杜鹃属植物迁地保育适应性评价

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.11063

生物多样性 ›› 2012, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (6): 665-675. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.11063

杜鹃属植物迁地保育适应性评价

庄平¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 郑元润¹^,²^,³, 邵慧敏¹, 王飞¹

1 中国科学院植物研究所华西亚高山植物园, 四川都江堰 611830
2 中国科学院植物研究所资源植物研发重点实验室, 北京 100093
3 中国科学院植物研究所北京植物园, 北京 100093

收稿日期:2012-02-26 接受日期:2012-09-27 出版日期:2012-11-20 发布日期:2013-01-04
通讯作者: 庄平
作者简介:* E-mail: pzhuang@ibcas.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院战略生物资源技术支撑体系专项(CZBZX-1);四川省科技厅杜鹃花种质资源共享平台建设

An assessment on the adaptability of Rhododendron plants under ex situ conservation

Ping Zhuang¹^,²^,³^,^*(), Yuanrun Zheng¹^,²^,³, Huimin Shao¹, Fei Wang¹

1 West China Sub-alpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dujiangyan, Sichuan 611830
2 Laboratory of Resource Plants, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093
3 Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093

Received:2012-02-26 Accepted:2012-09-27 Online:2012-11-20 Published:2013-01-04
Contact: Ping Zhuang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

适应性评价是衡量植物迁地保育成功与否的关键。采用生长发育、抗逆性与繁殖能力指标, 作者评价和研究了华西亚高山植物园位于四川都江堰海拔1,800 m的龙池基地的中国产杜鹃属(Rhododendron)植物中5亚属7组33亚组172种(含17亚种或变种)的迁地保育适应性, 计246种次, 每种次5-20个个体。结果表明: (1)杜鹃属植物对于保育地的适应性与其区系地理的同质性、海拔的接近度、类群的进化程度和关键功能性状具有较为密切的联系; (2)中国-日本森林植物亚区分布的杜鹃属植物的适应性优于中国-喜马拉雅森林植物亚区; (3)与保育地海拔愈接近的类群及种类其适应性愈高, 由较高海拔向较低海拔的引种适应性高于反向引种; (4)杜鹃属中的原始类群及以我国东部分布为主的中等进化程度类群的适应性明显高于进化类群, 尤其高于向西分化的高山杜鹃类群; (5)具有叶片大型化、无毛或少毛、少鳞片等关键功能性状的杜鹃类群及其种类, 更适宜阴湿与低辐射环境。结果表明, 有关适应性理论能解释杜鹃属迁地保育适应性, 但也有局限性。

关键词: 杜鹃花属, 迁地保育, 引种适应, 功能性状, 进化类群, 区系地理

Abstract

Assessments of adaptability are crucial for success in plant ex situ conservation. In this paper, we evaluated the adaptability of 172 Rhododendron species (including 17 subspecies or variations) by examining growth indices, tolerance to environmental stress and reproductive ability. These species, belonging to 33 subsections, 7 sections, and 5 subgenera, were ex situ cultivated at Longchi Base (1,800 m elevation) in Dujiangyan of Sichuan Province. A total of 246 evaluations were assessed with 5-20 individuals for each evaluation. We found that the adaptability of Rhododendron plants under ex situ conservation was closely related to floristic elements, elevation similarity between ex situ sites and native habitats, evolutionary degree and key functional traits of Rhododendron. The adaptability of the Sino-Japanese floristic elements was higher than that of the Sino-Himalayan elements. The groups or species whose native habitats were similar to this region’s elevation more successfully adapted. Primitive groups or intermediate groups distributed in the east China adapted better than the advanced groups especially distributed in alpine zones of west China; Rhododendron groups or species with some key functional traits, such as big leaf, without hair or hair-less, scale-less, were more adaptable in moist and shady sites. Our results indicate that ex situ conservation for Rhododendron plants can be explained by theories of adaptation, but with limitations.

Key words: Rhododendron, ex situ conservation, adaptability, functional traits

庄平, 郑元润, 邵慧敏, 王飞 (2012) 杜鹃属植物迁地保育适应性评价. 生物多样性, 20, 665-675. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.11063.

Ping Zhuang, Yuanrun Zheng, Huimin Shao, Fei Wang (2012) An assessment on the adaptability of Rhododendron plants under ex situ conservation. Biodiversity Science, 20, 665-675. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.11063.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.11063

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2012/V20/I6/665

图/表 5

参考文献 30

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代码 Codes	评价种次 No. of evaluations	很适应 Very adaptable (★★★)			适应 Adaptable (★★)			欠适应 Less adaptable (★)				不适应 Inadaptable (○)
代码 Codes	评价种次 No. of evaluations	种次 Evaluations	%	种次 Evaluations		%			种次 Evaluations		%		种次 Evaluations	%
A	178	13	7.3		106		59.6	40		22.5		19		10.7
A1	42	1	2.4		26		61.9	10		23.8		5		11.9
A21	23	.	.		15		65.2	5		21.7		3		13.0
A22	57	8	14.0		29		50.9	13		22.8		7		12.3
A23	29	2	7.0		19		65.5	5		17.2		3		10.3
A3	27	2	7.4		17		63.0	7		25.9		1		3.7
B	68	19	27.9		40		58.8	8		11.7		1		1.5
B11	38	16	42.1		20		52.6	1		2.6		1		2.6
B12	7	.	.		4		57.1	3		42.9		.		.
B13	10	3	30.0		6		60.0	1		10.0		.		.
B2	13	.	.		10		76.9	3		23.1		.		.
合计 Total	246	32	13.0		146		66.7	48		19.5		20		8.1

代码 Codes	评价种次 No. of evaluations	很适应 Very adaptable (★★★)			适应 Adaptable (★★)			欠适应 Less adaptable (★)				不适应 Inadaptable (○)
代码 Codes	评价种次 No. of evaluations	种次 Evaluations	%	种次 Evaluations		%			种次 Evaluations		%		种次 Evaluations	%
A	178	13	7.3		106		59.6	40		22.5		19		10.7
A1	42	1	2.4		26		61.9	10		23.8		5		11.9
A21	23	.	.		15		65.2	5		21.7		3		13.0
A22	57	8	14.0		29		50.9	13		22.8		7		12.3
A23	29	2	7.0		19		65.5	5		17.2		3		10.3
A3	27	2	7.4		17		63.0	7		25.9		1		3.7
B	68	19	27.9		40		58.8	8		11.7		1		1.5
B11	38	16	42.1		20		52.6	1		2.6		1		2.6
B12	7	.	.		4		57.1	3		42.9		.		.
B13	10	3	30.0		6		60.0	1		10.0		.		.
B2	13	.	.		10		76.9	3		23.1		.		.
合计 Total	246	32	13.0		146		66.7	48		19.5		20		8.1

校正海拔 Rectified elevation (m)	评价种次 No. of evaluations	很适应 Very adaptable (★★★)		适应 Adaptable (★★)		欠适应 Less adaptable (★)		不适应 Inadaptable (○)
校正海拔 Rectified elevation (m)	评价种次 No. of evaluations	种次 Evaluations	%	种次 Evaluations	%	种次 Evaluations	%	种次 Evaluations	%
<1,300	17	.	.	11	64.7	6	35.3	.	.
1,300-1,800	31	13	41.9	15	48.4	3	9.7	.	.
1,800-2,300	37	6	16.2	25	67.6	6	16.3	.	.
2,300-2,800	67	7	10.5	42	62.7	9	13.4	9	13.4
2,800-3,300	38	5	13.2	21	55.3	7	18.4	5	13.2
3,300-3,800	40	1	2.5	26	65.0	11	27.5	2	5.0
>3,800	16	.	.	6	37.5	6	37.5	4	25.0
合计 Total	246	32	13.0	146	66.7	48	19.5	20	8.1

校正海拔 Rectified elevation (m)	评价种次 No. of evaluations	很适应 Very adaptable (★★★)		适应 Adaptable (★★)		欠适应 Less adaptable (★)		不适应 Inadaptable (○)
校正海拔 Rectified elevation (m)	评价种次 No. of evaluations	种次 Evaluations	%	种次 Evaluations	%	种次 Evaluations	%	种次 Evaluations	%
<1,300	17	.	.	11	64.7	6	35.3	.	.
1,300-1,800	31	13	41.9	15	48.4	3	9.7	.	.
1,800-2,300	37	6	16.2	25	67.6	6	16.3	.	.
2,300-2,800	67	7	10.5	42	62.7	9	13.4	9	13.4
2,800-3,300	38	5	13.2	21	55.3	7	18.4	5	13.2
3,300-3,800	40	1	2.5	26	65.0	11	27.5	2	5.0
>3,800	16	.	.	6	37.5	6	37.5	4	25.0
合计 Total	246	32	13.0	146	66.7	48	19.5	20	8.1

代表种 Species	亚组 Subsect.	形态特征 Characteristic of morphology
波叶杜鹃 R. hemsleyanum ★★★	云锦杜鹃 Fortunea	小乔木, 叶大、无毛、花白色 Small tree, large leaves, usually glabrous, white flowers
早春杜鹃 R. praevernum ★★★	云锦杜鹃 Fortunea	小乔木, 叶较大、无毛, 花白色或带蔷薇色 Small tree, large leaves, usually glabrous, white or rose flowers
凸尖杜鹃 R. sinogrande ★★	大叶杜鹃 Grandia	乔木, 叶特大、叶面无毛、背面有毛, 花白色 Tree, extra large leaves, foliage hairless and back hairy, white flowers
大王杜鹃 R. rex ★★★	杯毛杜鹃 Falconera	小乔木, 叶大、叶面无毛、背面有毛, 花粉红 Small tree, large leaves, foliage hairless and back hairy, pink flowers
黄杯杜鹃 R. wardii ★★	弯果杜鹃 Campylocarpa	灌木, 叶中大、无毛, 花黄色 Shrub, medium large leaves, usually glabrous, yellow flowers
芒刺杜鹃 R. strigillosum ★★★	麻花杜鹃 Maculifera	大灌木, 叶大、被刚毛, 花深红 Large shrub, large leaves, usually setose, deep red flowers
窄叶杜鹃 R. araiophyllum ★★	露珠杜鹃 Irrorata	大灌木, 叶中大、背脉幼时被薄毛, 花玫瑰色 Large shrub, medium large leaves, abaxial midribs with thin indumentum when young, rose flowers
大钟杜鹃 R. ririei ★★	银叶杜鹃 Argyrophylla	小乔木, 叶较大、背面被薄层毛被, 花粉红色 Small tree, larger leaves, abaxial surface with thin indumentum, pink flowers
巴朗杜鹃 R. balangense ★★	大理杜鹃 Taliensia	大灌木, 叶较大、背面被毛易落, 花白色 Large shrub, larger leaves, abaxial surface with indumentum and usually deciduous, white flowers
粗脉杜鹃 R. coeloneurum ★★	大理杜鹃 Taliensia	小乔木, 叶较大、背面被毛易脱, 花粉红、淡紫 Small tree, larger leaves, abaxial surface with indumentum and usually deciduous, pink to purplish flowers
星毛杜鹃 R. kyawi ★★★	星毛杜鹃 Parishia	小乔木, 叶大、两面被毛易脱, 花深红色 Small tree, large leaves, both surfaces tomentose, usually deciduous, deep red flowers
血红杜鹃 R. sanguineum ★★	火红杜鹃 Neriiflora	小灌木, 叶中大、背面薄毛易脱, 花亮红色 Small shrub, medium large leaves, abaxial surface with thin indumentum and usually deciduous, bright red flowers
猴斑杜鹃 R. faucium ★★	蜜腺杜鹃 Thomsonia	小乔木, 叶中大、背面被疏绒毛, 花乳白或粉红 Small tree, medium large leaves, abaxial surface with sparse hairs, cream white or pink flowers
百合花杜鹃 R. liliiflorum ★★	有鳞大花 Maddenia	灌木, 叶较大、背面鳞片较稀, 花白色 Small shrub, larger leaves, abaxial surface with sparse scales, white flowers
黄花杜鹃 R.lutescens ★★	三花杜鹃 Triflora	灌木, 叶较大、背面鳞片较稀, 花黄色 Shrub, larger leaves, abaxial surface with sparse scales, yellow flowers
红棕杜鹃 R. rubiginosum ★★★	亮鳞杜鹃 Heliolepida	大灌木, 叶较大、背面鳞片散生, 花淡紫红 Large shrub, larger leaves, abaxial surface with sparse scales, pale purple flowers

杜鹃属植物迁地保育适应性评价

An assessment on the adaptability of Rhododendron plants under ex situ conservation

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A 中国-喜马拉雅森林植物亚区 Sino-Himalayan floristic subregion
A1 东喜马拉雅 The east Himalaya
A2 横断山区 Mts. Hengduan
A21 高黎贡山西坡(滇西雨屏带) The west of Mt. Gaoligong (West Yunnan Rainy Zone)
A22 三江并流区 Three River Zone
A23 川西高山峡谷 The west Sichuan Alpine
A3 云南高原边缘(金沙江峡谷区) Yunnan Altiplano (Jinsha River Canyon)
B 中国-日本森林植物亚区 Sino-Japanese floristic subregion
B1 华中区 The Central China
B11 四川盆周西缘山地(华西雨屏带) Mt. West Sichuan Basin (West China Rainy Zone)
B12 贵州西北部山原 The north-west Guizhou
B13 川、黔、鄂山区 Mts. Sichuan-Guizhou-Hubei
B2 华南区及华东区(南岭及庐山、井冈山) South China-east China (Mts. Nanling, Lushan and Jinggangshan)

A 中国-喜马拉雅森林植物亚区 Sino-Himalayan floristic subregion
A1 东喜马拉雅 The east Himalaya
A2 横断山区 Mts. Hengduan
A21 高黎贡山西坡(滇西雨屏带) The west of Mt. Gaoligong (West Yunnan Rainy Zone)
A22 三江并流区 Three River Zone
A23 川西高山峡谷 The west Sichuan Alpine
A3 云南高原边缘(金沙江峡谷区) Yunnan Altiplano (Jinsha River Canyon)
B 中国-日本森林植物亚区 Sino-Japanese floristic subregion
B1 华中区 The Central China
B11 四川盆周西缘山地(华西雨屏带) Mt. West Sichuan Basin (West China Rainy Zone)
B12 贵州西北部山原 The north-west Guizhou
B13 川、黔、鄂山区 Mts. Sichuan-Guizhou-Hubei
B2 华南区及华东区(南岭及庐山、井冈山) South China-east China (Mts. Nanling, Lushan and Jinggangshan)