生物多样性 ›› 2009, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (3): 240-247. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08346
凌英会1,2, 成月娇1,2,3, 王艳萍1,2,3, 关伟军1,2, 韩建林1,2, 傅宝玲1,2, 赵倩君1,2, 何晓红1,2, 浦亚斌1,2, 马月辉1,2,*()
收稿日期:
2008-12-26
接受日期:
2009-03-28
出版日期:
2009-05-20
发布日期:
2009-05-20
通讯作者:
马月辉
作者简介:
*E-mail: yuehui.ma@263.net基金资助:
Yinghui Ling1,2, Yuejiao Cheng1,2,3, Yanping Wang1,2,3, Weijun Guan1,2, Jianlin Han1,2, Baoling Fu1,2, Qianjun Zhao1,2, Xiaohong He1,2, Yabin Pu1,2, Yuehui Ma1,2,*()
Received:
2008-12-26
Accepted:
2009-03-28
Online:
2009-05-20
Published:
2009-05-20
Contact:
Yuehui Ma
摘要:
为了调查中国马种的群体遗传分化与遗传结构状况, 本研究应用FAO和ISAG推荐的25对微卫星引物, 结合荧光标记PCR分析技术, 对中国23个马群体和1个英纯血马群体进行了分子遗传学研究。结果表明: 中国地方马群体的遗传多样性比较丰富, 23个中国马群体的等位基因数、多态信息含量和遗传杂合度等都高于英国纯血马。根据群体遗传距离构建的系统进化树, 能够清晰地将英纯血马从中国马中独立出来, 同时可将中国马群体分成不同的支, 基本上与其地理分布格局相符。我们用MVSP软件进行群体遗传分化分析可见, 前三个主成分的三维散点图可以明显地把英纯血马从所有群体中独立出来, 并把中国的马群体分成几个相对独立的支。进一步分析第一、二主成分的二维散点图, 可将中国的马群体分化成南方支系、藏马支系、新疆和青海支系、内蒙古支系及东北支系等5个部分。根据Structure软件分析, 推测中国马群体含有5个潜在的支系, 基本上代表了我国现在主要家马来源的基础遗传支系。这些信息可以为我国现有马种类型的划分与马种资源遗传多样性的保护提供科学依据。
凌英会, 成月娇, 王艳萍, 关伟军, 韩建林, 傅宝玲, 赵倩君, 何晓红, 浦亚斌, 马月辉 (2009) 应用微卫星标记分析23个中国地方马种的遗传多样性. 生物多样性, 17, 240-247. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08346.
Yinghui Ling, Yuejiao Cheng, Yanping Wang, Weijun Guan, Jianlin Han, Baoling Fu, Qianjun Zhao, Xiaohong He, Yabin Pu, Yuehui Ma (2009) Genetic diversity of 23 Chinese indigenous horse breeds revealed by microsatellite markers. Biodiversity Science, 17, 240-247. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08346.
代码 Code | 品种名称 Breed name | 样本数 Sample size | 来源地 Locality |
---|---|---|---|
MG | 蒙古马 Mongolia horse | 50 | 内蒙古呼伦贝尔市 Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia |
XNH | 锡泥河马 Xinihe horse | 50 | 内蒙古呼伦贝尔市 Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia |
SH | 三河马 Sanhe horse | 31 | 内蒙古呼伦贝尔市 Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia |
HH | 黑河马 Heihe horse | 42 | 黑龙江孙吴县 Sunwu County, Heilongjiang |
ELC | 鄂伦春马 Elunchun horse | 30 | 黑龙江黑河市 Heihe City, Heilongjiang |
JL | 吉林马 Jilin horse | 52 | 吉林白城市 Baicheng City, Jilin |
KZK | 哈萨克马 Hazakh horse | 50 | 新疆新源县 Xinyuan County, Xinjiang |
YQ | 焉耆马 Yanqi horse | 55 | 新疆焉耆县 Yanqi County, Xinjiang |
YL | 伊犁马 Yili horse | 60 | 新疆伊犁县 Yili County, Xinjiang |
DT | 大通马 Datong horse | 56 | 青海祁连县 Qilian County, Qinghai |
CDM | 柴达木马 Cadamu horse | 33 | 青海都兰县 Dulan County, Qinghai |
HQ | 河曲马 Hequ horse | 24 | 青海河南县 Henan County, Qinghai |
YSH | 玉树马 Yushu horse | 50 | 青海玉树市 Yushu City, Qinghai |
TGL | 西藏草地马 Tibet grassland horse | 61 | 西藏浪卡子县 Langkazi County, Tibet |
TRV | 西藏河谷马 Tibet valley horse | 52 | 西藏江孜县 Jiangzi County, Tibet |
JC | 建昌马 Jianchang horse | 52 | 四川布拖县 Butuo County, Sichuan |
LCH | 利川马 Lichuan horse | 38 | 湖北利川市 Lichuan City, Hubei |
DL | 大理马 Yunnan horse | 30 | 云南剑川县 Jianchuan County, Yunnan |
WS | 文山马 Wenshan horse | 36 | 云南文山县 Wenshan County, Yunnan |
GZ | 贵州马 Guizhou horse | 38 | 贵州安顺市 Anshun City, Guizhou |
BS | 百色马 Baise horse | 60 | 广西百色县 Baise County, Guangxi |
DBP | 德保矮马 Debao pony | 66 | 广西德保县 Debao County, Guangxi |
JJ | 晋江马 Jinjiang horse | 60 | 福建晋江县 Jinjiang County, Fujian |
THB | 英纯血马 Thoroughbred horse | 30 | 英国 UK |
表1 24个马群体名称、代码、来源和采样信息
Table 1 Name, code, sample size and source region of 24 horse populations
代码 Code | 品种名称 Breed name | 样本数 Sample size | 来源地 Locality |
---|---|---|---|
MG | 蒙古马 Mongolia horse | 50 | 内蒙古呼伦贝尔市 Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia |
XNH | 锡泥河马 Xinihe horse | 50 | 内蒙古呼伦贝尔市 Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia |
SH | 三河马 Sanhe horse | 31 | 内蒙古呼伦贝尔市 Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia |
HH | 黑河马 Heihe horse | 42 | 黑龙江孙吴县 Sunwu County, Heilongjiang |
ELC | 鄂伦春马 Elunchun horse | 30 | 黑龙江黑河市 Heihe City, Heilongjiang |
JL | 吉林马 Jilin horse | 52 | 吉林白城市 Baicheng City, Jilin |
KZK | 哈萨克马 Hazakh horse | 50 | 新疆新源县 Xinyuan County, Xinjiang |
YQ | 焉耆马 Yanqi horse | 55 | 新疆焉耆县 Yanqi County, Xinjiang |
YL | 伊犁马 Yili horse | 60 | 新疆伊犁县 Yili County, Xinjiang |
DT | 大通马 Datong horse | 56 | 青海祁连县 Qilian County, Qinghai |
CDM | 柴达木马 Cadamu horse | 33 | 青海都兰县 Dulan County, Qinghai |
HQ | 河曲马 Hequ horse | 24 | 青海河南县 Henan County, Qinghai |
YSH | 玉树马 Yushu horse | 50 | 青海玉树市 Yushu City, Qinghai |
TGL | 西藏草地马 Tibet grassland horse | 61 | 西藏浪卡子县 Langkazi County, Tibet |
TRV | 西藏河谷马 Tibet valley horse | 52 | 西藏江孜县 Jiangzi County, Tibet |
JC | 建昌马 Jianchang horse | 52 | 四川布拖县 Butuo County, Sichuan |
LCH | 利川马 Lichuan horse | 38 | 湖北利川市 Lichuan City, Hubei |
DL | 大理马 Yunnan horse | 30 | 云南剑川县 Jianchuan County, Yunnan |
WS | 文山马 Wenshan horse | 36 | 云南文山县 Wenshan County, Yunnan |
GZ | 贵州马 Guizhou horse | 38 | 贵州安顺市 Anshun City, Guizhou |
BS | 百色马 Baise horse | 60 | 广西百色县 Baise County, Guangxi |
DBP | 德保矮马 Debao pony | 66 | 广西德保县 Debao County, Guangxi |
JJ | 晋江马 Jinjiang horse | 60 | 福建晋江县 Jinjiang County, Fujian |
THB | 英纯血马 Thoroughbred horse | 30 | 英国 UK |
代码 Code | 等位基因差异 Allelic diversity | 群体遗传多样性 Genetic diversity | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MNA | NEA | Pa | Ho | He | AR | PIC | ||
蒙古马 MG | 7.48 | 4.16 | 4 | 0.742 | 0.727 | 6.736 | 0.693 | |
锡泥河马 XNH | 7.88 | 4.25 | 0 | 0.723 | 0.746 | 7.081 | 0.712 | |
三河马 SH | 7.92 | 4.43 | 0 | 0.745 | 0.751 | 7.549 | 0.718 | |
黑河马 HH | 7.96 | 4.38 | 2 | 0.752 | 0.747 | 7.248 | 0.715 | |
鄂伦春马 ELC | 6.72 | 3.69 | 1 | 0.683 | 0.698 | 6.453 | 0.659 | |
吉林马 JL | 7.80 | 4.41 | 1 | 0.743 | 0.745 | 6.969 | 0.713 | |
哈萨克马 KZK | 8.36 | 4.81 | 2 | 0.766 | 0.760 | 7.558 | 0.730 | |
焉耆马 YQ | 8.36 | 4.54 | 3 | 0.745 | 0.757 | 7.451 | 0.725 | |
伊犁马 YL | 8.40 | 4.61 | 2 | 0.757 | 0.763 | 7.464 | 0.732 | |
大通马 DT | 8.32 | 4.48 | 3 | 0.727 | 0.751 | 7.484 | 0.721 | |
柴达木马 CDM | 7.36 | 4.56 | 0 | 0.730 | 0.751 | 7.097 | 0.720 | |
河曲马 HQ | 6.76 | 4.40 | 0 | 0.755 | 0.730 | 6.760 | 0.695 | |
玉树马 YSH | 8.36 | 4.50 | 1 | 0.723 | 0.752 | 7.535 | 0.722 | |
西藏草地马 TGL | 8.24 | 4.23 | 3 | 0.739 | 0.745 | 7.295 | 0.713 | |
西藏河谷马 TRV | 7.88 | 4.49 | 2 | 0.742 | 0.756 | 7.253 | 0.725 | |
建昌马 JC | 7.60 | 4.57 | 1 | 0.729 | 0.761 | 7.025 | 0.731 | |
利川马 LCH | 7.72 | 4.62 | 3 | 0.749 | 0.752 | 7.130 | 0.723 | |
大理马 DL | 8.43 | 4.82 | 13 | 0.723 | 0.761 | 8.069 | 0.736 | |
文山马 WS | 7.84 | 4.42 | 2 | 0.747 | 0.765 | 7.301 | 0.724 | |
贵州马 GZ | 7.60 | 4.46 | 0 | 0.755 | 0.745 | 7.057 | 0.713 | |
百色马 BS | 8.24 | 4.56 | 2 | 0.734 | 0.749 | 7.364 | 0.721 | |
德保矮马 DBP | 8.80 | 4.66 | 6 | 0.737 | 0.755 | 7.602 | 0.728 | |
晋江马 JJ | 7.92 | 4.04 | 2 | 0.732 | 0.731 | 6.800 | 0.697 | |
英纯血马 THB | 4.68 | 3.07 | 0 | 0.667 | 0.632 | 4.551 | 0.577 |
表2 24个马群体的遗传变异
Table 2 Basic genetic variation information of the 24 horse studied populations
代码 Code | 等位基因差异 Allelic diversity | 群体遗传多样性 Genetic diversity | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MNA | NEA | Pa | Ho | He | AR | PIC | ||
蒙古马 MG | 7.48 | 4.16 | 4 | 0.742 | 0.727 | 6.736 | 0.693 | |
锡泥河马 XNH | 7.88 | 4.25 | 0 | 0.723 | 0.746 | 7.081 | 0.712 | |
三河马 SH | 7.92 | 4.43 | 0 | 0.745 | 0.751 | 7.549 | 0.718 | |
黑河马 HH | 7.96 | 4.38 | 2 | 0.752 | 0.747 | 7.248 | 0.715 | |
鄂伦春马 ELC | 6.72 | 3.69 | 1 | 0.683 | 0.698 | 6.453 | 0.659 | |
吉林马 JL | 7.80 | 4.41 | 1 | 0.743 | 0.745 | 6.969 | 0.713 | |
哈萨克马 KZK | 8.36 | 4.81 | 2 | 0.766 | 0.760 | 7.558 | 0.730 | |
焉耆马 YQ | 8.36 | 4.54 | 3 | 0.745 | 0.757 | 7.451 | 0.725 | |
伊犁马 YL | 8.40 | 4.61 | 2 | 0.757 | 0.763 | 7.464 | 0.732 | |
大通马 DT | 8.32 | 4.48 | 3 | 0.727 | 0.751 | 7.484 | 0.721 | |
柴达木马 CDM | 7.36 | 4.56 | 0 | 0.730 | 0.751 | 7.097 | 0.720 | |
河曲马 HQ | 6.76 | 4.40 | 0 | 0.755 | 0.730 | 6.760 | 0.695 | |
玉树马 YSH | 8.36 | 4.50 | 1 | 0.723 | 0.752 | 7.535 | 0.722 | |
西藏草地马 TGL | 8.24 | 4.23 | 3 | 0.739 | 0.745 | 7.295 | 0.713 | |
西藏河谷马 TRV | 7.88 | 4.49 | 2 | 0.742 | 0.756 | 7.253 | 0.725 | |
建昌马 JC | 7.60 | 4.57 | 1 | 0.729 | 0.761 | 7.025 | 0.731 | |
利川马 LCH | 7.72 | 4.62 | 3 | 0.749 | 0.752 | 7.130 | 0.723 | |
大理马 DL | 8.43 | 4.82 | 13 | 0.723 | 0.761 | 8.069 | 0.736 | |
文山马 WS | 7.84 | 4.42 | 2 | 0.747 | 0.765 | 7.301 | 0.724 | |
贵州马 GZ | 7.60 | 4.46 | 0 | 0.755 | 0.745 | 7.057 | 0.713 | |
百色马 BS | 8.24 | 4.56 | 2 | 0.734 | 0.749 | 7.364 | 0.721 | |
德保矮马 DBP | 8.80 | 4.66 | 6 | 0.737 | 0.755 | 7.602 | 0.728 | |
晋江马 JJ | 7.92 | 4.04 | 2 | 0.732 | 0.731 | 6.800 | 0.697 | |
英纯血马 THB | 4.68 | 3.07 | 0 | 0.667 | 0.632 | 4.551 | 0.577 |
基因座位 Locus | 所有中国群体 All Chinese horse populations | 群体 Population | 所有位点Fis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fit | Fst | Fis | All lociFis | ||
HMS06 | 0.035** | 0.031*** | 0.004 | MG | -0.011 |
HMS07 | 0.040** | 0.014*** | 0.026* | XNH | 0.041** |
HTG07 | 0.028 | 0.026*** | 0.002 | SH | 0.005 |
HMS03 | 0.080*** | 0.028*** | 0.054*** | HH | 0.039* |
COR082 | 0.063*** | 0.031*** | 0.033*** | ELC | 0.012 |
HTG04 | 0.035* | 0.024*** | 0.012 | JL | -0.091 |
LEX54 | -0.016 | 0.024*** | -0.041 | KZK | 0.003 |
ASB17 | 0.066*** | 0.021*** | 0.047*** | YQ | 0.026* |
SGCV28 | 0.031* | 0.040*** | -0.010 | YL | 0.016 |
HMS02 | 0.037** | 0.019*** | 0.019 | DT | 0.041** |
COR022 | 0.014 | 0.015*** | -0.002 | CDM | 0.043** |
HMS45 | -0.014 | 0.036*** | -0.052 | HQ | -0.013 |
LEX34 | 0.018 | 0.027*** | -0.010 | YSH | 0.049*** |
COR071 | 0.064*** | 0.019*** | 0.045*** | TGL | 0.016 |
LEX73 | 0.064*** | 0.033*** | 0.033 | TRV | 0.029 |
HTG10 | 0.109*** | 0.019*** | 0.091*** | JC | 0.051*** |
COR007 | 0.021 | 0.026*** | -0.006 | LCH | 0.017 |
LEX63 | 0.123*** | 0.026*** | 0.099*** | DL | 0.067*** |
ASB23 | 0.045** | 0.031*** | 0.014 | WS | 0.024 |
COR018 | 0.044** | 0.024*** | 0.021 | GZ | 0.001 |
VHL20 | 0.046*** | 0.023*** | 0.024* | BS | 0.029 |
AHT04 | 0.025* | 0.015*** | 0.010 | DBP | 0.031** |
UCDEQ4 | 0.044** | 0.039*** | 0.005 | JJ | 0.007 |
HTG06 | -0.033 | 0.018*** | -0.052 | ||
ASB02 | 0.080*** | 0.020*** | 0.061*** | ||
总计 Total | 0.045*** | 0.024*** | 0.021*** |
表3 23个中国马群体25对微卫星座位的F-统计检验
Table 3 F-statistics for 23 Chinese horse populations at 25 microsatellite loci
基因座位 Locus | 所有中国群体 All Chinese horse populations | 群体 Population | 所有位点Fis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fit | Fst | Fis | All lociFis | ||
HMS06 | 0.035** | 0.031*** | 0.004 | MG | -0.011 |
HMS07 | 0.040** | 0.014*** | 0.026* | XNH | 0.041** |
HTG07 | 0.028 | 0.026*** | 0.002 | SH | 0.005 |
HMS03 | 0.080*** | 0.028*** | 0.054*** | HH | 0.039* |
COR082 | 0.063*** | 0.031*** | 0.033*** | ELC | 0.012 |
HTG04 | 0.035* | 0.024*** | 0.012 | JL | -0.091 |
LEX54 | -0.016 | 0.024*** | -0.041 | KZK | 0.003 |
ASB17 | 0.066*** | 0.021*** | 0.047*** | YQ | 0.026* |
SGCV28 | 0.031* | 0.040*** | -0.010 | YL | 0.016 |
HMS02 | 0.037** | 0.019*** | 0.019 | DT | 0.041** |
COR022 | 0.014 | 0.015*** | -0.002 | CDM | 0.043** |
HMS45 | -0.014 | 0.036*** | -0.052 | HQ | -0.013 |
LEX34 | 0.018 | 0.027*** | -0.010 | YSH | 0.049*** |
COR071 | 0.064*** | 0.019*** | 0.045*** | TGL | 0.016 |
LEX73 | 0.064*** | 0.033*** | 0.033 | TRV | 0.029 |
HTG10 | 0.109*** | 0.019*** | 0.091*** | JC | 0.051*** |
COR007 | 0.021 | 0.026*** | -0.006 | LCH | 0.017 |
LEX63 | 0.123*** | 0.026*** | 0.099*** | DL | 0.067*** |
ASB23 | 0.045** | 0.031*** | 0.014 | WS | 0.024 |
COR018 | 0.044** | 0.024*** | 0.021 | GZ | 0.001 |
VHL20 | 0.046*** | 0.023*** | 0.024* | BS | 0.029 |
AHT04 | 0.025* | 0.015*** | 0.010 | DBP | 0.031** |
UCDEQ4 | 0.044** | 0.039*** | 0.005 | JJ | 0.007 |
HTG06 | -0.033 | 0.018*** | -0.052 | ||
ASB02 | 0.080*** | 0.020*** | 0.061*** | ||
总计 Total | 0.045*** | 0.024*** | 0.021*** |
图1 基于Nei’s遗传距离(DA)构建的24个马群体的NJ聚类图(群体代号同表1)
Fig. 1 A neighbour-joining dendrogram of 24 horse populations based on Nei’s genetic distances (DA). Population codes see Table 1.
图2 24个马群体前三个主成分的三维散点图。Axis 1、Axis 2、Axis 3分别代表第1、第2、第3主成分。
Fig. 2 Three-dimensional scatter plot for the first three principal factors for 24 horse populations. Axis 1, Axis 2, and Axis 3 represent the first three principal factors, respectively.
图3 23个中国马群体第一、二主成分的二维散点图。Axis 1和Axis 2分别代表第1主成分和第2主成分。
Fig. 3 Two-dimensional scatter plot for the first two principal factors for 23 Chinese horse populations. Axis 1 and Axis 2 represent the first two principal factors, respectively.
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