湄洲湾潮间带底栖生物多样性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.161

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了了解福建省湄洲湾潮间带底栖生物的物种多样性、数量时空分布及群落结构现状, 2005年11月和2006年4月在湄洲湾潮间带选择了灵川(Mch1)、苏厝(Mch2)、郭厝(Mch3)、东吴(Mch4)和东桥(Mch5)5条断面进行了调查。共鉴定潮间带底栖生物225种, 其中多毛类、软体动物和甲壳动物占总种数的88.00%, 三者构成潮间带底栖生物的主要类群。断面间比较, 东桥断面种数较多, 苏厝断面较少。季节比较, 春季各断面种类较秋季多。平均生物量22.91 g/m², 以软体动物居第一位, 甲壳动物居第二位; 平均栖息密度为388个/m², 以多毛类居第一位, 软体动物居第二位。生物量以中潮区>低潮区>高潮区; 栖息密度以低潮区>中潮区>高潮区。调查结果显示湄洲湾潮间带底栖生物物种多样性较高, 群落结构相对稳定。

关键词: 滨海湿地, 生态, 群落结构

Abstract

In order to understand the biological diversity and the stability of intertidal communities in Meizhou Bay, and to conduct assessement on the environmental quality, we investigated the benthic diversity in Meizhou Bay, Fujian Province in November 2005 and April 2006. A total of 225 species of intertidal benthos from shore wetlands in Meizhou Bay was reported. Polychaetes, Molluscs and Crustaceans accounted for 88% of all species. The number of benthic species differed between transects and was greater in spring than autumn. Average biomass and density were 22.91 g/m² and 388 inds./m², respectively. In terms of biomass, Molluscs exhibited the highest and Crustaceans the second, and in terms of density Polychaetes showed highest, followed by Molluscs. Biomass of middle tidal zones was higher than that of high or low tidal zones. Density of benthic invertebrates among tidal zones, ranked from highest to lowest, was as follows: low tidal zone, middle tidal zone, and high tidal zone. Both biomass and density were lowest in the high tidal zone. Both biomass and density were higher in spring than in autumn. Using the ABC (abundance biomass comparison) curve to analyze the structure of the intertidal community in Meizhou Bay, it was found that the overall disturbance is not apparent. The results suggest that this area retains some of its environmental carrying capacity.

Key words: shore wetlands, ecology, community structure

黄雅琴, 李荣冠, 王建军, 郑成兴, 郑凤武, 林俊辉, 江锦祥, 李淑珠 (2010) 湄洲湾潮间带底栖生物多样性. 生物多样性, 18, 156-161. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.161.

Yaqin Huang, Rongguan Li, Jianjun Wang, Chengxing Zheng, Fengwu Zheng, Junhui Lin, Jinxiang Jiang, Shuzhu Li (2010) Intertidal benthos diversity in the Meizhou Bay, Fujian Province. Biodiversity Science, 18, 156-161. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.161.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.161

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2010/V18/I2/156

图/表 6

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季节 Season	断面 Transect	物种数 Total species	Margalef物种丰富度指数 Margalef species richness index(d)	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′)	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (J)	优势度指数 Simpson dominance index (C)
秋季 Autumn	灵川 Lingchuan (Mch1)	61	8.16	3.13	0.761	0.1010
	苏厝 Sucuo (Mch2)	41	5.56	2.93	0.789	0.0913
	郭厝 Guocuo (Mch3)	49	6.85	3.32	0.853	0.0585
	东吴 Dongwu (Mch4)	47	6.26	2.88	0.747	0.1020
	东桥 Dongqiao (Mch5)	46	6.36	3.21	0.838	0.0609
春季 Spring	灵川 Lingchuan (Mch1)	68	8.18	2.04	0.483	0.3790
	苏厝 Sucuo (Mch2)	59	7.55	2.51	0.615	0.2030
	郭厝 Guocuo (Mch3)	67	8.58	3.37	0.802	0.0567
	东吴 Dongwu (Mch4)	81	10.50	3.61	0.822	0.0494
	东桥 Dongqiao (Mch5)	77	9.62	3.36	0.775	0.0674

季节 Season	断面 Transect	物种数 Total species	Margalef物种丰富度指数 Margalef species richness index(d)	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′)	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (J)	优势度指数 Simpson dominance index (C)
秋季 Autumn	灵川 Lingchuan (Mch1)	61	8.16	3.13	0.761	0.1010
	苏厝 Sucuo (Mch2)	41	5.56	2.93	0.789	0.0913
	郭厝 Guocuo (Mch3)	49	6.85	3.32	0.853	0.0585
	东吴 Dongwu (Mch4)	47	6.26	2.88	0.747	0.1020
	东桥 Dongqiao (Mch5)	46	6.36	3.21	0.838	0.0609
春季 Spring	灵川 Lingchuan (Mch1)	68	8.18	2.04	0.483	0.3790
	苏厝 Sucuo (Mch2)	59	7.55	2.51	0.615	0.2030
	郭厝 Guocuo (Mch3)	67	8.58	3.37	0.802	0.0567
	东吴 Dongwu (Mch4)	81	10.50	3.61	0.822	0.0494
	东桥 Dongqiao (Mch5)	77	9.62	3.36	0.775	0.0674

物种 Species	秋季 Autumn	春季 Spring	物种 Species	秋季 Autumn	春季 Spring
环节动物门 Annelida			似蛰虫 Amaeana trilobata	+	+
背褶沙蚕 Tambalagamia fauveli	+		树蛰虫 Pista cristata	+	+
拟突齿沙蚕 Paraleonnates uschakovi	+	+	软体动物门 Mollusca
长吻吻沙蚕 Glycera chirori	+	+	刀明樱蛤 Moerella culter	+	+
寡节甘吻沙蚕 Glycinde gurjanvoae	+	+	缢蛏 Sinonovacula constricta		+
多鳃卷吻沙蚕 Nephtys polybranchia	+		菲律宾蛤仔 Ruditapes philippinarum		+
寡鳃卷吻沙蚕 N. oliobranchia	+	+	渤海鸭嘴蛤 Laternula(Exolaternula)marilina		+
无叉矛毛虫 Phylo kupfferi	+	+	短拟沼螺 Assiminea brevicula	+	+
丝鳃稚齿虫 Prionospio malmgreni	+	+	珠带拟蟹守螺 Cerithidea cingulata	+	+
独毛虫一种 Tharyxsp.	+	+	秀丽织纹螺 Nassarius(Reticunassa)festivus	+	+
中蚓虫一种 Mediomastussp.	+	+	泥螺 Bullacta exarata	+	+
异蚓虫一种 Heteromastussp.	+	+	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
毡毛岩虫 Marphysa stragulun	+	+	塞切尔泥钩虾 Eriopisella sechellensis	+	+
特矶蚕 Euniphysa aculeata	+	+	廉形叶钩虾 Jassa falacata		+
纳加索沙蚕 Lumbrineris nagae	+	+	哥伦比亚刀钩虾 Aoroiudes columbiae		+
异足索沙蚕 L. heteropoda	+		日本大螯蜚 Grandidierella japonica	+	+
四索沙蚕 L. tetraura	+	+	角突麦杆虫 Caprella scaura		+
双唇索沙蚕 L. cruzensis	+	+	模糊新短眼蟹 Neoxenophthalmus obscurus	+	+
不倒翁虫 Sternaspis scutata	+	+	弧边招潮 Uca(Deltuca)arcuata	+	+
梳鳃虫 Terebellides stroemii	+	+	秀丽长方蟹 Metaplax elegans	+	+

物种 Species	秋季 Autumn	春季 Spring	物种 Species	秋季 Autumn	春季 Spring
环节动物门 Annelida			似蛰虫 Amaeana trilobata	+	+
背褶沙蚕 Tambalagamia fauveli	+		树蛰虫 Pista cristata	+	+
拟突齿沙蚕 Paraleonnates uschakovi	+	+	软体动物门 Mollusca
长吻吻沙蚕 Glycera chirori	+	+	刀明樱蛤 Moerella culter	+	+
寡节甘吻沙蚕 Glycinde gurjanvoae	+	+	缢蛏 Sinonovacula constricta		+
多鳃卷吻沙蚕 Nephtys polybranchia	+		菲律宾蛤仔 Ruditapes philippinarum		+
寡鳃卷吻沙蚕 N. oliobranchia	+	+	渤海鸭嘴蛤 Laternula(Exolaternula)marilina		+
无叉矛毛虫 Phylo kupfferi	+	+	短拟沼螺 Assiminea brevicula	+	+
丝鳃稚齿虫 Prionospio malmgreni	+	+	珠带拟蟹守螺 Cerithidea cingulata	+	+
独毛虫一种 Tharyxsp.	+	+	秀丽织纹螺 Nassarius(Reticunassa)festivus	+	+
中蚓虫一种 Mediomastussp.	+	+	泥螺 Bullacta exarata	+	+
异蚓虫一种 Heteromastussp.	+	+	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
毡毛岩虫 Marphysa stragulun	+	+	塞切尔泥钩虾 Eriopisella sechellensis	+	+
特矶蚕 Euniphysa aculeata	+	+	廉形叶钩虾 Jassa falacata		+
纳加索沙蚕 Lumbrineris nagae	+	+	哥伦比亚刀钩虾 Aoroiudes columbiae		+
异足索沙蚕 L. heteropoda	+		日本大螯蜚 Grandidierella japonica	+	+
四索沙蚕 L. tetraura	+	+	角突麦杆虫 Caprella scaura		+
双唇索沙蚕 L. cruzensis	+	+	模糊新短眼蟹 Neoxenophthalmus obscurus	+	+
不倒翁虫 Sternaspis scutata	+	+	弧边招潮 Uca(Deltuca)arcuata	+	+
梳鳃虫 Terebellides stroemii	+	+	秀丽长方蟹 Metaplax elegans	+	+