獐牙菜属四种植物花蜜特征的比较

doi:10.17520/biods.2023297

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 23297. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023297 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2023297

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

獐牙菜属四种植物花蜜特征的比较

文诗嘉¹^,²(), 邓敏学¹^,²(), 吴丁², 王志勇¹, 任宗昕³^,^*()()

1.海南大学林学院, 海口 570228
2.景德镇学院江西省特色资源生物多样性重点实验室, 江西景德镇 334000
3.中国科学院昆明植物研究所东亚植物多样性与生物地理学重点实验室, 昆明 650201

收稿日期:2023-08-21 接受日期:2023-11-22 出版日期:2024-01-20 发布日期:2023-11-28
通讯作者: *E-mail: renzongxin@mail.kib.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32271594)

Comparative floral nectar attributes in four Swertia species (Gentianaceae)

Shijia Wen¹^,²(), Minxue Deng¹^,²(), Ding Wu², Zhiyong Wang¹, Zongxin Ren³^,^*()()

1 College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228
2 Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Biodiversity, Jingdezhen University, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi 334000
3 Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201

Received:2023-08-21 Accepted:2023-11-22 Online:2024-01-20 Published:2023-11-28
Contact: *E-mail: renzongxin@mail.kib.ac.cn

1. 附录.pdf(463KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

花蜜的分泌特征在种间、种内以及植株内不同花朵间的变异决定了花朵对访花动物的吸引和访花模式, 进而影响传粉效率和植物繁殖成功。然而, 我们对花蜜分泌特征变异性的认识还不够深入, 缺乏野外实验数据。研究选取龙胆科獐牙菜属(Swertia) 4种同域分布的植物, 即獐牙菜(S. bimaculata)、西南獐牙菜(S. cincta)、贵州獐牙菜(S. kouitchensis)和紫红獐牙菜(S. punicea)为研究对象, 开展花蜜特征及其变异性的研究。通过比较种内套袋24 h和自然状况下花朵的3个花蜜特征, 即花蜜体积、糖浓度和含糖量(重量)的异同, 以及同一植株不同花朵间花蜜特征的差异, 试图阐明花蜜特征在种间、种内植株间和个体内的变异性。结果显示獐牙菜属4种植物的花蜜特征有显著差异; 套袋24 h处理和自然状态花朵的花蜜特征大多有显著差异, 仅有獐牙菜和贵州獐牙菜的糖浓度在两种处理间差异不显著; 相邻两朵花的糖浓度都具有显著正相关, 然而, 花蜜体积和糖含量在相邻花朵间的相似性较低; 相邻两朵花花蜜特征的正相关在套袋处理花中高于自然状态, 显示自然状态下花蜜特征的高变异性。研究结果表明花蜜的变异性包括: (1)花蜜的种间差异可能与传粉昆虫类群有关; (2)同一植株相邻花朵间花蜜糖浓度显著相关, 表明花蜜体积和含糖量相互调节使得花蜜糖浓度保持在相似区间内; (3)花蜜特征在个体间和花朵间较高的变异性可促使传粉者在植株间访问, 从而提升植物繁殖成功率。

关键词: 花蜜, 分泌规律, 变异, 蜜腺, 糖浓度

Abstract

Aims: Floral nectar secretions at interspecific and intraspecific levels, as well as the variation among different flowers within a plant, influence pollinator attraction. By impacting pollinator visitation patterns, these factors consequently influence pollination effectiveness and plant reproductive success. However, our understanding of the variability in floral nectar production is limited by a lack of quantitative measurements.

Methods: In this study, we selected four sympatric species within the genus Swertia (Gentianaceae), Swertia bimaculata, S. cincta, S. kouitchensis and S. punicea, to study variations in floral nectar attributes. We compared volume, sugar concentration and sugar content (weight) for flowers under two treatments: (1) flowers bagged for 24 hours and (2) freshly opened flowers in natural field conditions. We examined differences among neighboring flowers to test floral nectar variations across and within individual plants.

Results: We found that floral nectar attributes were significantly different among the studied species. Except for sugar concentration in S. bimaculata and S. kouitchensis, all nectar attributes differed between treatments. Sugar concentration was similar between neighboring flowers under the two treatments for S. cincta and S. punicea. In contrast, nectar volume and sugar content showed significant difference between neighboring flowers. Furthermore, correlations for the three attributes were more commonly detected in 24 h bagged flowers than in flowers under natural conditions, suggesting a high variation of floral nectar for flowers in the field.

Conclusion: Our results indicate high variability in floral nectar within the Swertia species. Interspecific difference of floral nectar may relate to pollinator spectrum differentiation. Similarity of sugar concentration within neighboring flowers may be a result of stabilization mechanisms maintained by nectar volume and sugar content. The higher variation in floral nectar under natural conditions potentially drive floral visitors to select different plant individuals.

Key words: floral nectar, secretion dynamic, variation, nectary, sugar concentration

文诗嘉, 邓敏学, 吴丁, 王志勇, 任宗昕 (2024) 獐牙菜属四种植物花蜜特征的比较. 生物多样性, 32, 23297. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023297.

Shijia Wen, Minxue Deng, Ding Wu, Zhiyong Wang, Zongxin Ren (2024) Comparative floral nectar attributes in four Swertia species (Gentianaceae). Biodiversity Science, 32, 23297. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023297.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023297

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I1/23297

图/表 5

图1 4种獐牙菜属植物的花部特征。A: 獐牙菜; B: 西南獐牙菜; C: 贵州獐牙菜; D: 紫红獐牙菜。箭头所指为蜜腺。

Fig. 1 Floral characteristics of four species in the genus Swertia. The arrows indicate nectaries. A, Swertia bimaculata; B, S. cincta; C, S. kouitchensis; D, S. punicea.

表1 獐牙菜属4种植物的蜜腺特征、花期和生境比较

Table 1 Floral nectaries, flowering phenology and habitats of four species in the genus Swertia

种名 Species	蜜腺特征 Floral nectaries	花期 Flowering phenology	生境 Habitats
獐牙菜 S. bimaculata	蜜腺斑点黄绿色、裸露于花冠裂片表面 Nectary spots yellow-green, exposed on the surface of corolla lobes	9-11月 Sep. to Nov.	林下、灌丛中 Under the woods and underbrush
西南獐牙菜 S. cincta	开口朝上的马蹄形腺窝, 位于花冠裂片基部 A horseshoe shaped nectary with an upward opening, located at the base of corolla lobes	8-11月 Aug. to Nov.	潮湿山坡、林下、灌丛中 Wet hillside, under the woods, and underbrush
贵州獐牙菜 S. kouitchensis	腺窝黄绿色, 具流苏覆盖 The nectaries are yellow-green and covered with tassels	8-10月 Aug. to Oct.	山坡草地、灌丛中 Hillside meadow and underbrush
紫红獐牙菜 S. punicea	腺窝紫红色, 具流苏覆盖 The nectaries are purple-red and covered with tassels	9-11月 Sep. to Nov.	林下、草地、灌丛中 Under the woods, grassland, and underbrush

图2 獐牙菜属植物花朵套袋24 h花蜜储存量和自然状态现存量的比较。花蜜特征包括: 花蜜体积(μL)、糖浓度(%)、含糖量(mg)的方差分析。A-C: 獐牙菜; D-F: 西南獐牙菜; G-I: 贵州獐牙菜; J-L: 紫红獐牙菜。NS, P > 0.05; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001。

Fig. 2 Comparison of floral nectar attributes (nectar volume, sugar concentration and sugar mass) for 24 h bagged flowers and flowers in natural conditions among four Swertia species. A-C, S. bimaculata; D-F, S. cincta; G-I, S. kouitchensis; J-L, S. punicea. NS, P > 0.05; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001.

图3-4 獐牙菜(图3)、西南獐牙菜(图4)相邻两朵花花蜜特征(花蜜体积、糖浓度、含糖量)相关性的回归分析。A-C: 套袋24 h的储存量; D-F: 现存量。Flower N和Flower N + 1分别为同一株植物上不同的两朵花。* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001。

Fig. 3-4 Correlation of floral nectar attributes (nectar volume, sugar concentration and sugar mass) between two neighbored flowers in Swertia bimaculata (Fig. 3) and S. cincta (Fig. 4). A-C, Flowers bagged for 24 hours; D-F, Standing crops under the natural conditions. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001.

图5-6 贵州獐牙菜、紫红獐牙菜相邻两朵花花蜜特征(花蜜体积、糖浓度、含糖量)相关性的回归分析。A-C: 套袋24 h的储存量; D-F: 现存量。Flower N和Flower N + 1分别为同一株植物上不同的两朵花。* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001。

Fig. 5-6 Correlation of floral nectar attributes (nectar volume, sugar concentration and sugar mass) between two neighbored flowers in Swertia kouitchensis (Fig. 5) and S. punicea (Fig. 6). A-C, Flowers bagged for 24 hours; D-F, Standing crops under the natural conditions. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001.

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獐牙菜属四种植物花蜜特征的比较

Comparative floral nectar attributes in four Swertia species (Gentianaceae)

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