要措施。观光木(Tsoongiodendron odorum)是古老的孑遗树种, 被列为国家二级重点保护植物, 营建迁地保护林是对其进行保护的重要手段, 但已经营建的迁地保护林每个种群目前只保存下来几十株个体。为了评价这些迁地保护林的遗传多样性现状, 作者采用ISSR分子标记对南岭地区观光木3个人工迁地保护种群和4个自然种群的遗传多样性进行了比较。结果显示: 16条ISSR引物共扩增出362个条带, 其中301个为多态条带, 多态条带百分比(P)为83.2%, 各种群P值为37.9-62.2%, 平均为53.1%, 表明观光木在物种和种群水平都具有较高的遗传多样性。自然种群总体P值和Shannon信息指数(I)(80.9%, 0.3629)均高于人工迁地保护种群(66.6%, 0.2990), 说明人工迁地保护种群遗传多样性较低。种群结构分析表明3个人工迁地保护种群均有可能来源于源口自然种群。4个自然种群间遗传分化系数(G_ST)为0.2495, 表明自然种群间存在显著遗传隔离, 基因流受阻和生态环境差异是造成种群遗传分化的主要原因。在今后的迁地保护工作中, 我们建议从不同生态地理区收集种质材料, 并在不同生态类型区开展迁地保护工作, 同时开展观光木种群生态生殖生物学研究。

关键词: Tsoongiodendron odorum, ISSR, 遗传多样性, 自然种群, 迁地保护

Abstract

Ex situ conservation, complementary to in situ conservation, plays an important role in preservation and recovery of endangered species. Tsoongiodendron odorum is a relic species that was listed in the Second Grade of the List of Wild Plants Under State Protection (First Batch) in China. For protection of its genetic diversity, ex situ conservation populations have been established and managed outside of natural habitats in several nature reserves since 1980. However, only dozens of individuals are currently saved from each planted population. To assess the actual protective effectiveness of these planted populations, we detected and compared the genetic diversity of three planted populations from Nanling Mountains with four natural populations using ISSR markers. Overall, we detected 362 total ISSR discernible bands with 16 ISSR primers, of which 301 were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic bands (P) was 83.2%. At the population level, the percent of polymorphic bands ranged from 37.9% to 62.2%, with an average value of 53.1%. This result showed that T. odorum had high genetic diversity both at population and species levels. However, the percentage of polymorphic bands and Shannon information index (I) of ex situ conservation populations (66.6% and 0.2990) were much lower than those of natural populations (80.9% and 0.3629). We deduced that there was a narrow genetic base for plantations of T. odorum. Population structure analysis revealed that three planted populations could be collected from the same wild population (i.e., YK population). The genetic variation of four natural populations (G_ST=0.2495) showed that there was significant isolation among populations, which would limit gene flow and population differentiation among populations. We present suggestions on regulating seed collection from different natural habitats to establish planted populations and strengthening research on the reproductive biology of T. odorum.

Key words: Tsoongiodendron odorum, ISSR, genetic diversity, natural population, ex situ conservation

吴雪琴, 徐刚标, 梁艳, 申响保 (2013) 南岭地区观光木自然和人工迁地保护种群的遗传多样性. 生物多样性, 21, 71-79. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.09138.

Xueqin Wu,Gangbiao Xu,Yan Liang,Xiangbao Shen (2013) Genetic diversity of natural and planted populations of Tsoongiodendron odorum from the Nanling Mountains. Biodiversity Science, 21, 71-79. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.09138.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.09138

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2013/V21/I1/71

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种群 Population codes	地点 Location	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	海拔 Altitude (m)	样本大小 Sample size
自然种群 Natural populations
弄相山 NXS	贵州弄相山省级自然保护区 Nongxiangshan Provincial Nature Reserve, Guizhou	109°12′ E	25°46′ N	230	21
源口 YK	湖南源口省级自然保护区 Yuankou Provincial Nature Reserve, Hunan	110°59′ E	24°58′ N	610	26
连山 LS	广东连山省级自然保护区 Lianshan Provincial Nature Reserve, Guangdong	112°01′ E	24°25′ N	580	28
南昆山 NKS	广东南昆山省级自然保护区 Nankunshan Provincial Nature Reserve, Guangdong	113°52′ E	23°38′ N	457	32
人工种群 Planted populations
车八岭 CBL	广东车八岭国家级自然保护区 Chebaling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong	114°15′ E	24°43′ N	350	18
鼎湖山 DHS	广东鼎湖山国家级自然保护区 Dinghushan National Nature Reserve, Guangdong	112°32′ E	23°10′ N	245	10
大顶山 DDS	广东南岭国家级自然保护区大顶山管理处 Dadingshan Management Office, Nanling Nature Reserve, Guangdong	113°03′ E	24°43′ N	516	28

种群 Population codes	地点 Location	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	海拔 Altitude (m)	样本大小 Sample size
自然种群 Natural populations
弄相山 NXS	贵州弄相山省级自然保护区 Nongxiangshan Provincial Nature Reserve, Guizhou	109°12′ E	25°46′ N	230	21
源口 YK	湖南源口省级自然保护区 Yuankou Provincial Nature Reserve, Hunan	110°59′ E	24°58′ N	610	26
连山 LS	广东连山省级自然保护区 Lianshan Provincial Nature Reserve, Guangdong	112°01′ E	24°25′ N	580	28
南昆山 NKS	广东南昆山省级自然保护区 Nankunshan Provincial Nature Reserve, Guangdong	113°52′ E	23°38′ N	457	32
人工种群 Planted populations
车八岭 CBL	广东车八岭国家级自然保护区 Chebaling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong	114°15′ E	24°43′ N	350	18
鼎湖山 DHS	广东鼎湖山国家级自然保护区 Dinghushan National Nature Reserve, Guangdong	112°32′ E	23°10′ N	245	10
大顶山 DDS	广东南岭国家级自然保护区大顶山管理处 Dadingshan Management Office, Nanling Nature Reserve, Guangdong	113°03′ E	24°43′ N	516	28

引物 Primer	序列(5′ to 3′) Sequence(5′ to 3′)	最适温度 Optimum temperature (℃)	总条带数 No. of bands	多态条带数 No. of polymorphic bands	多态条带百分比 % of polymorphic bands
UBC814	(CT)₈A	51	28	25	89.3
UBC815	(CT)₈G	53	21	20	95.2
UBC818	(CA)₈G	54	22	19	86.4
UBC822	(TC)₈A	53	25	19	76.0
UBC824	(TC)₈G	51	25	20	80.0
UBC835	(AG)₈YC	55	23	17	73.9
UBC840	(GA)₈YT	57	25	20	80.0
UBC841	(GA)₈YC	57	26	20	76.9
UBC844	(CT)₈RC	57	21	16	76.2
UBC845	(CT)₈RG	54	18	14	77.8
UBC853	(TC)₈RT	54	18	16	88.9
UBC854	(TC)₈RG	54	23	21	91.3
UBC866	(CTC)₆	60	23	18	78.3
UBC874	(CCCT)₄	55	23	21	91.3
UBC879	(CTTCA)₃	41	22	20	90.9
UBC881	(GGGTG)₃	54	19	15	79.0
平均 Mean			22.63	18.82	83.2

引物 Primer	序列(5′ to 3′) Sequence(5′ to 3′)	最适温度 Optimum temperature (℃)	总条带数 No. of bands	多态条带数 No. of polymorphic bands	多态条带百分比 % of polymorphic bands
UBC814	(CT)₈A	51	28	25	89.3
UBC815	(CT)₈G	53	21	20	95.2
UBC818	(CA)₈G	54	22	19	86.4
UBC822	(TC)₈A	53	25	19	76.0
UBC824	(TC)₈G	51	25	20	80.0
UBC835	(AG)₈YC	55	23	17	73.9
UBC840	(GA)₈YT	57	25	20	80.0
UBC841	(GA)₈YC	57	26	20	76.9
UBC844	(CT)₈RC	57	21	16	76.2
UBC845	(CT)₈RG	54	18	14	77.8
UBC853	(TC)₈RT	54	18	16	88.9
UBC854	(TC)₈RG	54	23	21	91.3
UBC866	(CTC)₆	60	23	18	78.3
UBC874	(CCCT)₄	55	23	21	91.3
UBC879	(CTTCA)₃	41	22	20	90.9
UBC881	(GGGTG)₃	54	19	15	79.0
平均 Mean			22.63	18.82	83.2

种群 Population		多态条带百分比 % of polymorphic bands	Shannon信息指数 Shannon information index
自然种群 Natural populations
	弄相山 NXS	59.4	0.2848
	源口 YK	55.0	0.2618
	连山 LS	61.9	0.2995
	南昆山 NKS	62.2	0.2926
	总体 Total	80.9	0.3629
人工种群 Planted populations
	车八岭 CBL	47.2	0.2388
	鼎湖山 DHS	37.9	0.2137
	大顶山 DDS	48.3	0.2473
	总体 Total	66.6	0.2990
平均 Mean level		53.1	0.2626
物种 Species level		83.2	0.3621