土壤细菌和线虫对热带雨林优势植物凋落物特性和多样性的响应

doi:10.17520/biods.2023276

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (11): 23276. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023276

• 研究报告: 生态系统多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

土壤细菌和线虫对热带雨林优势植物凋落物特性和多样性的响应

刘金花¹^,², 李风¹^,², 田桃¹^,², 肖海峰¹^,²^,^*()

1.湘南学院化学与环境科学学院, 湖南郴州 423099
2.湘南稀贵金属化合物及应用湖南省重点实验室, 湖南郴州 423099

收稿日期:2023-07-31 接受日期:2023-10-09 出版日期:2023-11-20 发布日期:2023-11-09
通讯作者: * E-mail: hfxiao@xnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2020JJ4564);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2022JJ40414);湘南学院校级科学研究项目国家可持续发展创新议程专项(2020XJ12);湖南省教育厅科学研究一般项目(21C0714)

Response of soil bacteria and nematodes to litter identity and diversity of dominant plants in a tropical rainforest

Jinhua Liu¹^,², Feng Li¹^,², Tao Tian¹^,², Haifeng Xiao¹^,²^,^*()

1 School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan 423099
2 Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metal Compounds and Applications, Chenzhou, Hunan 423099

Received:2023-07-31 Accepted:2023-10-09 Online:2023-11-20 Published:2023-11-09
Contact: * E-mail: hfxiao@xnu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地上植物资源向地下部输入被认为是调控土壤生物群落的关键因素, 因为植物是几乎所有土壤生物的主要能量来源。然而, 关于植物凋落物特性和多样性如何影响土壤微生物和微型动物的多样性和群落仍然知之甚少。本研究以土壤细菌和线虫为研究对象, 通过盆钵试验, 设置单一添加不同热带森林优势植物种凋落物, 以及构建不同种凋落物混合的多样性梯度(1种、2种、4种和7种), 探究不同植物凋落物本身特性及多样性对土壤细菌和线虫群落的影响。结果显示: (1)凋落物添加显著提高了土壤碳、氮、有效磷、有效钾含量, 并显著增加了土壤pH值。(2)与对照处理(不添加凋落物)相比, 添加单一植物种凋落物降低了细菌和线虫多样性。(3)与对照处理相比, 单独添加不同植物种的凋落物对细菌和线虫群落均有显著影响。然而在不同凋落物添加处理之间, 只有望天树凋落物处理与其他处理间细菌群落具有显著差异, 其余处理间细菌和线虫群落差异均不显著。(4)凋落物多样性会显著影响细菌和线虫多样性及群落组成, 具体表现为细菌和线虫多样性随凋落物多样性梯度增加而增加。相较于低的凋落物多样性处理(CK、1种、2种), 高多样性条件下(4种和7种)细菌和线虫群落相似度更低。上述研究结果表明地上凋落物多样性不仅会直接影响土壤微生物群落, 还将通过级联效应影响更高营养级别的土壤动物群落。研究结果对于深入理解植物与细菌和线虫多样性及群落的关系、热带森林中土壤养分斑块的聚集效应、生物多样性的维持机制, 以及全球变化背景下植物多样性丧失对土壤生态系统的潜在影响等方面都提供了重要的理论参考价值。

关键词: 土壤细菌, 土壤线虫, 凋落物特性, 凋落物多样性, 群落组成

Abstract

Aims: The input of aboveground plant resources into the belowground components is considered a key factor in regulating soil biota communities, as plants serve as the primary energy source for nearly all soil organisms. However, our understanding of how plant litter identity and diversity influence the diversity and communities of soil microorganisms and microfauna remains limited. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the impact of different plant litter identity and diversity on soil bacterial and nematode diversity and communities.

Methods: In this study, soil bacteria and nematodes were selected as the subjects of investigation. Through pot experiments, we first introduced litter from various dominant tropical forest plant species individually, aiming to explore the influence of distinct plant litter identity on the diversity and communities of soil bacteria and nematodes. Subsequently, we established five gradients of litter diversity, including a control (with no added litter), one-species litter (from Sloanea tomentosa), two-species mixed litter (Sloanea tomentosa + Strychnos cathayensis), four-species mixed litter (Sloanea tomentosa + Strychnos cathayensis + Orophea laui + Pometia pinnata), and seven-species mixed litter (Sloanea tomentosa + Strychnos cathayensis + Orophea laui + Pometia pinnata + Ficus virens + Ficus sagittata + Castanopsis indica). The aim was to investigate the impact of varying plant litter diversity on the diversity and communities of soil bacteria and nematodes.

Results: Our results revealed the following: (1) Litter addition significantly increased soil carbon, nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium content, and notably raised soil pH. (2) Compared to the control treatment (no litter addition), adding litter from a single plant species led to a decrease in bacterial and nematode diversity. (3) Similarly, adding litter from different individual plant species had significant impacts on both bacterial and nematode communities compared to the control treatment. However, among the various litter addition treatments, only the litter from the Parashorea chinensis significantly differed in bacterial community composition from the other treatments, while differences in bacterial and nematode communities between other treatments were not significant. (4) Litter diversity significantly influenced bacterial and nematode diversity and community composition. Specifically, bacterial and nematode diversity increased with higher litter diversity gradients. Under high diversity conditions (four and seven species), bacterial and nematode communities showed less similarity compared to treatments with lower litter diversity (CK, one, and two species).

Conclusion: These findings suggest that aboveground litter diversity not only directly affects the soil microbial communities, but also influences soil faunal communities at higher trophic levels through cascading effects. The results provide important theoretical references for understanding the relationship between plant and bacterial and nematode diversity and communities, the aggregation effect of soil nutrient patches in tropical forests, the mechanism of biodiversity maintenance, and the potential impacts of the loss of plant diversity on soil ecosystems in the context of global change.

Key words: soil bacteria, soil nematode, litter identity, litter diversity, community composition

刘金花, 李风, 田桃, 肖海峰 (2023) 土壤细菌和线虫对热带雨林优势植物凋落物特性和多样性的响应. 生物多样性, 31, 23276. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023276.

Jinhua Liu, Feng Li, Tao Tian, Haifeng Xiao (2023) Response of soil bacteria and nematodes to litter identity and diversity of dominant plants in a tropical rainforest. Biodiversity Science, 31, 23276. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023276.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023276

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I11/23276

图/表 7

表1 凋落物处理以及不同凋落物的初始养分含量

Table 1 Litter treatments, and initial nutrient concentrations of each treatment used

处理 Treatments	凋落物种 Species of litter	总有机碳 Total organic carbon (g/kg)	总氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	碳氮比 C/N ratio (%)	总磷 Total phosphorus (g/kg)	总钾 Total potassium (g/kg)
1	望天树 PC	480.54 ± 6.47^a	24.68 ± 2.97^a	19.45 ± 2.83^a	1.51 ± 0.13^a	11.11 ± 0.58^a
2	绒毛猴欢喜 ST	469.75 ± 3.85^a	20.41 ± 2.89^a	23.02 ± 2.59^a	1.49 ± 0.21^a	10.57 ± 0.63^a
3	华马钱 SC	471.41 ± 3.74^a	21.68 ± 1.56^a	21.74 ± 2.41^a	1.53 ± 0.12^a	11.24 ± 0.66^a
4	蚁花 OL	476.57 ± 2.12^a	21.17 ± 2.11^a	22.51 ± 2.23^a	1.54 ± 0.09^a	10.39 ± 0.45^a
5	番龙眼 PP	470.12 ± 3.88^a	21.31 ± 2.45^a	22.06 ± 1.99^a	1.49 ± 0.18^a	9.87 ± 0.79^a
6	黄葛树 FV	467.71 ± 5.09^a	20.97 ± 2.63^a	22.30 ± 2.72^a	1.48 ± 0.14^a	9.51 ± 0.91^a
7	羊乳榕 FS	468.23 ± 6.67^a	20.58 ± 2.39^a	22.75 ± 2.16^a	1.52 ± 0.07^a	10.71 ± 0.53^a
8	印度锥 CI	470.74 ± 4.98^a	20.78 ± 2.17^a	22.65 ± 2.07^a	1.48 ± 0.11^a	9.59 ± 0.86^a
1种 1 species	ST
2种 2 species	ST + SC
4种 4 species	ST + SC+ OL + PP
7种 7 species	ST + SC + OL + PP + FV+ FS + CI
对照 CK	不添加凋落物 Without litter

表2 凋落物特性对土壤养分的影响

Table 2 Effect of litter identity on soil nutrients

处理 Treatments	凋落物种 Species of litter	总有机碳 Total organic carbon (g/kg)	总氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg/kg)	有效钾 Available potassium (mg/kg)	土壤pH值 Soil pH
1	对照 CK	19.04 ± 0.03^b	2.15 ± 0.03^c	1.32 ± 0.07^b	41.35 ± 0.56^c	4.89 ± 0.03^c
2	望天树 PC	27.71 ± 1.19^a	2.68 ± 0.15^ab	1.45 ± 0.08^a	42.49 ± 0.81^bc	5.19 ± 0.03^a
3	绒毛猴欢喜 ST	26.69 ± 0.91^a	2.76 ± 0.07^ab	1.49 ± 0.05^a	43.15 ± 2.31^abc	5.15 ± 0.13^ab
4	华马钱 SC	27.34 ± 1.34^a	2.78 ± 0.11^a	1.42 ± 0.09^a	44.49 ± 1.82^a	5.03 ± 0.10^bc
5	蚁花 OL	27.65 ± 1.90^a	2.65 ± 0.13^b	1.48 ± 0.06^a	42.76 ± 2.14^abc	5.21 ± 0.11^a
6	番龙眼 PP	28.02 ± 1.64^a	2.67 ± 0.06^ab	1.46 ± 0.07^a	42.93 ± 1.35^abc	5.03 ± 0.25^bc
7	黄葛树 FV	27.05 ± 1.54^a	2.69 ± 0.04^ab	1.47 ± 0.08^a	44.52 ± 2.02^a	5.09 ± 0.21^ab
8	羊乳榕 FS	26.69 ± 1.45^a	2.65 ± 0.12^b	1.47 ± 0.06^a	44.21 ± 2.07^ab	5.18 ± 0.04^ab
9	印度锥 CI	27.88 ± 1.43^a	2.65 ± 0.13^b	1.44 ± 0.04^a	43.09 ± 1.63^abc	5.15 ± 0.15^ab

表3 凋落物多样性对土壤养分的影响

Table 3 Effect of litter diversity on soil nutrients

处理 Treatments	凋落物多样性 Litter diversity	总有机碳 Total organic carbon (g/kg)	总氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg/kg)	有效钾 Available potassium (mg/kg)	土壤pH值 Soil pH
1	CK	19.02 ± 0.13^b	2.07 ± 0.07^c	1.39 ± 0.08^b	41.32 ± 1.61^b	4.92 ± 0.08^c
2	ST	27.72 ± 1.22^a	2.78 ± 0.15^a	1.45 ± 0.09^ab	43.34 ± 1.49^a	5.25 ± 0.09^a
3	ST + SC	27.46 ± 1.42^a	2.66 ± 0.09^b	1.50 ± 0.09^a	42.71 ± 1.16^a	5.07 ± 0.11^b
4	ST + SC + OL + PP	27.31 ± 0.94^a	2.81 ± 0.15^a	1.51 ± 0.13^a	43.59 ± 0.85^a	5.25 ± 0.10^a
5	ST + SC + OL + PP + FV + FS + CI	27.22 ± 1.10^a	2.78 ± 0.09^a	1.47 ± 0.08^ab	42.88 ± 2.23^a	5.18 ± 0.06^a

图1 细菌(A)和线虫(B) alpha多样性(Shannon index)对单独添加不同植物凋落物的响应。误差线表示标准差(n = 8), 不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著性(P < 0.05, 邓肯检验)。CK: 对照处理。PC: 望天树; ST: 绒毛猴欢喜; SC: 华马钱; OL: 蚁花; PP: 番龙眼; FV: 黄葛树; FS: 羊乳榕; CI: 印度锥。

Fig. 1 Response of bacterial (A) and nematode (B) alpha diversity (Shannon index) to the litter addition of different plant species. Error bar indicate standard deviation (n = 8), and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05, Duncan’s test). CK: Control treatment; PC, Parashorea chinensis; ST, Sloanea tomentosa; SC, Strychnos cathayensis; OL, Orophea laui; PP, Pometia pinnata; FV, Ficus virens; FS, F. sagittata; CI, Castanopsis indica.

图2 PcoA分析细菌(A)和线虫(B)群落对单独添加不同植物凋落物的响应。CK: 对照处理; PC: 望天树; ST: 绒毛猴欢喜; SC: 华马钱; OL:蚁花; PP: 番龙眼; FV: 黄葛树; FS: 羊乳榕; CI: 印度锥。

Fig. 2 PcoA analysis of the bacterial and nematode communities in response to the addition of different plant litter. CK, Control treatment; PC, Parashorea chinensis; ST, Sloanea tomentosa; SC, Strychnos cathayensis; OL, Orophea laui; PP, Pometia pinnata; FV, Ficus virens; FS, F. sagittata; CI, Castanopsis indica.

图3 细菌(A)和线虫(B) alpha多样性(Shannon index)对凋落物多样性的响应。误差线表示标准差(n = 10), 不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著性(P <0.05, 邓肯检验)。CK, 对照处理; 1Species: 只添加绒毛猴欢喜凋落物; 2Species: 添加绒毛猴欢喜 + 华马钱; 4Species: 添加绒毛猴欢喜 + 华马钱 + 蚁花 + 番龙眼; 7species: 添加绒毛猴欢喜 + 华马钱 + 蚁花 + 番龙眼 + 黄葛树 + 羊乳榕 + 印度锥。

Fig. 3 Response of bacterial (A) and nematode (B) alpha diversity (Shannon index) to the litter diversity. Error bar indicate standard deviation (n = 10), and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05, Duncan’s test). CK, Control treatment; 1Species, The addition of Sloanea tomentosa; 2Species, The addition of Sloanea tomentosa and Strychnos cathayensis; 4Species, The addition of Sloanea tomentosa, Strychnos cathayensis, Orophea laui and Pometia pinnata; 7Species, The addition of Sloanea tomentosa, Strychnos cathayensis, Orophea laui, Pometia pinnata, Ficus virens, F. sagittata and Castanopsis indica.

图4 PcoA分析细菌(A)和线虫(B)群落对凋落物多样性的响应。CK, 对照处理; 1Species: 只添加绒毛猴欢喜凋落物; 2Species: 添加绒毛猴欢喜 + 华马钱; 4Species: 添加绒毛猴欢喜 + 华马钱 + 蚁花 + 番龙眼; 7species: 添加绒毛猴欢喜 + 华马钱 + 蚁花 + 番龙眼 + 黄葛树 + 羊乳榕 + 印度锥。

Fig. 4 PcoA analysis of bacterial (A) and nematode (B) communities in response to litter diversity. CK, Control treatment; 1Species, The addition of Sloanea tomentosa; 2Species, The addition of Sloanea tomentosa and Strychnos cathayensis; 4Species, The addition of Sloanea tomentosa, Strychnos cathayensis, Orophea laui and Pometia pinnata; 7Species, The addition of Sloanea tomentosa, Strychnos cathayensis, Orophea laui, Pometia pinnata, Ficus virens, F. sagittata and Castanopsis indica.

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土壤细菌和线虫对热带雨林优势植物凋落物特性和多样性的响应

Response of soil bacteria and nematodes to litter identity and diversity of dominant plants in a tropical rainforest

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