伊犁河谷北坡野果林木本植物种间关系 及环境解释

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08211

生物多样性 ›› 2011, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (3): 335-342. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08211

伊犁河谷北坡野果林木本植物种间关系及环境解释

田中平¹, 庄丽¹^,^*(), 李建贵², 程模香¹

1 (石河子大学生命科学学院, 新疆石河子 832000)
2 (新疆农业大学林学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052)

收稿日期:2010-09-02 接受日期:2011-12-08 出版日期:2011-05-20 发布日期:2013-12-10
通讯作者: 庄丽
作者简介:*E-mail:zhuangliii@163.com
基金资助:
国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAC15B06);国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD26B0901);国家科技支撑计划项目(2007 BAC17B06);石河子大学项目(Q9yy200814);石河子大学项目(500002061602)

Interspecific and environmental relationships of woody plant species in wild fruit-tree forests on the north slope of Ili Valley

Zhongping Tian¹, Li Zhuang¹^,^*(), Jiangui Li², Moxiang Cheng¹

1 Institute of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000
2 Institute of Forest Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052

Received:2010-09-02 Accepted:2011-12-08 Online:2011-05-20 Published:2013-12-10
Contact: Li Zhuang

1. 附录I 伊犁河谷北坡野果林10个样地的基本环境因子概况和附录II 伊犁河谷北坡野果林10个样地的优势物种及其数量特征.pdf(69KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

伊犁河谷北坡野果林是天山山脉中一个重要的植被类型,对其种间关系进行研究将有助于揭示野果林群落的动态特征。我们于2009年在野果林的不同群落中设置了10个样地,记录了群落的物种组成以及环境因子,包括海拔、坡度和坡向, 测定了土壤含水率和有机质等土壤参数。采用χ²检验、Pearson相关系数和Spearman秩相关系数检验等方法, 对野果林乔木层和灌木层种间关联性进行了研究。结果表明: Pearson相关检验优于χ²检验, Spearman秩相关检验比Pearson相关检验更加灵敏; 乔木和灌木优势种绝大多数种对的联结关系未达到显著水平, 群落结构较为松散, 表明各群落可能处于演替的早期阶段; 在影响物种分布的环境因子中, 海拔起决定性的作用, 其次是坡向、土壤含水率、有机质、全氮和pH值。

关键词: 优势种群, 生态种组, 种间联结, 生态位重叠, 演替, 生态适应性, 环境解释

Abstract

The wild fruit-tree forest on the north slope of the Ili Valley is a living testament to the vegetative history of the Tianshan region. It is a type of broad-leaved forest appearing in the desert region. However, little is known about interspecific relationships among the major woody species or their process of succession. In 2009, we sampled 10 typical communities and investigated the abundance, height and coverage of woody plants as well as the topographical and soil conditions within each quadrat (20 m×20 m quadrats for trees, 10 m×10 m for shrubs). Interspecific associations were analyzed using continuity corrected χ² test, Pearson correlation and Spearman rank correlation. DCCA (detrended canonical correspondence analysis) was used to identify topographical and soil factors that affected woody plant distributions. The network diagram based on Pearson’s and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients displayed interspecific relationships clearly. There were negative associations among overall tree or shrub species, indicating a strong independent relationship between species. However, correlation coefficients of most species pairs were insignificant, a fact that may be related to the community’s developmental stage (the early succession stage) and the species’ ecological traits. Positive correlations among the abundance of dominant species were likely due to similar ecological tolerances. This assertion is also supported by our analyses of woody plant distributions and environmental factors. DCCA analysis showed that elevation was the most dominant factor affecting the plant distribution, followed by aspect, soil moisture, organic matter, total nitrogen.

Key words: dominant population, ecological species groups, interspecific relationship, niche overlap, succession, ecological adaptation, environmental interpretation

田中平, 庄丽, 李建贵, 程模香 (2011) 伊犁河谷北坡野果林木本植物种间关系及环境解释. 生物多样性, 19, 335-342. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08211.

Zhongping Tian, Li Zhuang, Jiangui Li, Moxiang Cheng (2011) Interspecific and environmental relationships of woody plant species in wild fruit-tree forests on the north slope of Ili Valley. Biodiversity Science, 19, 335-342. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08211.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08211

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2011/V19/I3/335

图/表 7

参考文献 33

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样地 Plot	经度 LONG (°)	纬度 LAT (°)	海拔 ELEV (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Aspect	土壤含水率 SM (%)	pH	电导率COND (μs/cm)	有机质 OM (g/kg)	全氮 TN (g/kg)	有效磷 AP (mg/kg)	有效钾 AK (mg/kg)
1	81.62	44.259	1,445	36.87	0.2425	23.67	7.58	150	61.51	2.77	5.01	298
2	81.62	44.259	1,435	44.43	0.0904	8.48	7.24	70	78.50	3.63	4.31	565
3	81.598	44.236	1,313	32	0.1343	17.58	7.39	170	135.38	6.09	22.58	1515
4	81.598	44.235	1,367	23.56	0.3372	7.49	7.53	120	36.92	1.68	2.93	265
5	81.598	44.235	1,376	23.56	0.9532	10.20	7.29	110	78.91	3.53	4.73	430
6	81.598	44.317	1,204	40	0.7500	5.51	7.48	100	17.77	0.86	2.93	306
7	81.598	44.15	1,205	35	0.9981	3.50	7.43	70	30.25	1.92	10.68	241
8	81.598	44.15	1,214	36.87	0.3875	3.07	7.62	90	9.52	0.47	2.65	93
9	81.598	44.15	1,142	40	0.8830	2.47	7.63	120	14.11	0.75	10.4	148
10	81.598	44.15	1,139	30	1.0000	2.17	7.85	100	23.52	1.08	2.1	175

样地 Plot	经度 LONG (°)	纬度 LAT (°)	海拔 ELEV (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Aspect	土壤含水率 SM (%)	pH	电导率COND (μs/cm)	有机质 OM (g/kg)	全氮 TN (g/kg)	有效磷 AP (mg/kg)	有效钾 AK (mg/kg)
1	81.62	44.259	1,445	36.87	0.2425	23.67	7.58	150	61.51	2.77	5.01	298
2	81.62	44.259	1,435	44.43	0.0904	8.48	7.24	70	78.50	3.63	4.31	565
3	81.598	44.236	1,313	32	0.1343	17.58	7.39	170	135.38	6.09	22.58	1515
4	81.598	44.235	1,367	23.56	0.3372	7.49	7.53	120	36.92	1.68	2.93	265
5	81.598	44.235	1,376	23.56	0.9532	10.20	7.29	110	78.91	3.53	4.73	430
6	81.598	44.317	1,204	40	0.7500	5.51	7.48	100	17.77	0.86	2.93	306
7	81.598	44.15	1,205	35	0.9981	3.50	7.43	70	30.25	1.92	10.68	241
8	81.598	44.15	1,214	36.87	0.3875	3.07	7.62	90	9.52	0.47	2.65	93
9	81.598	44.15	1,142	40	0.8830	2.47	7.63	120	14.11	0.75	10.4	148
10	81.598	44.15	1,139	30	1.0000	2.17	7.85	100	23.52	1.08	2.1	175

样地号 Plot	种名 Species	种号 Species No.	多度 Abundance	平均高度 Average height (m)	总盖度 Coverage (%)
1	天山桦 Betula tianschanica	Sp1	6	7.44	40.40
	山杨 Populus davidiana	Sp2	6	4.95	36.55
	天山花楸 Sorbus tianschanica	Sp3	1	7.00	1.88
	黄果山楂 Crataegus chlorocarpa	Sp4	1	4.00	9.00
	刚毛忍冬 Lonicera hispida	Sp8	1	1.60	3.61
	梨果栒子 Cotoneaster roborowskii	Sp9	1	2.00	3.60
	腺齿蔷薇 Rosa albertii	Sp10	4	0.98	4.76
2	天山桦 Betula tianschanica	Sp1	21	8.47	130.55
	黄果山楂 Crataegus chlorocarpa	Sp4	1	1.60	1.27
	梨果栒子 Cotoneaster roborowskii	Sp9	1	1.57	4.93
3	金丝桃叶绣线菊 Spiraea hypericifolia	Sp11	15	0.57	11.93
	刚毛忍冬 Lonicera hispida	Sp8	5	0.65	7.28
	野杏 Armeniaca vulgaris	Sp5	4	3.68	24.32
	天山桦 Betula tianschanica	Sp1	2	3.14	45.00
	腺齿蔷薇 Rosa albertii	Sp10	12	0.81	34.12
	野苹果 Malus sieversii	Sp6	4	1.64	4.47
	红果小檗 Berberis nummularia	Sp12	1	0.37	0.16
	大果栒子 Cotoneaster megalocarpus	Sp13	1	0.67	7.35
	山杨 Populus davidiana	Sp 2	1	2.16	3.01
	复盆子 Rubus idaeus	Sp14	56	0.31	22.86
4	野杏 Armeniaca vulgaris	Sp5	16	3.71	22.16
	伊犁忍冬 Lonicera iliensis	Sp15	2	1.67	2.15
	刚毛忍冬 L. hispida	Sp8	5	1.30	2.71
	红果小檗 Berberis nummularia	Sp12	30	0.68	33.11
	金丝桃叶绣线菊 Spiraea hypericifolia	Sp11	44	0.78	39.78
	梨果栒子 Cotoneaster roborowskii	Sp9	2	0.85	0.09
5	野杏 Armeniaca vulgaris	Sp5	14	1.43	33.68
	天山樱桃 Cerasus tianschanica	Sp7	10	0.95	13.38
	伊犁忍冬 Lonicera iliensis	Sp15	19	1.90	41.55
	金丝桃叶绣线菊 Spiraea hypericifolia	Sp11	57	0.71	11.39
6	金丝桃叶绣线菊 S. hypericifolia	Sp11	14	0.36	5.12
	天山樱桃 Cerasus tianschanica	Sp7	143	0.22	0.96
	天山绣线菊 Spiraea tianschanica	Sp16	1	0.62	0.55
7	金丝桃叶绣线菊 S. hypericifolia	Sp11	8	0.68	7.02
	美丽木蓼 Atraphaxis decipiens	Sp17	1	1.56	1.21
	天山樱桃 Cerasus tianschanica	Sp7	245	0.16	1.20
8	天山樱桃 C. tianschanica	Sp7	161	0.14	0.62
	金丝桃叶绣线菊 Spiraea hypericifolia	Sp11	8	0.66	4.01
	美丽木蓼 Atraphaxis decipiens	Sp17	4	0.32	0.56
9	金丝桃叶绣线菊 Spiraea hypericifolia	Sp11	12	0.27	2.10
	美丽木蓼 Atraphaxis decipiens	Sp17	21	0.19	2.12
	梨叶木蓼 A. pyrifolia	Sp18	1	0.10	0.01
10	美丽木蓼 A. decipiens	Sp17	20	0.23	2.68
	天山樱桃 Cerasus tianschanica	Sp7	5	0.05	40.00
	金丝桃叶绣线菊 Spiraea hypericifolia	Sp11	1	0.23	0.14

样地号 Plot	种名 Species	种号 Species No.	多度 Abundance	平均高度 Average height (m)	总盖度 Coverage (%)
1	天山桦 Betula tianschanica	Sp1	6	7.44	40.40
	山杨 Populus davidiana	Sp2	6	4.95	36.55
	天山花楸 Sorbus tianschanica	Sp3	1	7.00	1.88
	黄果山楂 Crataegus chlorocarpa	Sp4	1	4.00	9.00
	刚毛忍冬 Lonicera hispida	Sp8	1	1.60	3.61
	梨果栒子 Cotoneaster roborowskii	Sp9	1	2.00	3.60
	腺齿蔷薇 Rosa albertii	Sp10	4	0.98	4.76
2	天山桦 Betula tianschanica	Sp1	21	8.47	130.55
	黄果山楂 Crataegus chlorocarpa	Sp4	1	1.60	1.27
	梨果栒子 Cotoneaster roborowskii	Sp9	1	1.57	4.93
3	金丝桃叶绣线菊 Spiraea hypericifolia	Sp11	15	0.57	11.93
	刚毛忍冬 Lonicera hispida	Sp8	5	0.65	7.28
	野杏 Armeniaca vulgaris	Sp5	4	3.68	24.32
	天山桦 Betula tianschanica	Sp1	2	3.14	45.00
	腺齿蔷薇 Rosa albertii	Sp10	12	0.81	34.12
	野苹果 Malus sieversii	Sp6	4	1.64	4.47
	红果小檗 Berberis nummularia	Sp12	1	0.37	0.16
	大果栒子 Cotoneaster megalocarpus	Sp13	1	0.67	7.35
	山杨 Populus davidiana	Sp 2	1	2.16	3.01
	复盆子 Rubus idaeus	Sp14	56	0.31	22.86
4	野杏 Armeniaca vulgaris	Sp5	16	3.71	22.16
	伊犁忍冬 Lonicera iliensis	Sp15	2	1.67	2.15
	刚毛忍冬 L. hispida	Sp8	5	1.30	2.71
	红果小檗 Berberis nummularia	Sp12	30	0.68	33.11
	金丝桃叶绣线菊 Spiraea hypericifolia	Sp11	44	0.78	39.78
	梨果栒子 Cotoneaster roborowskii	Sp9	2	0.85	0.09
5	野杏 Armeniaca vulgaris	Sp5	14	1.43	33.68
	天山樱桃 Cerasus tianschanica	Sp7	10	0.95	13.38
	伊犁忍冬 Lonicera iliensis	Sp15	19	1.90	41.55
	金丝桃叶绣线菊 Spiraea hypericifolia	Sp11	57	0.71	11.39
6	金丝桃叶绣线菊 S. hypericifolia	Sp11	14	0.36	5.12
	天山樱桃 Cerasus tianschanica	Sp7	143	0.22	0.96
	天山绣线菊 Spiraea tianschanica	Sp16	1	0.62	0.55
7	金丝桃叶绣线菊 S. hypericifolia	Sp11	8	0.68	7.02
	美丽木蓼 Atraphaxis decipiens	Sp17	1	1.56	1.21
	天山樱桃 Cerasus tianschanica	Sp7	245	0.16	1.20
8	天山樱桃 C. tianschanica	Sp7	161	0.14	0.62
	金丝桃叶绣线菊 Spiraea hypericifolia	Sp11	8	0.66	4.01
	美丽木蓼 Atraphaxis decipiens	Sp17	4	0.32	0.56
9	金丝桃叶绣线菊 Spiraea hypericifolia	Sp11	12	0.27	2.10
	美丽木蓼 Atraphaxis decipiens	Sp17	21	0.19	2.12
	梨叶木蓼 A. pyrifolia	Sp18	1	0.10	0.01
10	美丽木蓼 A. decipiens	Sp17	20	0.23	2.68
	天山樱桃 Cerasus tianschanica	Sp7	5	0.05	40.00
	金丝桃叶绣线菊 Spiraea hypericifolia	Sp11	1	0.23	0.14

	检验方法 Tests	正相关 Positive				负相关 Negative
	检验方法 Tests	极显著 Extremely significant (P≤0.01)	显著 Significant (P≤0.05)	不显著 NS (P>0.05)	总数Sum	极显著 Distinctly significant (P≤0.01)	显著 Significant (P≤0.05)	不显著 NS (P>0.05)	总数 Sum
乔木层 Tree layer	χ²检验 χ²-test	0	0	11	11	0	0	10	10
	Pearson相关系数 Pearson’s correlation coefficient	2	1	5	8	0	0	13	13
	Spearman相关系数 Spearman’s correlation coefficient	2	0	8	10	1	0	10	11
灌木层 Shrub layer	χ²检验 χ²-test	0	0	24	24	0	0	31	31
	Pearson相关系数 Pearson’s correlation coefficient	11	1	2	14	0	0	41	41
	Spearman秩相关系数 Spearman’s correlation coefficient	12	0	12	24	1	0	30	31

伊犁河谷北坡野果林木本植物种间关系及环境解释

Interspecific and environmental relationships of woody plant species in wild fruit-tree forests on the north slope of Ili Valley

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生态种组 Ecological species groups	物种 Species	主要生境因子 Habitat factor
生态种组 Ecological species groups	物种 Species	阳光 Sunlight	水分 Water	营养 Nutrition
第一组 First groups	天山桦、山杨、天山花楸、黄果山楂、杏、刚毛忍冬、梨果栒子、腺齿蔷薇、红果小檗、大果栒子、复盆子、伊犁忍冬 Betula tianschanica, Populus davidiana, Sorbus tianschanica, Crataegus chlorocarpa, Armeniaca vulgaris, Lonicera hispida, Cotoneaster roborowskii, Rosa albertii, Berberis nummularia, Cotoneaster megalocarpus, Rubus idaeus, Lonicera iliensis	不足 Insufficient	充足 Abundant	充足 Abundant
第二组 Second groups	新疆野苹果、天山樱桃、金丝桃叶绣线菊、天山绣线菊、美丽木蓼、梨叶木蓼 Malus sieversii, Cerasus tianschanica, Spiraea hypericifolia, S. tianschanica, Atraphaxis decipiens, A. pyrifolia	充足 Abundant	不足 Insufficient	不足 Insufficient

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伊犁河谷北坡野果林木本植物种间关系 及环境解释

Interspecific and environmental relationships of woody plant species in wild fruit-tree forests on the north slope of Ili Valley

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伊犁河谷北坡野果林木本植物种间关系及环境解释