生物多样性 ›› 2012, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (6): 654-664. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.11073
收稿日期:
2012-03-22
接受日期:
2012-05-23
出版日期:
2012-11-20
发布日期:
2013-01-04
通讯作者:
刘文耀
作者简介:
* E-mail: Liuwy@xtbg.ac.cn** 同等贡献作者
基金资助:
Yuanlin Yao1,2, Wenyao Liu1,*(), Wenzhang Ma3, Liang Song1,2
Received:
2012-03-22
Accepted:
2012-05-23
Online:
2012-11-20
Published:
2013-01-04
Contact:
Wenyao Liu
About author:
First author contact:** The two authors contributed equally to this work
摘要:
对环境变化敏感的附生苔藓植物是亚热带潮湿生境山地森林生态系统的重要组分之一。为了解不同类型植物群落间过渡带附生苔藓植物多样性与分布特征, 我们对哀牢山徐家坝地区中山湿性常绿阔叶林(也称为原生林) 与3类不同类型森林(苔藓矮林、次生的栎类萌生林和滇山杨(Populus bonatii)林)之间的过渡带内树干附生植物的物种组成、多样性、生活型等进行了调查研究。结果表明: 原生林与苔藓矮林过渡带的物种丰富度(68)和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(3.46)低于其相邻的原生林(分别为85和3.69)和苔藓矮林(分别为92和3.98)。而在原生林与栎类萌生林、滇山杨林两类次生林的过渡带上, 物种的丰富程度高于各自的次生森林但低于原生林。有些物种的分布仅限于过渡带, 如亮叶光萼苔(Porella nitens)和细枝刺枝藓(Wijkia surcularis)的分布仅限于原生林-滇山杨林过渡带, 狭叶厚角藓(Gammiella tonkinensis)仅出现于原生林-苔藓矮林过渡带, 具有一定的保护价值。我们认为边缘效应产生高生物多样性这一特征对于过渡带树干附生苔藓植物群落而言并不符合。
姚元林, 刘文耀, 马文章, 宋亮 (2012) 云南哀牢山国家保护区几个过渡带树干附生苔藓的物种组成与多样性. 生物多样性, 20, 654-664. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.11073.
Yuanlin Yao, Wenyao Liu, Wenzhang Ma, Liang Song (2012) Species composition and diversity of epiphytes of several ecotones in Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve, Yunnan. Biodiversity Science, 20, 654-664. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.11073.
生态交错带及其相邻群落 Ecotone and its adjacent communities | 胸径 DBH (cm) | 宿主株树 No. of hosts |
---|---|---|
原生林 OGF | 29.60 ± 3.60 | 51 |
原生林-苔藓矮林过渡带 EOO | 30.51 ± 1.75 | 36 |
苔藓矮林 ODMF | 14.59 ± 0.84 | 30 |
原生林-50年栎类萌生林过渡带 EOSl | 27.01 ± 1.62 | 36 |
50年栎类萌生林 SLF | 23.81 ± 1.76 | 36 |
原生林-滇山杨林过渡带 EOSp | 31.70 ± 2.82 | 36 |
滇山杨林 SPF | 29.90 ± 2.40 | 38 |
表1 各过渡带及其相邻群落调查宿主的平均胸径
Table 1 Mean DBH of hosts surveyed among each ecotone and its adjacent communities
生态交错带及其相邻群落 Ecotone and its adjacent communities | 胸径 DBH (cm) | 宿主株树 No. of hosts |
---|---|---|
原生林 OGF | 29.60 ± 3.60 | 51 |
原生林-苔藓矮林过渡带 EOO | 30.51 ± 1.75 | 36 |
苔藓矮林 ODMF | 14.59 ± 0.84 | 30 |
原生林-50年栎类萌生林过渡带 EOSl | 27.01 ± 1.62 | 36 |
50年栎类萌生林 SLF | 23.81 ± 1.76 | 36 |
原生林-滇山杨林过渡带 EOSp | 31.70 ± 2.82 | 36 |
滇山杨林 SPF | 29.90 ± 2.40 | 38 |
过渡带或群落的优势种类 Dominant species of ectone or community | 宿主数 Host No. | 重要值 IV | 生活型 Life form |
---|---|---|---|
原生林 OGF | |||
树平藓 Homaliodendron flabellatum | 43 | 25.1 | 扇型 Fan |
刀叶树平藓 H. scalpellifolium | 41 | 24.9 | 扇型 Fan |
阿萨羽苔 Plagiochila assamica | 17 | 10.1 | 扇型 Fan |
羽枝羽苔 P. fruticosa | 12 | 8.4 | 扇型 Fan |
疏叶丝带藓 Floribundaria walker | 26 | 7.1 | 悬垂型 Pendant |
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula | 21 | 6.7 | 扇型 Fan |
网藓 Syrrhopodon gardneri | 10 | 5.1 | 丛集型 Turf |
扁平棉藓原变种 Plagiothecium neckeroideum var. neckeroideum | 12 | 4.8 | 扇型 Fan |
疏叶美喙藓 Eurhynchium laxirete | 16 | 4.8 | 粗平铺型 Rough mat |
狭叶羽苔 Plagiochila trabeculata | 16 | 4.5 | 丛集型 Turf |
原生林-苔藓矮林过渡带 EOO | |||
树平藓 Homaliodendron flabellatum | 22 | 27.7 | 扇型 Fan |
刀叶树平藓 H. scalpellifolium | 20 | 20.7 | 扇型 Fan |
落叶细鳞苔 Lejeunea subacuta | 30 | 19.0 | 细平铺型 Smooth mat |
短叶毛锦藓 Pylaisiadelpha yokohamae | 20 | 9.5 | 细平铺型 Smooth mat |
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula | 14 | 8.2 | 扇型 Fan |
南方小锦藓 Brotherella henonii | 12 | 8.2 | 细平铺型 Smooth mat |
阿萨羽苔 Plagiochila assamica | 10 | 8.2 | 扇型 Fan |
卷叶鞭苔 Bazzania yoshinagana | 6 | 5.6 | 细平铺型 Smooth mat |
扁平棉藓原变种 Plagiothecium neckeroideum var. neckeroideum | 13 | 5.4 | 扇型 Fan |
平叉苔 Metzgeria conjugata | 15 | 5.2 | 细平铺型 Smooth mat |
苔藓矮林 ODMF | |||
弯叶刺枝藓 Wijkia deflexifolia | 19 | 10.5 | 粗平铺型 Rough mat |
喜马拉雅鞭苔 Bazzania himalayana | 8 | 10.1 | 交织型 Weft |
刀叶树平藓 Homaliodendron scalpellifolium | 13 | 10.1 | 扇型 Fan |
树平藓 H. flabellatum | 15 | 9.8 | 扇型 Fan |
狭叶剪叶苔 Herbertus angustissimus | 11 | 8.4 | 丛集型 Turf |
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula | 9 | 8.4 | 扇型 Fan |
阿萨羽苔 P. assamica | 8 | 8.2 | 扇型 Fan |
平叉苔 Metzgeria conjugata | 18 | 6.6 | 细平铺型 Smooth mat |
粗仰叶垂藓 Sinskea phaea | 14 | 5.3 | 悬垂型 Pendant |
拟扭叶藓卷叶变种 Trachypodopsis serrulata var. crispatula | 4 | 5.2 | 树型 Dendroid |
原生林-50年栎类萌生林过渡带 EOSl | |||
阿萨羽苔 Plagiochila assamica | 10 | 20.1 | 扇型 Fan |
树平藓 Homaliodendron flabellatum | 16 | 15.7 | 扇型 Fan |
喜马拉雅鞭苔 Bazzania himalayana | 13 | 15.3 | 交织型 Weft |
刀叶树平藓 Homaliodendron scalpellifolium | 17 | 14.1 | 扇型 Fan |
落叶细鳞苔 Lejeunea subacuta | 24 | 14.1 | 细平铺型 Smooth mat |
弯叶刺枝藓 Wijkia deflexifolia | 22 | 12.7 | 细平铺型 Smooth mat |
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula | 14 | 12.6 | 扇型 Fan |
桧叶白发藓 Leucobryum juniperoideum | 12 | 6.2 | 垫状型 Cushion |
刺叶羽苔 Plagiochila sciophila | 11 | 5.8 | 丛集型 Turf |
小叶鞭苔 Bazzania ovistipula | 4 | 4.4 | 粗平铺型 Rough mat |
50年栎类萌生林 SLF | |||
树平藓 Homaliodendron flabellatum | 26 | 23.8 | 扇型 Fan |
落叶细鳞苔 Lejeunea subacuta | 32 | 16.3 | 细平铺型 Smooth mat |
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula | 16 | 10.9 | 扇型 Fan |
过渡带或群落的优势种类 Dominant species of ectone or community | 宿主数 Host No. | 重要值 IV | 生活型 Life-form |
疏叶羽苔 P. secretifolia | 17 | 10.8 | 丛集型 Turf |
阿萨羽苔 P. assamica | 12 | 10.0 | 扇型 Fan |
狭叶羽苔 P. trabeculata | 18 | 9.6 | 丛集型 Turf |
平叉苔 Metzgeria conjugata | 29 | 9.3 | 细平铺型 Smooth mat |
刀叶树平藓 Homaliodendron scalpellifolium | 12 | 8.8 | 扇型 Fan |
南方小锦藓 Brotherella henonii | 17 | 7.8 | 细平铺型 Smooth mat |
青毛藓 Dicranodontium denudatum | 19 | 6.4 | 丛集型 Turf |
原生林-滇山杨林过渡带 EOSp | |||
树平藓 Homaliodendron flabellatum | 29 | 23.8 | 扇型 Fan |
刀叶树平藓 H. scalpellifolium | 18 | 15.3 | 扇型 Fan |
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula | 20 | 13.7 | 扇型 Fan |
疏叶丝带藓 Floribundaria walkeri | 16 | 11.0 | 悬垂型 Pendant |
落叶细鳞苔 Lejeunea subacuta | 21 | 9.9 | 细平铺型 Smooth mat |
齿叶平藓 Neckera crenulata | 10 | 8.8 | 扇型 Fan |
狭叶羽苔 Plagiochila trabeculata | 13 | 8.6 | 丛集型 Turf |
皱萼苔 Ptychanthus striatus | 10 | 6.8 | 扇型 Fan |
大羽藓 Thuidium cymbifolium | 10 | 5.9 | 交织型 Weft |
短叶毛锦藓 Pylaisiadelpha yokohamae | 12 | 5.0 | 细平铺型 Smooth mat |
滇山杨林 SPF | |||
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula | 23 | 24.9 | 扇型 Fan |
皱萼苔 Ptychanthus striatus | 17 | 15.1 | 扇型 Fan |
疏叶丝带藓 Floribundaria walkeri | 13 | 12.0 | 悬垂型 Pendant |
黄松萝藓 Papillaria fuscescens | 13 | 12.0 | 悬垂型 Pendant |
大羽藓 Thuidium cymbifolium | 12 | 11.7 | 交织型 Weft |
树平藓 Homaliodendron flabellatum | 14 | 10.3 | 扇型 Fan |
狭叶羽苔 Plagiochila trabeculata | 10 | 8.8 | 丛集型 Turf |
侧枝匍灯藓 Plagiomnium maximoviczii | 12 | 8.3 | 粗平铺型 Rough mat |
轮叶波叶藓 Himantocladium cyclophyllum | 10 | 8.0 | 扇型 Fan |
大耳羽苔 Plagiochila subtropica | 8 | 6.9 | 扇型 Fan |
表2 各过渡带及其相邻群落附生苔藓重要值居前10位的优势物种
Table 2 Top 10 dominant epiphytic bryophytes ranked by importance value (IV) across all ecotones and communities
过渡带或群落的优势种类 Dominant species of ectone or community | 宿主数 Host No. | 重要值 IV | 生活型 Life form |
---|---|---|---|
原生林 OGF | |||
树平藓 Homaliodendron flabellatum | 43 | 25.1 | 扇型 Fan |
刀叶树平藓 H. scalpellifolium | 41 | 24.9 | 扇型 Fan |
阿萨羽苔 Plagiochila assamica | 17 | 10.1 | 扇型 Fan |
羽枝羽苔 P. fruticosa | 12 | 8.4 | 扇型 Fan |
疏叶丝带藓 Floribundaria walker | 26 | 7.1 | 悬垂型 Pendant |
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula | 21 | 6.7 | 扇型 Fan |
网藓 Syrrhopodon gardneri | 10 | 5.1 | 丛集型 Turf |
扁平棉藓原变种 Plagiothecium neckeroideum var. neckeroideum | 12 | 4.8 | 扇型 Fan |
疏叶美喙藓 Eurhynchium laxirete | 16 | 4.8 | 粗平铺型 Rough mat |
狭叶羽苔 Plagiochila trabeculata | 16 | 4.5 | 丛集型 Turf |
原生林-苔藓矮林过渡带 EOO | |||
树平藓 Homaliodendron flabellatum | 22 | 27.7 | 扇型 Fan |
刀叶树平藓 H. scalpellifolium | 20 | 20.7 | 扇型 Fan |
落叶细鳞苔 Lejeunea subacuta | 30 | 19.0 | 细平铺型 Smooth mat |
短叶毛锦藓 Pylaisiadelpha yokohamae | 20 | 9.5 | 细平铺型 Smooth mat |
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula | 14 | 8.2 | 扇型 Fan |
南方小锦藓 Brotherella henonii | 12 | 8.2 | 细平铺型 Smooth mat |
阿萨羽苔 Plagiochila assamica | 10 | 8.2 | 扇型 Fan |
卷叶鞭苔 Bazzania yoshinagana | 6 | 5.6 | 细平铺型 Smooth mat |
扁平棉藓原变种 Plagiothecium neckeroideum var. neckeroideum | 13 | 5.4 | 扇型 Fan |
平叉苔 Metzgeria conjugata | 15 | 5.2 | 细平铺型 Smooth mat |
苔藓矮林 ODMF | |||
弯叶刺枝藓 Wijkia deflexifolia | 19 | 10.5 | 粗平铺型 Rough mat |
喜马拉雅鞭苔 Bazzania himalayana | 8 | 10.1 | 交织型 Weft |
刀叶树平藓 Homaliodendron scalpellifolium | 13 | 10.1 | 扇型 Fan |
树平藓 H. flabellatum | 15 | 9.8 | 扇型 Fan |
狭叶剪叶苔 Herbertus angustissimus | 11 | 8.4 | 丛集型 Turf |
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula | 9 | 8.4 | 扇型 Fan |
阿萨羽苔 P. assamica | 8 | 8.2 | 扇型 Fan |
平叉苔 Metzgeria conjugata | 18 | 6.6 | 细平铺型 Smooth mat |
粗仰叶垂藓 Sinskea phaea | 14 | 5.3 | 悬垂型 Pendant |
拟扭叶藓卷叶变种 Trachypodopsis serrulata var. crispatula | 4 | 5.2 | 树型 Dendroid |
原生林-50年栎类萌生林过渡带 EOSl | |||
阿萨羽苔 Plagiochila assamica | 10 | 20.1 | 扇型 Fan |
树平藓 Homaliodendron flabellatum | 16 | 15.7 | 扇型 Fan |
喜马拉雅鞭苔 Bazzania himalayana | 13 | 15.3 | 交织型 Weft |
刀叶树平藓 Homaliodendron scalpellifolium | 17 | 14.1 | 扇型 Fan |
落叶细鳞苔 Lejeunea subacuta | 24 | 14.1 | 细平铺型 Smooth mat |
弯叶刺枝藓 Wijkia deflexifolia | 22 | 12.7 | 细平铺型 Smooth mat |
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula | 14 | 12.6 | 扇型 Fan |
桧叶白发藓 Leucobryum juniperoideum | 12 | 6.2 | 垫状型 Cushion |
刺叶羽苔 Plagiochila sciophila | 11 | 5.8 | 丛集型 Turf |
小叶鞭苔 Bazzania ovistipula | 4 | 4.4 | 粗平铺型 Rough mat |
50年栎类萌生林 SLF | |||
树平藓 Homaliodendron flabellatum | 26 | 23.8 | 扇型 Fan |
落叶细鳞苔 Lejeunea subacuta | 32 | 16.3 | 细平铺型 Smooth mat |
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula | 16 | 10.9 | 扇型 Fan |
过渡带或群落的优势种类 Dominant species of ectone or community | 宿主数 Host No. | 重要值 IV | 生活型 Life-form |
疏叶羽苔 P. secretifolia | 17 | 10.8 | 丛集型 Turf |
阿萨羽苔 P. assamica | 12 | 10.0 | 扇型 Fan |
狭叶羽苔 P. trabeculata | 18 | 9.6 | 丛集型 Turf |
平叉苔 Metzgeria conjugata | 29 | 9.3 | 细平铺型 Smooth mat |
刀叶树平藓 Homaliodendron scalpellifolium | 12 | 8.8 | 扇型 Fan |
南方小锦藓 Brotherella henonii | 17 | 7.8 | 细平铺型 Smooth mat |
青毛藓 Dicranodontium denudatum | 19 | 6.4 | 丛集型 Turf |
原生林-滇山杨林过渡带 EOSp | |||
树平藓 Homaliodendron flabellatum | 29 | 23.8 | 扇型 Fan |
刀叶树平藓 H. scalpellifolium | 18 | 15.3 | 扇型 Fan |
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula | 20 | 13.7 | 扇型 Fan |
疏叶丝带藓 Floribundaria walkeri | 16 | 11.0 | 悬垂型 Pendant |
落叶细鳞苔 Lejeunea subacuta | 21 | 9.9 | 细平铺型 Smooth mat |
齿叶平藓 Neckera crenulata | 10 | 8.8 | 扇型 Fan |
狭叶羽苔 Plagiochila trabeculata | 13 | 8.6 | 丛集型 Turf |
皱萼苔 Ptychanthus striatus | 10 | 6.8 | 扇型 Fan |
大羽藓 Thuidium cymbifolium | 10 | 5.9 | 交织型 Weft |
短叶毛锦藓 Pylaisiadelpha yokohamae | 12 | 5.0 | 细平铺型 Smooth mat |
滇山杨林 SPF | |||
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula | 23 | 24.9 | 扇型 Fan |
皱萼苔 Ptychanthus striatus | 17 | 15.1 | 扇型 Fan |
疏叶丝带藓 Floribundaria walkeri | 13 | 12.0 | 悬垂型 Pendant |
黄松萝藓 Papillaria fuscescens | 13 | 12.0 | 悬垂型 Pendant |
大羽藓 Thuidium cymbifolium | 12 | 11.7 | 交织型 Weft |
树平藓 Homaliodendron flabellatum | 14 | 10.3 | 扇型 Fan |
狭叶羽苔 Plagiochila trabeculata | 10 | 8.8 | 丛集型 Turf |
侧枝匍灯藓 Plagiomnium maximoviczii | 12 | 8.3 | 粗平铺型 Rough mat |
轮叶波叶藓 Himantocladium cyclophyllum | 10 | 8.0 | 扇型 Fan |
大耳羽苔 Plagiochila subtropica | 8 | 6.9 | 扇型 Fan |
过渡带或群落 Ectones or communities | Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index | Simpson 指数 Simpson index | 物种丰富度 Richness |
---|---|---|---|
原生林 OGF | 3.69 | 0.95 | 85 |
原生林-苔藓矮林过渡带 EOO | 3.46 | 0.95 | 68 |
苔藓矮林 ODMF | 3.98 | 0.97 | 92 |
原生林-50年栎类萌生林过渡带 EOSl | 3.49 | 0.95 | 65 |
50年栎类萌生林 SLF | 3.47 | 0.95 | 63 |
原生林-滇山杨林过渡带 EOSp | 3.61 | 0.96 | 73 |
滇山杨林 SPF | 3.44 | 0.95 | 54 |
表3 各过渡带及其相邻群落附生苔藓的Simpson和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数以及物种丰富度
Table 3 Simpson diversity index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and species richness among all ecotones and communities of epiphytic bryophytes
过渡带或群落 Ectones or communities | Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index | Simpson 指数 Simpson index | 物种丰富度 Richness |
---|---|---|---|
原生林 OGF | 3.69 | 0.95 | 85 |
原生林-苔藓矮林过渡带 EOO | 3.46 | 0.95 | 68 |
苔藓矮林 ODMF | 3.98 | 0.97 | 92 |
原生林-50年栎类萌生林过渡带 EOSl | 3.49 | 0.95 | 65 |
50年栎类萌生林 SLF | 3.47 | 0.95 | 63 |
原生林-滇山杨林过渡带 EOSp | 3.61 | 0.96 | 73 |
滇山杨林 SPF | 3.44 | 0.95 | 54 |
过渡带与其相邻的群落之间 Between ecotone and its adjacent communities | 相似性系数 Similarity coefficient | 共有种数 Number of common species | |
---|---|---|---|
原生林与原生林-苔藓矮林过渡带 OGF-EOO | 0.60 | 46 | |
原生林-苔藓矮林过渡带与苔藓矮林 EOO-ODMF | 0.63 | 50 | |
原生林与原生林-50年栎类萌生林过渡带 OGF-EOSl | 0.48 | 36 | |
原生林-50年栎类萌生林过渡带与50年栎类萌生林 EOSl-SLF | 0.69 | 44 | |
原生林与原生林-滇山杨林过渡带 OGF-EOSp | 0.58 | 46 | |
原生林-滇山杨林过渡带与滇山杨林 EOSp-SPF | 0.43 | 27 |
表4 各过渡带与其相邻群落附生苔藓的相似性系数和共有种数
Table 4 Number of common species and S?rensen’s similarity coefficient of epiphytic bryophytes among different ecotones and its adjacent communities
过渡带与其相邻的群落之间 Between ecotone and its adjacent communities | 相似性系数 Similarity coefficient | 共有种数 Number of common species | |
---|---|---|---|
原生林与原生林-苔藓矮林过渡带 OGF-EOO | 0.60 | 46 | |
原生林-苔藓矮林过渡带与苔藓矮林 EOO-ODMF | 0.63 | 50 | |
原生林与原生林-50年栎类萌生林过渡带 OGF-EOSl | 0.48 | 36 | |
原生林-50年栎类萌生林过渡带与50年栎类萌生林 EOSl-SLF | 0.69 | 44 | |
原生林与原生林-滇山杨林过渡带 OGF-EOSp | 0.58 | 46 | |
原生林-滇山杨林过渡带与滇山杨林 EOSp-SPF | 0.43 | 27 |
图2 过渡带及其相邻群落附生苔藓的盖度(过渡带或群落代号同表1)
Fig. 2 Mean coverage of epiphytic bryophytes among each ecotone and its adjacent communities. Ecotone or community codes see Table 1.
图3 过渡带及其相邻群落附生苔藓植物各生活型的分布频度(过渡带或群落代号同表1)
Fig. 3 Frequencies of each life-form among each ecotone and its adjacent communities. Ecotone or community codes see Table 1.
图4 各过渡带及其相邻群落空气相对湿度日变化曲线(过渡带或群落代号同表1)
Fig. 4 Relative humidity (hourly means) of atmosphere in ecotones and its adjacent communities. Ecotone or community codes see Table 1.
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