生物多样性 ›› 2009, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (2): 151-159. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08194
收稿日期:
2008-08-18
接受日期:
2009-02-18
出版日期:
2009-03-20
发布日期:
2009-03-20
通讯作者:
线薇微
作者简介:
* E-mail: wwxian@qdio.ac.cn基金资助:
Shude Liu1,2, Weiwei Xian1,*()
Received:
2008-08-18
Accepted:
2009-02-18
Online:
2009-03-20
Published:
2009-03-20
Contact:
Weiwei Xian
摘要:
根据2007年长江口及其邻近水域4个航次调查资料, 探讨了该水域的鱼类浮游生物群落物种组成和多样性的季节变化特征。结果表明, 2007年共捕获鱼类浮游生物6,463个, 隶属12目28科45种, 以鳀科丰度最高, 占总丰度的76.5%。长江口鱼类浮游生物包括4种生态类型: 淡水型(2种), 半咸水型(14种), 沿岸型(10种)和近海型(16种)。 其中, 近海型物种个体数量最多, 占2007年长江口鱼类浮游生物总丰度的74.55%。鳀(Engraulis japonicus)在4个季节均有出现, 对长江口鱼类浮游生物丰度贡献最大。鱼类浮游生物在物种组成上存在明显的季节变化: 白氏银汉鱼(Allanetta bleekeri)在春季占绝对优势, 鳀是夏季优势度最高的种类, 秋季除鳀外, 前颌间银鱼(Hemisalanx prognathus)成为优势种; 鱼类浮游生物丰度高度集中在优势种上, 各季节优势种对总丰度贡献超过89%。群落物种数量、丰度、丰富度指数、均匀度指数和多样性指数, 在夏季最高, 春季和秋季次之, 冬季最低。长江口鱼类浮游生物群落物种组成和多样性的季节变化特征体现了鱼类繁殖迁移策略和鱼类对环境变异的响应。
刘淑德, 线薇微 (2009) 长江口及其邻近水域鱼类浮游生物群落的时空格局. 生物多样性, 17, 151-159. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08194.
Shude Liu, Weiwei Xian (2009) Temporal and spatial patterns of the ichthyoplankton community in the Yangtze Estuary and its adjacent waters. Biodiversity Science, 17, 151-159. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08194.
物种 Species | 生态类型 Habitat | 出现时间 Occurrence time | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
冬季 Winter | 春季 Spring | 夏季 Summer | 秋季 Autumn | ||
鳗鲡科 Anguillidae | |||||
鳗鲡科一种 Anguillidae sp. | B | * | |||
合鳃鳗科 Synaphobranchidae | |||||
前肛鳗 Dysomma anguillaris | M | * | |||
鳀科 Engraulidae | |||||
凤鲚 Coilia mystus | B | * | * | * | |
刀鲚 C. ectenes | B | * | * | ||
鳀 Engraulis japonicus | M | * | * | * | * |
赤鼻棱鳀 Thryssa kammalensis | C | * | * | * | |
中颌棱鳀 T. mystax | C | * | * | ||
康氏小公鱼 Stolephorus commersonnii | C | * | * | ||
鲱科 Clupeidae | |||||
斑鰶 Konosirus punctatus | M | * | |||
鲤科 Cyprinidae | |||||
银飘鱼 Pseudolaubuca sinensis | F | * | * | ||
寡鳞飘鱼 P. engraulis | F | * | |||
银鱼科 Salangidae | |||||
前颌间银鱼 Hemisalanx prognathus | B | * | * | ||
有明银鱼 Salanx ariakensis | B | * | * | ||
狗母鱼科 Synodidae | |||||
龙头鱼 Harpodon nehereus | M | * | * | ||
长蛇鲻 Saurida elongata | M | * | |||
花斑蛇鲻 S. undosquamis | M | * | |||
灯笼鱼科 Myctophidae | |||||
七星底灯鱼 Benthosema pterotum | M | * | * | ||
鲻科 Mugilidae | |||||
棱鮻 Liza carinata | B | * | |||
鮻 L. haematocheila | B | * | |||
银汉鱼科 Atherinidae | |||||
白氏银汉鱼 Allanetta bleekeri | C | * | * | * | |
鱵科 Hemiramphidae | |||||
日本下鱵鱼 Hyporhamphus sajori | B | * | * | ||
海龙鱼科 Syngnathidae | |||||
尖海龙 Syngnathus acus | M | * | |||
鲉科 Scorpaenidae | |||||
单指虎鲉 Minous monodactylus | C | * | * | ||
鲂鮄科 Triglidae | |||||
深海红娘鱼 Lepidotrigla abyssalis | M | * | |||
鲬科 Platycephalidae | |||||
鲬 Platycephalus indicus | M | * | |||
杜父鱼科 Cottidae | |||||
松江鲈 Trachidermus fasciatus | B | * | * | ||
天竺鲷科 Apogonidae | |||||
细条天竺鲷 Apogon lineatus | M | * | * | ||
鱚科 Sillaginidae | |||||
多鳞鱚 Sillago sihama | M | * | |||
物种 Species | 生态类型 Habitats | 出现时间 Occurrence time | |||
冬季 Winter | 春季 Spring | 夏季 Summer | 秋季 Autumn | ||
鲹科 Carangidae | |||||
竹荚鱼 Trachurus japonicus | M | * | |||
蓝圆鲹 Decapterus maruadsi | M | * | |||
石首鱼科 Sciaenidae | |||||
大黄鱼 Larimichthys crocea | C | * | |||
小黄鱼 L. polyactis | C | * | * | ||
棘头梅童鱼 Collichthys lucidus | C | * | |||
鳚科 Blenniidae | |||||
美肩鳃鳚 Omobranchus elegans | C | * | |||
塘鳢科 Eleotridae | |||||
锯塘鳢 Butis koilomatodon | B | * | |||
鰕虎鱼科 Gobiidae | |||||
矛尾鰕虎鱼 Chaeturichthys stigmatias | B | * | |||
六丝钝尾鰕虎鱼 Amblychaeturichthys hexanema | B | * | |||
鰕虎鱼科一种 Gobiidae sp. | B | * | * | ||
魣科 Sphyraenidae | |||||
油魣 Sphyraena pinguis | M | * | |||
带鱼科 Trichiuridae | |||||
带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus | M | * | * | ||
鲳科 Stromateidae | |||||
银鲳 Pampus argenteus | C | * | |||
鲀科 Tetraodontidae | |||||
东方鲀属一种 Takifugu sp. | B | * | |||
未定种1 Unidentified species 1 | * | ||||
未定种2 Unidentified species 2 | * | ||||
未定种3 Unidentified species 3 | * |
表1 长江口鱼类浮游生物名录
Table 1 Species categories of ichthyoplankton in Yangtze estuary
物种 Species | 生态类型 Habitat | 出现时间 Occurrence time | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
冬季 Winter | 春季 Spring | 夏季 Summer | 秋季 Autumn | ||
鳗鲡科 Anguillidae | |||||
鳗鲡科一种 Anguillidae sp. | B | * | |||
合鳃鳗科 Synaphobranchidae | |||||
前肛鳗 Dysomma anguillaris | M | * | |||
鳀科 Engraulidae | |||||
凤鲚 Coilia mystus | B | * | * | * | |
刀鲚 C. ectenes | B | * | * | ||
鳀 Engraulis japonicus | M | * | * | * | * |
赤鼻棱鳀 Thryssa kammalensis | C | * | * | * | |
中颌棱鳀 T. mystax | C | * | * | ||
康氏小公鱼 Stolephorus commersonnii | C | * | * | ||
鲱科 Clupeidae | |||||
斑鰶 Konosirus punctatus | M | * | |||
鲤科 Cyprinidae | |||||
银飘鱼 Pseudolaubuca sinensis | F | * | * | ||
寡鳞飘鱼 P. engraulis | F | * | |||
银鱼科 Salangidae | |||||
前颌间银鱼 Hemisalanx prognathus | B | * | * | ||
有明银鱼 Salanx ariakensis | B | * | * | ||
狗母鱼科 Synodidae | |||||
龙头鱼 Harpodon nehereus | M | * | * | ||
长蛇鲻 Saurida elongata | M | * | |||
花斑蛇鲻 S. undosquamis | M | * | |||
灯笼鱼科 Myctophidae | |||||
七星底灯鱼 Benthosema pterotum | M | * | * | ||
鲻科 Mugilidae | |||||
棱鮻 Liza carinata | B | * | |||
鮻 L. haematocheila | B | * | |||
银汉鱼科 Atherinidae | |||||
白氏银汉鱼 Allanetta bleekeri | C | * | * | * | |
鱵科 Hemiramphidae | |||||
日本下鱵鱼 Hyporhamphus sajori | B | * | * | ||
海龙鱼科 Syngnathidae | |||||
尖海龙 Syngnathus acus | M | * | |||
鲉科 Scorpaenidae | |||||
单指虎鲉 Minous monodactylus | C | * | * | ||
鲂鮄科 Triglidae | |||||
深海红娘鱼 Lepidotrigla abyssalis | M | * | |||
鲬科 Platycephalidae | |||||
鲬 Platycephalus indicus | M | * | |||
杜父鱼科 Cottidae | |||||
松江鲈 Trachidermus fasciatus | B | * | * | ||
天竺鲷科 Apogonidae | |||||
细条天竺鲷 Apogon lineatus | M | * | * | ||
鱚科 Sillaginidae | |||||
多鳞鱚 Sillago sihama | M | * | |||
物种 Species | 生态类型 Habitats | 出现时间 Occurrence time | |||
冬季 Winter | 春季 Spring | 夏季 Summer | 秋季 Autumn | ||
鲹科 Carangidae | |||||
竹荚鱼 Trachurus japonicus | M | * | |||
蓝圆鲹 Decapterus maruadsi | M | * | |||
石首鱼科 Sciaenidae | |||||
大黄鱼 Larimichthys crocea | C | * | |||
小黄鱼 L. polyactis | C | * | * | ||
棘头梅童鱼 Collichthys lucidus | C | * | |||
鳚科 Blenniidae | |||||
美肩鳃鳚 Omobranchus elegans | C | * | |||
塘鳢科 Eleotridae | |||||
锯塘鳢 Butis koilomatodon | B | * | |||
鰕虎鱼科 Gobiidae | |||||
矛尾鰕虎鱼 Chaeturichthys stigmatias | B | * | |||
六丝钝尾鰕虎鱼 Amblychaeturichthys hexanema | B | * | |||
鰕虎鱼科一种 Gobiidae sp. | B | * | * | ||
魣科 Sphyraenidae | |||||
油魣 Sphyraena pinguis | M | * | |||
带鱼科 Trichiuridae | |||||
带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus | M | * | * | ||
鲳科 Stromateidae | |||||
银鲳 Pampus argenteus | C | * | |||
鲀科 Tetraodontidae | |||||
东方鲀属一种 Takifugu sp. | B | * | |||
未定种1 Unidentified species 1 | * | ||||
未定种2 Unidentified species 2 | * | ||||
未定种3 Unidentified species 3 | * |
优势种 Dominant species | 春季 Spring | 夏季 Summer | 秋季 Autumn | 冬季 Winter | 全年 Annual | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IRI | 数量(%) RAP | IRI | 数量(%) RAP | IRI | 数量(%) RAP | IRI | 数量(%) RAP | IRI | 数量(%) RAP | |||||
白氏银汉鱼 Allanetta bleekeri | 1,128.53 | 38.99 | 43.51 | 1.39 | 109.47 | 7.61 | ||||||||
凤鲚 Coilia mystus | 683.45 | 32.46 | 363.83 | 8.32 | 222.24 | 10.34 | ||||||||
松江鲈 Trachidermus fasciatus | 238.37 | 18.12 | 11.37 | 2.02 | ||||||||||
鳀 Engraulis japonicus | 175.44 | 6.67 | 4,109.07 | 77.35 | 647.23 | 19.96 | 147.06 | 50.00 | 2,396.44 | 65.74 | ||||
康氏小公鱼 Stolephorus commersonnii | 5.72 | 7.25 | 1.04 | 0.18 | ||||||||||
长蛇鲻 Saurida elongata | 115.71 | 9.26 | 28.47 | 7.61 | ||||||||||
寡鳞飘鱼 Pseudolaubuca engraulis | 9.41 | 0.75 | 2.31 | 0.62 | ||||||||||
前颌间银鱼 Hemisalanx prognathus | 676.27 | 35.75 | 19.21 | 2.57 | ||||||||||
矛尾鰕虎鱼 Chaeturichthys stigmatias | 365.10 | 33.77 | 8.91 | 2.38 | ||||||||||
刀鲚 Coilia ectenes | 30.82 | 2.85 | 1.01 | 0.22 | ||||||||||
七星底灯鱼 Benthosema pterotum | 21.34 | 2.63 | 75.22 | 0.20 | ||||||||||
中颌棱鳀 Thryssa mystax | 147.06 | 50.00 | 0.03 | 0.05 |
表2 2007年长江口各季节鱼类浮游生物优势种组成
Table 2 Composition of dominant ichthyoplankton species in differernt seasons in 2007 in Yangtze estuary
优势种 Dominant species | 春季 Spring | 夏季 Summer | 秋季 Autumn | 冬季 Winter | 全年 Annual | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IRI | 数量(%) RAP | IRI | 数量(%) RAP | IRI | 数量(%) RAP | IRI | 数量(%) RAP | IRI | 数量(%) RAP | |||||
白氏银汉鱼 Allanetta bleekeri | 1,128.53 | 38.99 | 43.51 | 1.39 | 109.47 | 7.61 | ||||||||
凤鲚 Coilia mystus | 683.45 | 32.46 | 363.83 | 8.32 | 222.24 | 10.34 | ||||||||
松江鲈 Trachidermus fasciatus | 238.37 | 18.12 | 11.37 | 2.02 | ||||||||||
鳀 Engraulis japonicus | 175.44 | 6.67 | 4,109.07 | 77.35 | 647.23 | 19.96 | 147.06 | 50.00 | 2,396.44 | 65.74 | ||||
康氏小公鱼 Stolephorus commersonnii | 5.72 | 7.25 | 1.04 | 0.18 | ||||||||||
长蛇鲻 Saurida elongata | 115.71 | 9.26 | 28.47 | 7.61 | ||||||||||
寡鳞飘鱼 Pseudolaubuca engraulis | 9.41 | 0.75 | 2.31 | 0.62 | ||||||||||
前颌间银鱼 Hemisalanx prognathus | 676.27 | 35.75 | 19.21 | 2.57 | ||||||||||
矛尾鰕虎鱼 Chaeturichthys stigmatias | 365.10 | 33.77 | 8.91 | 2.38 | ||||||||||
刀鲚 Coilia ectenes | 30.82 | 2.85 | 1.01 | 0.22 | ||||||||||
七星底灯鱼 Benthosema pterotum | 21.34 | 2.63 | 75.22 | 0.20 | ||||||||||
中颌棱鳀 Thryssa mystax | 147.06 | 50.00 | 0.03 | 0.05 |
春季 Spring | 夏季 Summer | 秋季 Autumn | 冬季 Winter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Margalef 丰富度 Species richness (D) | 0.35 ± 0.55A | 0.62 ± 0.71B | 0.29 ± 0.45A,B | 0.04 ± 0.25C |
Pielou 均匀度 Pielou evenness index (J′) | 0.25 ± 0.38A | 0.29 ± 0.33A | 0.24 ± 0.37A | 0.03 ± 0.17B |
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H′) | 0.24 ± 0.38A | 0.44 ± 0.54B | 0.23 ± 0.36A,B | 0.02 ± 0.12C |
表3 长江口及其邻近水域鱼类浮游生物多样性
Table 3 Diversity index of ichthyoplankton in different seasons in the Yangtze estuary and adjacent coastal sea
春季 Spring | 夏季 Summer | 秋季 Autumn | 冬季 Winter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Margalef 丰富度 Species richness (D) | 0.35 ± 0.55A | 0.62 ± 0.71B | 0.29 ± 0.45A,B | 0.04 ± 0.25C |
Pielou 均匀度 Pielou evenness index (J′) | 0.25 ± 0.38A | 0.29 ± 0.33A | 0.24 ± 0.37A | 0.03 ± 0.17B |
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H′) | 0.24 ± 0.38A | 0.44 ± 0.54B | 0.23 ± 0.36A,B | 0.02 ± 0.12C |
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