长江口及其邻近水域鱼类浮游生物群落的时空格局

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08194

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据2007年长江口及其邻近水域4个航次调查资料, 探讨了该水域的鱼类浮游生物群落物种组成和多样性的季节变化特征。结果表明, 2007年共捕获鱼类浮游生物6,463个, 隶属12目28科45种, 以鳀科丰度最高, 占总丰度的76.5%。长江口鱼类浮游生物包括4种生态类型: 淡水型(2种), 半咸水型(14种), 沿岸型(10种)和近海型(16种)。其中, 近海型物种个体数量最多, 占2007年长江口鱼类浮游生物总丰度的74.55%。鳀(Engraulis japonicus)在4个季节均有出现, 对长江口鱼类浮游生物丰度贡献最大。鱼类浮游生物在物种组成上存在明显的季节变化: 白氏银汉鱼(Allanetta bleekeri)在春季占绝对优势, 鳀是夏季优势度最高的种类, 秋季除鳀外, 前颌间银鱼(Hemisalanx prognathus)成为优势种; 鱼类浮游生物丰度高度集中在优势种上, 各季节优势种对总丰度贡献超过89%。群落物种数量、丰度、丰富度指数、均匀度指数和多样性指数, 在夏季最高, 春季和秋季次之, 冬季最低。长江口鱼类浮游生物群落物种组成和多样性的季节变化特征体现了鱼类繁殖迁移策略和鱼类对环境变异的响应。

关键词: 长江口, 鱼类浮游生物, 优势种, 生物多样性, 季节变化

Abstract

The composition and diversity of ichthyoplankton species in the Yangtze estuary and adjacent waters (30°45′-32°N, 121°-123°20′E) were analyzed based on four seasonal surveys during 2007. A total of 6,463 individuals, representing 12 orders, 28 families and 45 species, were collected. Engraulidae was the most abundant family comprising 76.5% of all teleost fishes. The ichthyoplankton community was composed of four ecological guilds: freshwater (2 species), brackish (14 species), coastal (10 species) and marine (16 species), of which marine species was the most abundant (74.6% of total abundance). Engraulis japonicus, captured every season, contributed most to total ichthyoplanton abundance. Species composition varied between seasons; in spring, Allanetta bleekeri was the dominant species, while in summer E. japonicus dominated, autumn dominant species were E. japonicus and Hemisalanx prognathus. These dominant species contributed more than 89% of total catch in different seasons. Species number, abundance and diversity peaked in summer, were lower in spring and autumn, and were least in winter. These seasonal variations likely resulted from both migration associated with fish spawning and the environment.

Key words: Yangtze River estuary, ichthyoplankton, dominant species, biodiversity, seasonal variation

刘淑德, 线薇微 (2009) 长江口及其邻近水域鱼类浮游生物群落的时空格局. 生物多样性, 17, 151-159. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08194.

Shude Liu, Weiwei Xian (2009) Temporal and spatial patterns of the ichthyoplankton community in the Yangtze Estuary and its adjacent waters. Biodiversity Science, 17, 151-159. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08194.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08194

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2009/V17/I2/151

图/表 5

参考文献 38

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物种 Species	生态类型 Habitat	出现时间 Occurrence time
物种 Species	生态类型 Habitat	冬季 Winter	春季 Spring	夏季 Summer	秋季 Autumn
鳗鲡科 Anguillidae
鳗鲡科一种 Anguillidae sp.	B			*
合鳃鳗科 Synaphobranchidae
前肛鳗 Dysomma anguillaris	M			*
鳀科 Engraulidae
凤鲚 Coilia mystus	B		*	*	*
刀鲚 C. ectenes	B			*	*
鳀 Engraulis japonicus	M	*	*	*	*
赤鼻棱鳀 Thryssa kammalensis	C		*	*	*
中颌棱鳀 T. mystax	C	*		*
康氏小公鱼 Stolephorus commersonnii	C		*	*
鲱科 Clupeidae
斑鰶 Konosirus punctatus	M			*
鲤科 Cyprinidae
银飘鱼 Pseudolaubuca sinensis	F			*	*
寡鳞飘鱼 P. engraulis	F			*
银鱼科 Salangidae
前颌间银鱼 Hemisalanx prognathus	B			*	*
有明银鱼 Salanx ariakensis	B		*	*
狗母鱼科 Synodidae
龙头鱼 Harpodon nehereus	M			*	*
长蛇鲻 Saurida elongata	M			*
花斑蛇鲻 S. undosquamis	M			*
灯笼鱼科 Myctophidae
七星底灯鱼 Benthosema pterotum	M		*		*
鲻科 Mugilidae
棱鮻 Liza carinata	B		*
鮻 L. haematocheila	B			*
银汉鱼科 Atherinidae
白氏银汉鱼 Allanetta bleekeri	C		*	*	*
鱵科 Hemiramphidae
日本下鱵鱼 Hyporhamphus sajori	B		*	*
海龙鱼科 Syngnathidae
尖海龙 Syngnathus acus	M				*
鲉科 Scorpaenidae
单指虎鲉 Minous monodactylus	C			*	*
鲂鮄科 Triglidae
深海红娘鱼 Lepidotrigla abyssalis	M			*
鲬科 Platycephalidae
鲬 Platycephalus indicus	M			*
杜父鱼科 Cottidae
松江鲈 Trachidermus fasciatus	B		*	*
天竺鲷科 Apogonidae
细条天竺鲷 Apogon lineatus	M		*		*
鱚科 Sillaginidae
多鳞鱚 Sillago sihama	M			*
物种 Species	生态类型 Habitats	出现时间 Occurrence time
物种 Species	生态类型 Habitats	冬季 Winter	春季 Spring	夏季 Summer	秋季 Autumn
鲹科 Carangidae
竹荚鱼 Trachurus japonicus	M		*
蓝圆鲹 Decapterus maruadsi	M			*
石首鱼科 Sciaenidae
大黄鱼 Larimichthys crocea	C				*
小黄鱼 L. polyactis	C		*	*
棘头梅童鱼 Collichthys lucidus	C			*
鳚科 Blenniidae
美肩鳃鳚 Omobranchus elegans	C			*
塘鳢科 Eleotridae
锯塘鳢 Butis koilomatodon	B			*
鰕虎鱼科 Gobiidae
矛尾鰕虎鱼 Chaeturichthys stigmatias	B				*
六丝钝尾鰕虎鱼 Amblychaeturichthys hexanema	B		*
鰕虎鱼科一种 Gobiidae sp.	B		*	*
魣科 Sphyraenidae
油魣 Sphyraena pinguis	M			*
带鱼科 Trichiuridae
带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus	M			*	*
鲳科 Stromateidae
银鲳 Pampus argenteus	C		*
鲀科 Tetraodontidae
东方鲀属一种 Takifugu sp.	B		*
未定种1 Unidentified species 1				*
未定种2 Unidentified species 2				*
未定种3 Unidentified species 3				*

物种 Species	生态类型 Habitat	出现时间 Occurrence time
物种 Species	生态类型 Habitat	冬季 Winter	春季 Spring	夏季 Summer	秋季 Autumn
鳗鲡科 Anguillidae
鳗鲡科一种 Anguillidae sp.	B			*
合鳃鳗科 Synaphobranchidae
前肛鳗 Dysomma anguillaris	M			*
鳀科 Engraulidae
凤鲚 Coilia mystus	B		*	*	*
刀鲚 C. ectenes	B			*	*
鳀 Engraulis japonicus	M	*	*	*	*
赤鼻棱鳀 Thryssa kammalensis	C		*	*	*
中颌棱鳀 T. mystax	C	*		*
康氏小公鱼 Stolephorus commersonnii	C		*	*
鲱科 Clupeidae
斑鰶 Konosirus punctatus	M			*
鲤科 Cyprinidae
银飘鱼 Pseudolaubuca sinensis	F			*	*
寡鳞飘鱼 P. engraulis	F			*
银鱼科 Salangidae
前颌间银鱼 Hemisalanx prognathus	B			*	*
有明银鱼 Salanx ariakensis	B		*	*
狗母鱼科 Synodidae
龙头鱼 Harpodon nehereus	M			*	*
长蛇鲻 Saurida elongata	M			*
花斑蛇鲻 S. undosquamis	M			*
灯笼鱼科 Myctophidae
七星底灯鱼 Benthosema pterotum	M		*		*
鲻科 Mugilidae
棱鮻 Liza carinata	B		*
鮻 L. haematocheila	B			*
银汉鱼科 Atherinidae
白氏银汉鱼 Allanetta bleekeri	C		*	*	*
鱵科 Hemiramphidae
日本下鱵鱼 Hyporhamphus sajori	B		*	*
海龙鱼科 Syngnathidae
尖海龙 Syngnathus acus	M				*
鲉科 Scorpaenidae
单指虎鲉 Minous monodactylus	C			*	*
鲂鮄科 Triglidae
深海红娘鱼 Lepidotrigla abyssalis	M			*
鲬科 Platycephalidae
鲬 Platycephalus indicus	M			*
杜父鱼科 Cottidae
松江鲈 Trachidermus fasciatus	B		*	*
天竺鲷科 Apogonidae
细条天竺鲷 Apogon lineatus	M		*		*
鱚科 Sillaginidae
多鳞鱚 Sillago sihama	M			*
物种 Species	生态类型 Habitats	出现时间 Occurrence time
物种 Species	生态类型 Habitats	冬季 Winter	春季 Spring	夏季 Summer	秋季 Autumn
鲹科 Carangidae
竹荚鱼 Trachurus japonicus	M		*
蓝圆鲹 Decapterus maruadsi	M			*
石首鱼科 Sciaenidae
大黄鱼 Larimichthys crocea	C				*
小黄鱼 L. polyactis	C		*	*
棘头梅童鱼 Collichthys lucidus	C			*
鳚科 Blenniidae
美肩鳃鳚 Omobranchus elegans	C			*
塘鳢科 Eleotridae
锯塘鳢 Butis koilomatodon	B			*
鰕虎鱼科 Gobiidae
矛尾鰕虎鱼 Chaeturichthys stigmatias	B				*
六丝钝尾鰕虎鱼 Amblychaeturichthys hexanema	B		*
鰕虎鱼科一种 Gobiidae sp.	B		*	*
魣科 Sphyraenidae
油魣 Sphyraena pinguis	M			*
带鱼科 Trichiuridae
带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus	M			*	*
鲳科 Stromateidae
银鲳 Pampus argenteus	C		*
鲀科 Tetraodontidae
东方鲀属一种 Takifugu sp.	B		*
未定种1 Unidentified species 1				*
未定种2 Unidentified species 2				*
未定种3 Unidentified species 3				*

优势种 Dominant species	春季 Spring		夏季 Summer			秋季 Autumn			冬季 Winter			全年 Annual
优势种 Dominant species	IRI	数量(%) RAP		IRI	数量(%) RAP		IRI	数量(%) RAP		IRI	数量(%) RAP		IRI	数量(%) RAP
白氏银汉鱼 Allanetta bleekeri	1,128.53	38.99	43.51		1.39							109.47		7.61
凤鲚 Coilia mystus	683.45	32.46	363.83		8.32							222.24		10.34
松江鲈 Trachidermus fasciatus	238.37	18.12										11.37		2.02
鳀 Engraulis japonicus	175.44	6.67	4,109.07		77.35	647.23		19.96	147.06		50.00	2,396.44		65.74
康氏小公鱼 Stolephorus commersonnii	5.72	7.25										1.04		0.18
长蛇鲻 Saurida elongata			115.71		9.26							28.47		7.61
寡鳞飘鱼 Pseudolaubuca engraulis			9.41		0.75							2.31		0.62
前颌间银鱼 Hemisalanx prognathus						676.27		35.75				19.21		2.57
矛尾鰕虎鱼 Chaeturichthys stigmatias						365.10		33.77				8.91		2.38
刀鲚 Coilia ectenes						30.82		2.85				1.01		0.22
七星底灯鱼 Benthosema pterotum						21.34		2.63				75.22		0.20
中颌棱鳀 Thryssa mystax									147.06		50.00	0.03		0.05

优势种 Dominant species	春季 Spring		夏季 Summer			秋季 Autumn			冬季 Winter			全年 Annual
优势种 Dominant species	IRI	数量(%) RAP		IRI	数量(%) RAP		IRI	数量(%) RAP		IRI	数量(%) RAP		IRI	数量(%) RAP
白氏银汉鱼 Allanetta bleekeri	1,128.53	38.99	43.51		1.39							109.47		7.61
凤鲚 Coilia mystus	683.45	32.46	363.83		8.32							222.24		10.34
松江鲈 Trachidermus fasciatus	238.37	18.12										11.37		2.02
鳀 Engraulis japonicus	175.44	6.67	4,109.07		77.35	647.23		19.96	147.06		50.00	2,396.44		65.74
康氏小公鱼 Stolephorus commersonnii	5.72	7.25										1.04		0.18
长蛇鲻 Saurida elongata			115.71		9.26							28.47		7.61
寡鳞飘鱼 Pseudolaubuca engraulis			9.41		0.75							2.31		0.62
前颌间银鱼 Hemisalanx prognathus						676.27		35.75				19.21		2.57
矛尾鰕虎鱼 Chaeturichthys stigmatias						365.10		33.77				8.91		2.38
刀鲚 Coilia ectenes						30.82		2.85				1.01		0.22
七星底灯鱼 Benthosema pterotum						21.34		2.63				75.22		0.20
中颌棱鳀 Thryssa mystax									147.06		50.00	0.03		0.05

	春季 Spring	夏季 Summer	秋季 Autumn	冬季 Winter
Margalef 丰富度 Species richness (D)	0.35 ± 0.55^A	0.62 ± 0.71^B	0.29 ± 0.45^A,B	0.04 ± 0.25^C
Pielou 均匀度 Pielou evenness index (J′)	0.25 ± 0.38^A	0.29 ± 0.33^A	0.24 ± 0.37^A	0.03 ± 0.17^B
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H′)	0.24 ± 0.38^A	0.44 ± 0.54^B	0.23 ± 0.36^A,B	0.02 ± 0.12^C