分类多样性在大型底栖动物生态学方面的应用: 以黄海底栖动物为例

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.155

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据文献资料, 系统整理了黄海大型底栖动物物种名录, 并得到了其平均分类差异指数和分类差异变异指数的理论平均值及95%置信区间漏斗图。结果表明, 黄海共有大型底栖动物1,360种, 分属于17门35纲91目368科842属。其平均分类差异指数的理论平均值为93.7, 分类差异变异指数为213.6。将已知受到中度扰动的胶州湾部分站位真实值叠加到平均分类差异指数的95%置信区间漏斗图中, 发现全部站位均显著低于95%置信区间, 显示了平均分类差异指数在海洋污染监测方面的良好应用前景。

关键词: 分类多样性, 大型底栖动物, 黄海

Abstract

Using all available taxonomic data, we updated the master list of macrobenthos for the Yellow Sea, analyzed its taxonomic diversities and 95% probability funnels. There have been 1,360 species, belonging to 17 phyla, 35 classes, 91 orders, 368 families and 842 genera of macrobenthos recorded in the Yellow Sea. The value of average taxonomic distinctness for the region was 93.7, and the variation in taxonomic distinctness was 213.6. To explore the efficacy of these two diversity measures for environmental assessment, we superimposed estimates of these two values for some moderately polluted sites in Jiaozhou Bay on the 95% probability funnels, and all of the stations fell significantly below the 95% probability funnel of average taxonomic distinctness. This result shows the good application foregound of taxonomic diversity in marine pollution monitoring.

Key words: taxonomic diversity, macrobenthos, Yellow Sea

曲方圆, 于子山 (2010) 分类多样性在大型底栖动物生态学方面的应用: 以黄海底栖动物为例. 生物多样性, 18, 150-155. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.155.

Qu Fangyuan, Yu Zishan (2010) The application of taxonomic diversity in macrobenthic ecology: taking Yellow Sea for example. Biodiversity Science, 18, 150-155. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.155.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.155

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2010/V18/I2/150

图/表 6

表1 黄海大型底栖动物种类组成

Table 1 Species composition of macrobenthos in Yellow Sea

门 Phylum	纲 Class	目 Order	科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species
海绵动物门 Porifera	2	5	6	6	10
腔肠动物门 Coelentera	2	5	17	33	49
扁形动物门 Plathyhelminthes	1	2	7	10	11
纽形动物门 Nemertinea	2	4	8	13	20
曳鳃动物门 Priapulida	1	1	1	1	1
环节动物门 Annelida	2	16	52	195	342
星虫动物门 Sipuncula	2	2	2	2	2
螠虫动物门 Echiura	1	3	3	5	5
软体动物门 Mollusca	7	21	126	277	403
节肢动物门 Arthropoda	3	8	76	181	317
苔藓动物门 Bryozoa	2	3	34	61	109
腕足动物门 Brachiopoda	1	3	3	3	4
帚虫动物门 Phoronida	1	1	1	1	3
棘皮动物门 Echinodermata	5	13	22	40	59
半索动物门 Hemichordata	1	1	2	3	3
尾索动物门 Urochordata	1	2	7	10	21
脊索动物门 Chordata	1	1	1	1	1
总计 Total	35	91	368	842	1,360

图1 黄海大型底栖动物平均分类差异指数(A)和分类差异变异指数(B)的95%置信区间漏斗图

Fig. 1 95% probability funnels of average taxonomic distinctness (A) and variation in taxonomic distinctness (B) of macrobenthos in Yellow Sea

表2 胶州湾各站大型底栖动物多样性指数及底质类型

Table 2 Macrobenthic diversities and substrates of each station in Jiaozhou Bay

站号 Station	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 (H')	Margalef 丰富度指数 d	Pielou均匀度指数 J′	种数 No. of species	平均分类差异指数 △⁺	分类差异变异指数 ∧⁺	底质类型 Substrate
B1	2.52	2.93	0.615	17	84.8	320.5	黏土质粉砂Clay silt
B2	2.86	2.99	0.685	18	82.79	357.4	黏土质粉砂Clay silt
B3	3.03	3.50	0.683	22	77.2	338.8	粗砂 Coarse sand
C3	3.46	3.44	0.815	19	70.66	252.1	黏土质粉砂 Clay silt
全部站 Total	3.472	5.124	0.667	37	83.48	337	—

图2 胶州湾大型底栖动物平均分类差异指数(A)和分类差异变异指数(B)的95%置信区间漏斗图

Fig. 2 95% probability funnels of average taxonomic distinctness (A) and variation in taxonomic distinctness (B) of macrobenthos in Jiaozhou Bay

图3 胶州湾大型底栖动物95%置信区间等值线图。等值线上的数字代表相应的模拟抽样种数。站号后面括号中的数字代表该站的种类数。由于相近的抽样种数其等值线差别很小, 为图像清晰起见, 仅做种数最高和最低的两条等值线。

Fig. 3 95% probability contours of macrobenthos in Jiaozhou Bay. Number on the contours stand for the species selected from the master list of Yellow Sea. Numbers in the parentheses are species of each station. Because contours of adjacent species are nearly the same, for greater clarity, we only draw the contours of two extremes.

图4 大型底栖动物群落结构及分类差异变异指数∧+随污染梯度变化的简化模型

Fig. 4 A simplified model of changes in community structure and variation in taxonomic distinctness under different pollution conditions

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