怒江河谷低海拔地区残存原生植被中兰科植物多样性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.04238

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解怒江河谷低海拔地区的生物多样性, 我们以兰科植物为例, 对怒江河谷贡山和福贡段海拔1,600 m以下的4片残留原生植被中的兰科植物多样性和受威胁状况进行了调查。通过4次野外路线法考察和相关的室内标本研究, 发现这些残存的森林中兰科植物多样性非常丰富, 目前已记录33个属60种兰科植物, 其中附生兰为42种, 地生兰为18种。在已鉴定的物种中, 一种毛兰属植物(Eria sp.)为中国新记录种或新种, 疣花三角兰(Trias verrucosa)为怒江河谷特有, 洛氏羊耳蒜(Liparis rockii)为怒江河谷和独龙江河谷所特有, 杓兰属一种(Cypripedium sp.)、盆距兰(Gastrochilus calceolaris)、羽唇兰(Ornitochilus difformis)、带叶兰(Taeniophyllum glandulosum)、匙萼卷瓣兰(Bulbophyllum spathulatum)、短穗竹茎兰(Tropidia curculigoides)、卵叶火烧兰(Epipactis royleana)等为本区域新记录种。这些兰科植物面临的主要威胁为生境破碎化、生境质量下降和生境丧失。我们建议尽快开展该地区生物多样性调查和濒危状况评估, 并制定和实施有效的保护措施。

关键词: 横断山地区, 怒江河谷, 生物多样性, 残留原生植被, 兰科植物, 保护措施

Abstract

The biodiversity of low elevation portions of Nujiang Valley has largely been ignored. Here, we illustrate the biodiversity richness of this region using the orchid flora as an example. We investigated orchid species diversity in remnant forests at four sites below 1,600 m elevation along the Nujiang River. In total, at least 60 species in 33 genera were recorded at these four sites, including one species (Eria sp.) that is either undescribed or new to the Chinese flora, two locally endemic species (Trias verrucosa and Liparis rockii), and seven species not previously recorded in this region, i.e. Cypripedium sp., Gastrochilus calceolaris, Ornitochilus difformis, Taeniophyllum glandulosum, Bulbophyllum spathulatum, Tropidia curculigoides, and Epipactis royleana. Major threats to these orchids include habitat fragmentation and loss. Our results highlight the urgent need for field surveys of this region’s biodiversity. We present strategies to conserve biodiversity in this region.

Key words: biodiversity, conservation strategy, Hengduan Mountains, Nujiang River, orchid diversity, remnant primary forest

金效华, 向小果, 陈彬 (2011) 怒江河谷低海拔地区残存原生植被中兰科植物多样性. 生物多样性, 19, 120-123. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.04238.

Xiaohua Jin, Xiaoguo Xiang, Bin Chen (2011) Biodiversity of orchids in remnant native forests in Nujiang Valley, Yunnan Province, China. Biodiversity Science, 19, 120-123. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.04238.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.04238

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2011/V19/I1/120

图/表 5

参考文献 6

[1]	Chen SC, Liu ZJ, Zhu GH, Lang KY, Tsi ZH, Luo YB, Jin XH, Philip JC, Wood JJ, Gale SW, Ormerod P, Vermeulen JJ, Wood HP, Clayton D, Bell A (2009) Flora of China, Vol. 25 (Orchidaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press,St. Louis.
[2]	Mittermeier RA, Gil PR, Hoffman M, Pilgrim J, Brooks T, Mittermeier CG, Lamoreux J, da Fonseca GAB (2005) Hotspots Revisited: Earth’s Biologically Richest and Most Endangered Terrestrial Ecoregions. Cemex, Conservation International and Agrupacion Sierra Madre, Monterrey, Mexico.
[3]	Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, da Fonseca GAB, Kent J (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403,853-858. DOI URL PMID
[4]	Wu CY (1988) Hengduan Mountains flora and her significance. Journal of Japanese Botany, 63,297-311.
[5]	Ying TS (应俊生) (2001) Species diversity and distribution pattern of seed plants in China. Biodiversity Science (生物多样性), 9,393-398. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]	Zhang RZ (张荣祖), Zheng D (郑度), Yang QY (杨勤叶), Liu YH (刘燕华) (1997) Physical Geography of Hengduan Mountains (横断山区自然地理). Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)

调查地点 Sites	位置 Location	海拔 Elevation (m)	面积 Area	调查时间 Fieldwork time
毕毕里 Bibili	贡山县捧当 Pengdang, Gongshan County	1,550	~5 ha	May, 2008 July, 2008 May, 2010
禾波 Hebo	贡山县普拉底禾波 Puladi, Gongshan County	1,450	~20 ha	May, 2010
木加里 Mujiali	福贡县马吉 Maji, Fugong County	1,400	~3 ha	Dec., 2007 Nov., 2008 May, 2010
石门关 Stone Gate	贡山县丙中洛四季通 Sijitong, Bingzhongluo, Gongshan County	1,600	~5 ha	Dec., 2007

调查地点 Sites	位置 Location	海拔 Elevation (m)	面积 Area	调查时间 Fieldwork time
毕毕里 Bibili	贡山县捧当 Pengdang, Gongshan County	1,550	~5 ha	May, 2008 July, 2008 May, 2010
禾波 Hebo	贡山县普拉底禾波 Puladi, Gongshan County	1,450	~20 ha	May, 2010
木加里 Mujiali	福贡县马吉 Maji, Fugong County	1,400	~3 ha	Dec., 2007 Nov., 2008 May, 2010
石门关 Stone Gate	贡山县丙中洛四季通 Sijitong, Bingzhongluo, Gongshan County	1,600	~5 ha	Dec., 2007

调查地点 Sites	主要威胁 Major threats	影响程度 Impact degree
毕毕里 Bibili	放牧(主要是羊)、薪材砍伐 Grazing (mainly by goats) and firewood	非常严重 Severe
禾波 Hebo	薪材砍伐、草果种植、开荒 Firewood, cultivation of crop	非常严重 Severe
木加里 Mujiali	薪材砍伐 Firewood	一般 Common
石门关 Stone Gate	无 None	无 None

调查地点 Sites	主要威胁 Major threats	影响程度 Impact degree
毕毕里 Bibili	放牧(主要是羊)、薪材砍伐 Grazing (mainly by goats) and firewood	非常严重 Severe
禾波 Hebo	薪材砍伐、草果种植、开荒 Firewood, cultivation of crop	非常严重 Severe
木加里 Mujiali	薪材砍伐 Firewood	一般 Common
石门关 Stone Gate	无 None	无 None

物种 Species		分布 Distribution	数量 (丛或株) Number of clusters or individuals	习性 Habit
大苞石豆兰	Bulbophyllum cylindraceum	西南广布 Widespread in SW China	大于10丛 More than 10 clusters	E
圆叶石豆兰	B. drymoglossum	广布 Widespread	大于10丛 More than 10 clusters	E
葡茎石豆兰	B. emarginatum	广布 Widespread	大于10丛 More than 10 clusters	E
长足石豆兰	B. pectinatum	广布 Widespread	大于10丛 More than 10 clusters	E
伏生石豆兰	B. reptans	广布 Widespread	大于10丛 More than 10 clusters	E
石豆兰一种	Bulbophyllum sp.	未知 Unknown	2丛 2 clusters	E
匙萼卷瓣兰	B. spathulatum	热带地区 Tropics	1丛 1 cluster	E
伞花卷瓣兰	B. umbellatum	广布 Widespread	大于10丛 More than 10 clusters	E
蜂腰兰	Bulleyia yunnanensis	广布 Widespread	大于30丛 More than 30 clusters	E
剑叶虾脊兰	Calanthe alismatifolia	广布 Widespread	大于20丛 More than 20 clusters	T
虾脊兰一种	Calanthe sp.	未知 Widespread	大于10丛 More than 10 clusters	T
大序隔距兰	Cleisostoma paniculatum	热带地区 Tropics	15丛 More than 15 clusters	E
大叶隔距兰	C. racemiferum	热带地区 Tropics	2丛 More than 2 clusters	E
卵叶贝母兰	Coelogyne ovalis	广布 Widespread	大于10丛 More than 10 clusters	E
疣鞘贝母兰	C. schultesii	广布 Widespread	大于10丛 More than 10 clusters	E
台湾吻兰	Collabium formosanum	广布 Widespread	大于10丛 More than 10 clusters	T
建兰	Cymbdium ensifolium	广布 Widespread	大于10丛 More than 10 clusters	E
多花兰	C. floribundum	广布 Widespread	大于10丛 More than 10 clusters	E
春兰	C. goeringii	广布 Widespread	大于10丛 More than 10 clusters	T
兔耳兰	C. lancifolium	广布 Widespread	大于10丛 More than 10 clusters	T
西藏虎头兰	C. tracyanum	广布 Widespread	大于20丛 More than 20 clusters	E
杓兰属一种	Cypripedium sp.	未知 Unknown	2个居群约定50株 About 50 individuals in two populations	T
束花石斛	Denbrobium chrysanthum	广布 Widespread	大于10丛 More than 10 clusters	E
金耳石斛	D. hookerianum	广布 Widespread	大于10丛 More than 10 clusters	E
细茎石斛	D. moniliforme	广布 Widespread	3丛 3 clusters	E
石斛	D. nobile	广布 Widespread	3丛 3 clusters	E
宽叶厚唇兰	Epigeneium amplum	广布 Widespread	大于20丛 More than 20 clusters	E
卵叶火烧兰	Epipactis royleana	喜马拉雅地区 Pan-Himalayas	大于20丛 More than 20 clusters	T
足茎毛兰	Eria coronaira	广布 Widespread	大于20丛 More than 20 clusters	E
三脊毛兰	E. cristata	主要分布 Distribution centre	大于100丛 More than 100 clusters	E
毛兰一种 (新种或新记录种)	Eria sp.	怒江和独龙江河谷 Valleys of Dulong and Nujiang rivers	大于10丛 More than 10 clusters
密花毛兰	E. spicata	广布 Widespread	大于2丛 More than 2 clusters	E
滇金石斛	Flickingeria albopurpurea	主要分布在怒江河谷 Mainly in Nujiang Valley	大于50丛 More than 50 clusters	E
盆距兰	Gastrochilus calceolaris	广布热带地区 Widespread in tropics	大于20丛 More than 20 clusters	E
斑叶兰	Goodyera schlechtendaliana	广布 Widespread	大于20株 More than 20 individuals	T
斑叶兰一种	Goodyera sp.	未知 Unknown	大于20株 More than 20 individuals	T
扇唇舌喙兰	Hemipilia flabellata	广布 Widespread	大于20株 More than 20 individuals	T
镰翅羊耳蒜	Liparis bootanensis	广布 Widespread	大于20丛 More than 20 individuals	E
丛生羊耳蒜	L. cespitosa	广布 Widespread	大于10株 More than 10 individuals	E
心叶羊耳蒜	L. cordifolia	广布 Widespread	大于20株 More than 20 individuals	T
见血清	L. nervosa	广布 Widespread	大于20株 More than 20 individuals	T
羊耳蒜一种	Liparis sp.	未知 Unknown	5株 5 individuals	E
洛氏羊耳蒜	L. rockii	怒江和独龙江峡谷特有 Endemic to valleys of Nujiang and Dulong rivers	20 丛 More than 20 clusters	T
叉子股一种	Luisia sp.	未知 Unknown	4丛 4 clusters
鸢尾兰一种	Oberonia sp.	未知 Unknown	2丛 2 clusters	E
羽唇兰	Ornitochilus difformis	西南热带和亚热带地区 Widespread in southwest tropical and subtropical regions	6丛 6 clusters	E
狭叶耳唇兰	Otochilus fuscus	西南亚热带地区 Widespread in southwest tropical and subtropical regions	大于20丛 More than 20 clusters	E
黄花鹤顶兰	Phaius flavus	西南热带和亚热带地区 Widespread in southwest tropical and subtropical region	3丛 3 clusters	T
鹤顶兰	P. tancarvilleae	西南热带和亚热带地区 Widespread in southwest tropical and subtropical regions	3丛 3 clusters	E
节茎石仙桃	Pholidota articulata	西南热带和亚热带地区 Widespread in southwest tropical and subtropical regions	大于20丛 More than 20 clusters	E
岩生石仙桃	P. rupestris	西南亚热带地区 Widespread in southwest subtropical region	大于20丛 More than 20 clusters	E
圆叶匙唇兰	Schoenorchis gemmata	热带地区 Tropics	大于10丛 More than 10 clusters	E
绶草	Spiranthes sinensis	广布 Widespread	大于20株 More than 20 individuals	T
带叶兰	Taeniophyllum glandulosum	西南热带和亚热带地区 Widespread in southwest tropical and subtropical regions	大于20丛 More than 20 clusters	E
滇南带唇兰	Tainia minor	西南热带和亚热带地区 Widespread in southwest tropical and subtropical region	大于20株 More than 20 individuals	T
矮柱兰	Thelasis khasiana	西南热带和亚热带地区 Widespread in southwest tropical and subtropical regions	大于20株 More than 20 individuals	E
疣花三角兰	Trias verrovusa	怒江峡谷特有 Endemic to the valley of Nujiang River	2丛 2 clusters	E
短穗竹茎兰	Tropidia curculigoides	Tropics	1株 1 individual	E
白花拟万代兰	Vandopsis undulata	西南热带和亚热带地区 Widespread in southwest tropical and subtropical regions	约10株 About 10 individuals	E
黄花线柱兰	Zeuxine flava	西南热带和亚热带地区 Widespread in southwest tropical and subtropical regions	约100株 About 100 individuals	T
白肋线柱兰	Z. goodyeroides	西南热带和亚热带地区 Widespread in southwest tropical and subtropical regions	约20株 About 20 individuals	T