中国长江流域生态恢复回顾与展望

doi:10.17520/biods.2025291

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 25291. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025291 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025291

中国长江流域生态恢复回顾与展望

李彬彬¹^,²^,^*()(), 葛蕴丰¹(), 吴舒尧³^,^*()(), 华方圆⁴(), 米湘成⁵^,⁶(), 曾玉红⁷()

1.昆山杜克大学环境研究中心, 江苏昆山 215316, 中国
2.Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
3.河海大学地理与遥感学院, 南京 211100, 中国
4.北京大学城市与环境学院, 生态学系暨地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871, 中国
5.中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化重点实验室, 浙江钱江源森林生物多样性国家野外观测研究站, 北京 100093, 中国
6.中国国家植物园, 北京 100093, 中国
7.武汉大学水资源工程与调度全国重点实验室, 武汉 430072, 中国

收稿日期:2025-07-21 接受日期:2025-08-31 出版日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2025-10-31
通讯作者: *E-mail: binbin.li@duke.edu; wushuyao@hhu.edu.cn
基金资助:
昆山市政府项目(23KKSGR045)

Review and outlook of ecosystem restoration in the Yangtze River Basin of China

Binbin V. Li¹^,²^,^*()(), Yunfeng Ge¹(), Shuyao Wu³^,^*()(), Fangyuan Hua⁴(), Xiangcheng Mi⁵^,⁶(), Yuhong Zeng⁷()

1 Environmental Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215316, China
2 Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
3 College of Geography and Remote Sensing, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
4 Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
5 Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Qianjiangyuan Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Beijing 100093, China
6 China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
7 State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China

Received:2025-07-21 Accepted:2025-08-31 Online:2025-09-20 Published:2025-10-31
Contact: *E-mail: binbin.li@duke.edu; wushuyao@hhu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Kunshan Municipal Government Research Funding(23KKSGR045)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态系统恢复对实现生态文明和可持续目标具有关键作用。本文通过系统梳理长江流域近50年生态恢复政策演进、生态效益与核心挑战, 明确了长江流域生态恢复主要历经的3个阶段, 即生态问题防控阶段、生态系统功能导向恢复阶段与以原生生态系统与生物多样性恢复为核心的系统性恢复阶段。此外, 虽然当前长江流域生态退化趋势已初步遏制, 旗舰物种保护取得一定进展, 但仍面临四类关键问题: 功能目标偏重导致生物多样性保护被边缘化、多目标间权衡机制缺失、恢复策略与自然地理条件不匹配以及科学评估与监测体系不完善。据此, 本文提出以生物多样性恢复与生态完整性重建为核心的系统性恢复框架, 包括识别恢复胁迫因子以及差异化恢复目标的准备阶段; 以科学监测为基础的生态恢复策略制定与评估、维护多方协同机制、多元化资金保障的实施阶段; 以及整合气候适应策略与推行适应性管理的动态调整机制。研究旨在为“长江大保护”战略实施及中国流域尺度的生物多样性保护与生态恢复提供科学支撑。

关键词: 生态系统恢复, 长江流域, 生物多样性, 生态完整性, 恢复框架

Abstract

Background: Ecosystem restoration is a key strategy for achieving ecological civilization and sustainability. Using the Yangtze River Basin as a representative case, this review synthesizes the evolution of China’s ecosystem restoration achievements and challenges over the past five decades.

Results: We identify three major phases: Ecological problem prevention and control, ecosystem function-oriented restoration, and the current shift toward system-level restoration emphasizing native ecosystems and biodiversity. While China has made significant progress in halting degradation and recovering flagship species, current practices face four major challenges: An overemphasis on functional goals, limited integration of multiple objectives, a mismatch between natural geography and restoration strategies, and a lack of robust scientific assessment and monitoring systems.

Perspectives In response, we propose a comprehensive restoration framework centered on biodiversity recovery and ecological integrity reconstruction. It includes a preparation phase involving the identification of restoration stress factors and the differentiation of restoration goals; an implementation phase comprising the formulation and evaluation of ecological restoration strategies based on scientific monitoring, the maintenance of a multi-stakeholder collaboration mechanism, and diversified funding support; as well as a dynamic adjustment mechanism integrating climate adaptation strategies and the implementation of adaptive management. This review provides scientific and policy insights to support the Yangtze River Protection Strategy and contribute to restoration efforts in China.

Key words: ecosystem restoration, Yangtze River basin, biodiversity, ecological integrity, restoration framework

李彬彬, 葛蕴丰, 吴舒尧, 华方圆, 米湘成, 曾玉红 (2025) 中国长江流域生态恢复回顾与展望. 生物多样性, 33, 25291. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025291.

Binbin V. Li, Yunfeng Ge, Shuyao Wu, Fangyuan Hua, Xiangcheng Mi, Yuhong Zeng (2025) Review and outlook of ecosystem restoration in the Yangtze River Basin of China. Biodiversity Science, 33, 25291. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025291.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025291

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I9/25291

图/表 3

图1 中国近五十年(1975-2025)颁布或实施的生态恢复不同阶段重要文件、相关法律与主要项目(段学军等, 2019;王夏晖等, 2021;刘郑倩等, 2024; Li et al, 2024)

Fig.1 Key documents, relevant laws, and major projects issued or implemented at different stage of ecological restoration in China (Duan et al, 2019; Wang et al, 2021; Liu et al, 2024; Li et al, 2024)

图2 长江流域主要生态恢复工程边界。改自邵全琴等(2022)和资源环境科学与数据平台(2023)。

Fig. 2 Spatial extent of major restoration projects in the Yangtze River Basin. Adapted from Shao et al (2022) and Resources and Environmental Science and Data Platform (2023).

图3 以生物多样性恢复与生态完整性重建为核心的生态恢复框架

Fig. 3 Ecosystem restoration framework centered on biodiversity restoration and ecological integrity reconstruction

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中国长江流域生态恢复回顾与展望

Review and outlook of ecosystem restoration in the Yangtze River Basin of China

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