应用微卫星标记分析23个中国地方马种的遗传多样性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08346

生物多样性 ›› 2009, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (3): 240-247. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08346

应用微卫星标记分析23个中国地方马种的遗传多样性

凌英会¹^,², 成月娇¹^,²^,³, 王艳萍¹^,²^,³, 关伟军¹^,², 韩建林¹^,², 傅宝玲¹^,², 赵倩君¹^,², 何晓红¹^,², 浦亚斌¹^,², 马月辉¹^,²^,^*()

1 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 北京 100193
2 农业部畜禽遗传资源与利用重点实验室, 北京 100193
3 山西农业大学动物科技学院, 太谷 030801

收稿日期:2008-12-26 接受日期:2009-03-28 出版日期:2009-05-20 发布日期:2009-05-20
通讯作者: 马月辉
作者简介:*E-mail: yuehui.ma@263.net
基金资助:
“十一五”国家科技支撑(2006BAD13B08);科技部科技资源平台(2005DKA21101)

Genetic diversity of 23 Chinese indigenous horse breeds revealed by microsatellite markers

Yinghui Ling¹^,², Yuejiao Cheng¹^,²^,³, Yanping Wang¹^,²^,³, Weijun Guan¹^,², Jianlin Han¹^,², Baoling Fu¹^,², Qianjun Zhao¹^,², Xiaohong He¹^,², Yabin Pu¹^,², Yuehui Ma¹^,²^,^*()

1 Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193
2 The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100193
3 College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801

Received:2008-12-26 Accepted:2009-03-28 Online:2009-05-20 Published:2009-05-20
Contact: Yuehui Ma

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了调查中国马种的群体遗传分化与遗传结构状况, 本研究应用FAO和ISAG推荐的25对微卫星引物, 结合荧光标记PCR分析技术, 对中国23个马群体和1个英纯血马群体进行了分子遗传学研究。结果表明: 中国地方马群体的遗传多样性比较丰富, 23个中国马群体的等位基因数、多态信息含量和遗传杂合度等都高于英国纯血马。根据群体遗传距离构建的系统进化树, 能够清晰地将英纯血马从中国马中独立出来, 同时可将中国马群体分成不同的支, 基本上与其地理分布格局相符。我们用MVSP软件进行群体遗传分化分析可见, 前三个主成分的三维散点图可以明显地把英纯血马从所有群体中独立出来, 并把中国的马群体分成几个相对独立的支。进一步分析第一、二主成分的二维散点图, 可将中国的马群体分化成南方支系、藏马支系、新疆和青海支系、内蒙古支系及东北支系等5个部分。根据Structure软件分析, 推测中国马群体含有5个潜在的支系, 基本上代表了我国现在主要家马来源的基础遗传支系。这些信息可以为我国现有马种类型的划分与马种资源遗传多样性的保护提供科学依据。

关键词: 马, 遗传变异, 遗传分化, 群体结构

Abstract

In order to investigate the genetic differentiation, we studied the genetic structure and genetic variation of 23 Chinese indigenous horse breeds and one thoroughbred horse population using 25 microsatellite markers. The number of alleles, polymorphism information content (PIC) and heterozygosity showed that genetic diversity in Chinese horses was higher than the thoroughbred horse. Neighbour-joining (NJ) dendrogram clustered Chinese horse populations and the thoroughbred horse into different groups. Furthermore, Chinese horse populations were grouped into several different phylogenetic clusters which corresponded to the geographic regions. Cluster analysis was performed by the Multivariate Statistical Package (MVSP), demonstrating that thoroughbred horse was discriminated from all the studied populations based on the three-dimensional scatter plot for the first three factors. Two-dimensional scatter plot for the first two principal factors divided Chinese horse populations into five groups: southern China, Tibet, Xinjiang and Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, and Northeast China. Genetic structure revealed by the software package Structure 2.2 displayed five potential elementary genetic groups in Chinese modern horses.

Key words: horse, genetic variation, genetic differentiation, population structure

凌英会, 成月娇, 王艳萍, 关伟军, 韩建林, 傅宝玲, 赵倩君, 何晓红, 浦亚斌, 马月辉 (2009) 应用微卫星标记分析23个中国地方马种的遗传多样性. 生物多样性, 17, 240-247. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08346.

Yinghui Ling, Yuejiao Cheng, Yanping Wang, Weijun Guan, Jianlin Han, Baoling Fu, Qianjun Zhao, Xiaohong He, Yabin Pu, Yuehui Ma (2009) Genetic diversity of 23 Chinese indigenous horse breeds revealed by microsatellite markers. Biodiversity Science, 17, 240-247. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08346.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08346

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2009/V17/I3/240

图/表 7

参考文献 30

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代码 Code	品种名称 Breed name	样本数 Sample size	来源地 Locality
MG	蒙古马 Mongolia horse	50	内蒙古呼伦贝尔市 Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia
XNH	锡泥河马 Xinihe horse	50	内蒙古呼伦贝尔市 Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia
SH	三河马 Sanhe horse	31	内蒙古呼伦贝尔市 Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia
HH	黑河马 Heihe horse	42	黑龙江孙吴县 Sunwu County, Heilongjiang
ELC	鄂伦春马 Elunchun horse	30	黑龙江黑河市 Heihe City, Heilongjiang
JL	吉林马 Jilin horse	52	吉林白城市 Baicheng City, Jilin
KZK	哈萨克马 Hazakh horse	50	新疆新源县 Xinyuan County, Xinjiang
YQ	焉耆马 Yanqi horse	55	新疆焉耆县 Yanqi County, Xinjiang
YL	伊犁马 Yili horse	60	新疆伊犁县 Yili County, Xinjiang
DT	大通马 Datong horse	56	青海祁连县 Qilian County, Qinghai
CDM	柴达木马 Cadamu horse	33	青海都兰县 Dulan County, Qinghai
HQ	河曲马 Hequ horse	24	青海河南县 Henan County, Qinghai
YSH	玉树马 Yushu horse	50	青海玉树市 Yushu City, Qinghai
TGL	西藏草地马 Tibet grassland horse	61	西藏浪卡子县 Langkazi County, Tibet
TRV	西藏河谷马 Tibet valley horse	52	西藏江孜县 Jiangzi County, Tibet
JC	建昌马 Jianchang horse	52	四川布拖县 Butuo County, Sichuan
LCH	利川马 Lichuan horse	38	湖北利川市 Lichuan City, Hubei
DL	大理马 Yunnan horse	30	云南剑川县 Jianchuan County, Yunnan
WS	文山马 Wenshan horse	36	云南文山县 Wenshan County, Yunnan
GZ	贵州马 Guizhou horse	38	贵州安顺市 Anshun City, Guizhou
BS	百色马 Baise horse	60	广西百色县 Baise County, Guangxi
DBP	德保矮马 Debao pony	66	广西德保县 Debao County, Guangxi
JJ	晋江马 Jinjiang horse	60	福建晋江县 Jinjiang County, Fujian
THB	英纯血马 Thoroughbred horse	30	英国 UK

代码 Code	品种名称 Breed name	样本数 Sample size	来源地 Locality
MG	蒙古马 Mongolia horse	50	内蒙古呼伦贝尔市 Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia
XNH	锡泥河马 Xinihe horse	50	内蒙古呼伦贝尔市 Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia
SH	三河马 Sanhe horse	31	内蒙古呼伦贝尔市 Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia
HH	黑河马 Heihe horse	42	黑龙江孙吴县 Sunwu County, Heilongjiang
ELC	鄂伦春马 Elunchun horse	30	黑龙江黑河市 Heihe City, Heilongjiang
JL	吉林马 Jilin horse	52	吉林白城市 Baicheng City, Jilin
KZK	哈萨克马 Hazakh horse	50	新疆新源县 Xinyuan County, Xinjiang
YQ	焉耆马 Yanqi horse	55	新疆焉耆县 Yanqi County, Xinjiang
YL	伊犁马 Yili horse	60	新疆伊犁县 Yili County, Xinjiang
DT	大通马 Datong horse	56	青海祁连县 Qilian County, Qinghai
CDM	柴达木马 Cadamu horse	33	青海都兰县 Dulan County, Qinghai
HQ	河曲马 Hequ horse	24	青海河南县 Henan County, Qinghai
YSH	玉树马 Yushu horse	50	青海玉树市 Yushu City, Qinghai
TGL	西藏草地马 Tibet grassland horse	61	西藏浪卡子县 Langkazi County, Tibet
TRV	西藏河谷马 Tibet valley horse	52	西藏江孜县 Jiangzi County, Tibet
JC	建昌马 Jianchang horse	52	四川布拖县 Butuo County, Sichuan
LCH	利川马 Lichuan horse	38	湖北利川市 Lichuan City, Hubei
DL	大理马 Yunnan horse	30	云南剑川县 Jianchuan County, Yunnan
WS	文山马 Wenshan horse	36	云南文山县 Wenshan County, Yunnan
GZ	贵州马 Guizhou horse	38	贵州安顺市 Anshun City, Guizhou
BS	百色马 Baise horse	60	广西百色县 Baise County, Guangxi
DBP	德保矮马 Debao pony	66	广西德保县 Debao County, Guangxi
JJ	晋江马 Jinjiang horse	60	福建晋江县 Jinjiang County, Fujian
THB	英纯血马 Thoroughbred horse	30	英国 UK

代码 Code	等位基因差异 Allelic diversity			群体遗传多样性 Genetic diversity
代码 Code	MNA	NEA	Pa		Ho	He	AR	PIC
蒙古马 MG	7.48	4.16	4	0.742		0.727	6.736	0.693
锡泥河马 XNH	7.88	4.25	0	0.723		0.746	7.081	0.712
三河马 SH	7.92	4.43	0	0.745		0.751	7.549	0.718
黑河马 HH	7.96	4.38	2	0.752		0.747	7.248	0.715
鄂伦春马 ELC	6.72	3.69	1	0.683		0.698	6.453	0.659
吉林马 JL	7.80	4.41	1	0.743		0.745	6.969	0.713
哈萨克马 KZK	8.36	4.81	2	0.766		0.760	7.558	0.730
焉耆马 YQ	8.36	4.54	3	0.745		0.757	7.451	0.725
伊犁马 YL	8.40	4.61	2	0.757		0.763	7.464	0.732
大通马 DT	8.32	4.48	3	0.727		0.751	7.484	0.721
柴达木马 CDM	7.36	4.56	0	0.730		0.751	7.097	0.720
河曲马 HQ	6.76	4.40	0	0.755		0.730	6.760	0.695
玉树马 YSH	8.36	4.50	1	0.723		0.752	7.535	0.722
西藏草地马 TGL	8.24	4.23	3	0.739		0.745	7.295	0.713
西藏河谷马 TRV	7.88	4.49	2	0.742		0.756	7.253	0.725
建昌马 JC	7.60	4.57	1	0.729		0.761	7.025	0.731
利川马 LCH	7.72	4.62	3	0.749		0.752	7.130	0.723
大理马 DL	8.43	4.82	13	0.723		0.761	8.069	0.736
文山马 WS	7.84	4.42	2	0.747		0.765	7.301	0.724
贵州马 GZ	7.60	4.46	0	0.755		0.745	7.057	0.713
百色马 BS	8.24	4.56	2	0.734		0.749	7.364	0.721
德保矮马 DBP	8.80	4.66	6	0.737		0.755	7.602	0.728
晋江马 JJ	7.92	4.04	2	0.732		0.731	6.800	0.697
英纯血马 THB	4.68	3.07	0	0.667		0.632	4.551	0.577

代码 Code	等位基因差异 Allelic diversity			群体遗传多样性 Genetic diversity
代码 Code	MNA	NEA	Pa		Ho	He	AR	PIC
蒙古马 MG	7.48	4.16	4	0.742		0.727	6.736	0.693
锡泥河马 XNH	7.88	4.25	0	0.723		0.746	7.081	0.712
三河马 SH	7.92	4.43	0	0.745		0.751	7.549	0.718
黑河马 HH	7.96	4.38	2	0.752		0.747	7.248	0.715
鄂伦春马 ELC	6.72	3.69	1	0.683		0.698	6.453	0.659
吉林马 JL	7.80	4.41	1	0.743		0.745	6.969	0.713
哈萨克马 KZK	8.36	4.81	2	0.766		0.760	7.558	0.730
焉耆马 YQ	8.36	4.54	3	0.745		0.757	7.451	0.725
伊犁马 YL	8.40	4.61	2	0.757		0.763	7.464	0.732
大通马 DT	8.32	4.48	3	0.727		0.751	7.484	0.721
柴达木马 CDM	7.36	4.56	0	0.730		0.751	7.097	0.720
河曲马 HQ	6.76	4.40	0	0.755		0.730	6.760	0.695
玉树马 YSH	8.36	4.50	1	0.723		0.752	7.535	0.722
西藏草地马 TGL	8.24	4.23	3	0.739		0.745	7.295	0.713
西藏河谷马 TRV	7.88	4.49	2	0.742		0.756	7.253	0.725
建昌马 JC	7.60	4.57	1	0.729		0.761	7.025	0.731
利川马 LCH	7.72	4.62	3	0.749		0.752	7.130	0.723
大理马 DL	8.43	4.82	13	0.723		0.761	8.069	0.736
文山马 WS	7.84	4.42	2	0.747		0.765	7.301	0.724
贵州马 GZ	7.60	4.46	0	0.755		0.745	7.057	0.713
百色马 BS	8.24	4.56	2	0.734		0.749	7.364	0.721
德保矮马 DBP	8.80	4.66	6	0.737		0.755	7.602	0.728
晋江马 JJ	7.92	4.04	2	0.732		0.731	6.800	0.697
英纯血马 THB	4.68	3.07	0	0.667		0.632	4.551	0.577

基因座位 Locus	所有中国群体 All Chinese horse populations			群体 Population	所有位点Fis
基因座位 Locus	Fit	Fst	Fis	群体 Population	All lociFis
HMS06	0.035^**	0.031^***	0.004	MG	-0.011
HMS07	0.040^**	0.014^***	0.026^*	XNH	0.041^**
HTG07	0.028	0.026^***	0.002	SH	0.005
HMS03	0.080^***	0.028^***	0.054^***	HH	0.039^*
COR082	0.063^***	0.031^***	0.033^***	ELC	0.012
HTG04	0.035^*	0.024^***	0.012	JL	-0.091
LEX54	-0.016	0.024^***	-0.041	KZK	0.003
ASB17	0.066^***	0.021^***	0.047^***	YQ	0.026^*
SGCV28	0.031^*	0.040^***	-0.010	YL	0.016
HMS02	0.037^**	0.019^***	0.019	DT	0.041^**
COR022	0.014	0.015^***	-0.002	CDM	0.043^**
HMS45	-0.014	0.036^***	-0.052	HQ	-0.013
LEX34	0.018	0.027^***	-0.010	YSH	0.049^***
COR071	0.064^***	0.019^***	0.045^***	TGL	0.016
LEX73	0.064^***	0.033^***	0.033	TRV	0.029
HTG10	0.109^***	0.019^***	0.091^***	JC	0.051^***
COR007	0.021	0.026^***	-0.006	LCH	0.017
LEX63	0.123^***	0.026^***	0.099^***	DL	0.067^***
ASB23	0.045^**	0.031^***	0.014	WS	0.024
COR018	0.044^**	0.024^***	0.021	GZ	0.001
VHL20	0.046^***	0.023^***	0.024^*	BS	0.029
AHT04	0.025^*	0.015^***	0.010	DBP	0.031^**
UCDEQ4	0.044^**	0.039^***	0.005	JJ	0.007
HTG06	-0.033	0.018^***	-0.052
ASB02	0.080^***	0.020^***	0.061^***
总计 Total	0.045^***	0.024^***	0.021^***

应用微卫星标记分析23个中国地方马种的遗传多样性

Genetic diversity of 23 Chinese indigenous horse breeds revealed by microsatellite markers

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