我国寒温带至亚热带森林多孔菌区系和多样性比较

doi:10.17520/biods.2021094

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多孔菌是木材腐朽菌的重要类群, 具有重要的生态功能和经济价值。本文比较分析了我国寒温带至亚热带的阿尔泰山脉、秦岭山脉和南岭山脉的多孔菌物种、生态习性和区系特征。经调查, 在三个山脉共发现多孔菌8目29科107属287种, 其中阿尔泰山、秦岭和南岭分别为84种、132种、160种, 优势科均为多孔菌科和锈革孔菌科。三个山脉的共有属和共有种分别为25个和14个。区系地理分析发现, 阿尔泰山脉和秦岭山脉以世界广布成分和北温带成分为主, 南岭山脉以世界广布和泛热带成分为主。在寄主选择性方面, 阿尔泰山脉的多孔菌偏好生长在裸子植物上, 其比例高于被子植物, 而秦岭和南岭则相反。在腐朽类型方面, 从寒温带至亚热带白腐真菌物种数量呈现逐渐上升的趋势, 而褐腐真菌数量逐渐下降。通过比较分析3个不同气候带的多孔菌物种多样性、寄主偏好性和引起的腐朽类型, 发现气候和植被类型是影响多孔菌区系组成的主要因素。

关键词: 多孔菌, 物种多样性, 区系, 分布特征

Abstract

Background: Polypores are an important group of wood-decaying fungi and have important ecological functions and economic values. The unique geographical structure and complex vegetation types in China provide abundant substrates for the growth of polypores. Although the taxonomy of polypores has been well studied in China, few comparative studies on the diversity and flora of polypores among different climatic zones has been performed. This study is intended to compare the florae and populations of polypores in multiple forest zones with different climates and vegetations, and will provide the basis for the protection of species diversity and the development of application potential of polypores.
Methods: In this study, we comparatively analyzed the polypore species, ecological habits and floral characteristics in the Altai Mountains, the Qinling Mountains and the Nanling Mountains which are respectively located in boreal, temperate and subtropical zones in China.
Results: A total of 287 poroid wood-decaying fungal species belonging to 107 genera, 29 families, and 8 orders were obtained from the three mountain ranges. Of these species, 84, 132 and 160 were found in the Altai Mountains, the Qinling Mountains and the Nanling Mountains, respectively, and the community was dominated by families Polyporaceae and Hymenochaetaceae. In the generic and species levels, 25 genera and 14 species were common in the three mountain ranges. Floristic analysis found that polypores in the Altai Mountains and the Qinling Mountains were dominated by the cosmopolitan and the northern temperate elements, while polypores in the Nanling Mountains were dominated by the cosmopolitan and the pantropical taxa. In terms of host preference, polypores in the Altai Mountains preferentially grow on gymnosperms over angiosperms, while the opposite was true in the Qinling Mountains and Nanling Mountains. In the two rotting types caused by polypores, the species number of white rot polypores increased, but that of the brown rot decreased, gradually from boreal to subtropical zones.
Conclusion: Climate and vegetation types are the major influencing factors on the flora composition of polypores, based on the analysis of species diversity, host preference and decaying type of polypores in the three mountains.

Key words: polypores, species diversity, floral composition, distribution character

武英达, 茆卫琳, 员瑗 (2021) 我国寒温带至亚热带森林多孔菌区系和多样性比较. 生物多样性, 29, 1369-1376. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021094.

Yingda Wu, Weilin Mao, Yuan Yuan (2021) Comparison of polypore florae and diversity from temperate to subtropical forest zones in China. Biodiversity Science, 29, 1369-1376. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021094.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2021094

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2021/V29/I10/1369

图/表 5

参考文献 37

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目 Order	科 Family	地理成分 Geographical element	属数 Genus no.			种数 Species no.
目 Order	科 Family	地理成分 Geographical element	阿尔泰山脉 Mt. Altay	秦岭山脉 Mt. Qinling	南岭山脉 Mt. Nanling	阿尔泰山脉 Mt. Altay	秦岭山脉 Mt. Qinling	南岭山脉 Mt. Nanling
伞菌目Agaricales	牛舌菌科Fistulinaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	?	?	1	?	?	1
伞菌目Agaricales	小菇科Mycenaceae	热带亚热带Subtropical to tropical	?	?	1	?	?	1
黑孢革菌目Amylocorticiales	黑孢革菌科Amylocorticiaceae	北温带 Temperate	1	1	?	2	1	?
木耳目 Auriculariales	木耳科Auriculariaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	?	1	1		1	1
褐褶孔菌目Gloeophyllales	褐褶孔菌科Gloeophyllaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	1	1	1	2	2	1
锈革孔菌目Hymenochaetales	锈革孔菌科Hymenochaetaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	11	16	16	17	30	45
	锐孔菌科Oxyporaceae	北温带 Temperate	?	1	2	?	4	8
	裂孔菌科Schizoporaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	?	2	2		4	5
多孔菌目Polyporales	齿毛菌科Cerrenaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	1	1	1	1	1	1
	泪革孔菌科Dacryobolaceae	北温带 Temperate	2	3		7	10	?
	索孔菌科Fibroporiaceae	北温带 Temperate	?	1	1		1	1
	拟层孔菌科Fomitopsidaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	6	4	4	13	10	6
	灵芝科Ganodermataceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	1	1	2	2	2	4
	胶化孔菌科Gelatoporiaceae	北温带 Temperate	2	1	?	3	1	?
	树花孔菌科Grifolaceae	北温带 Temperate	?	?	1	?	?	1
	硬壳孔菌科Incrustoporiaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	2	2	3	2	3	9
	囊耙齿菌Irpicaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	2	5	5	2	9	9
	皱皮孔菌科Ischnodermataceae	北温带 Temperate	1	1	?	1	1	?
	硫磺菌科Laetiporaceae	北温带 Temperate	2	1	1	3	1	1
	皱孔菌科Meruliaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	3	3	?	3	5	?
	原毛平革菌科hanerochaetaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	1	1	3	2	2	3
	柄杯菌科Podoscyphaceae	热带亚热带Subtropical to tropical	?	?	1	?	?	1
	多孔菌科Polyporaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	10	15	21	19	37	45
	小红孔菌科Pycnoporellaceae	北温带 Temperate	?	?	1	?	?	1
	亚红孔菌科Rhodoniaceae	北温带 Temperate	1	?	?	1	?	?
	斯氏菇科Steccherinaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	1	2	3	2	6	10
红菇目Russulales	邦氏孔菌科Bondarzewiaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	1	1	3	1	1	3
红菇目Russulales	猴头菌科Hericiaceae	北温带 Temperate	?	?	1	?	?	3
糙孢孔菌目Trechisporales	刺孢孔菌科Hydnodontaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	1	?	?	1	?	?

目 Order	科 Family	地理成分 Geographical element	属数 Genus no.			种数 Species no.
目 Order	科 Family	地理成分 Geographical element	阿尔泰山脉 Mt. Altay	秦岭山脉 Mt. Qinling	南岭山脉 Mt. Nanling	阿尔泰山脉 Mt. Altay	秦岭山脉 Mt. Qinling	南岭山脉 Mt. Nanling
伞菌目Agaricales	牛舌菌科Fistulinaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	?	?	1	?	?	1
伞菌目Agaricales	小菇科Mycenaceae	热带亚热带Subtropical to tropical	?	?	1	?	?	1
黑孢革菌目Amylocorticiales	黑孢革菌科Amylocorticiaceae	北温带 Temperate	1	1	?	2	1	?
木耳目 Auriculariales	木耳科Auriculariaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	?	1	1		1	1
褐褶孔菌目Gloeophyllales	褐褶孔菌科Gloeophyllaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	1	1	1	2	2	1
锈革孔菌目Hymenochaetales	锈革孔菌科Hymenochaetaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	11	16	16	17	30	45
	锐孔菌科Oxyporaceae	北温带 Temperate	?	1	2	?	4	8
	裂孔菌科Schizoporaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	?	2	2		4	5
多孔菌目Polyporales	齿毛菌科Cerrenaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	1	1	1	1	1	1
	泪革孔菌科Dacryobolaceae	北温带 Temperate	2	3		7	10	?
	索孔菌科Fibroporiaceae	北温带 Temperate	?	1	1		1	1
	拟层孔菌科Fomitopsidaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	6	4	4	13	10	6
	灵芝科Ganodermataceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	1	1	2	2	2	4
	胶化孔菌科Gelatoporiaceae	北温带 Temperate	2	1	?	3	1	?
	树花孔菌科Grifolaceae	北温带 Temperate	?	?	1	?	?	1
	硬壳孔菌科Incrustoporiaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	2	2	3	2	3	9
	囊耙齿菌Irpicaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	2	5	5	2	9	9
	皱皮孔菌科Ischnodermataceae	北温带 Temperate	1	1	?	1	1	?
	硫磺菌科Laetiporaceae	北温带 Temperate	2	1	1	3	1	1
	皱孔菌科Meruliaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	3	3	?	3	5	?
	原毛平革菌科hanerochaetaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	1	1	3	2	2	3
	柄杯菌科Podoscyphaceae	热带亚热带Subtropical to tropical	?	?	1	?	?	1
	多孔菌科Polyporaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	10	15	21	19	37	45
	小红孔菌科Pycnoporellaceae	北温带 Temperate	?	?	1	?	?	1
	亚红孔菌科Rhodoniaceae	北温带 Temperate	1	?	?	1	?	?
	斯氏菇科Steccherinaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	1	2	3	2	6	10
红菇目Russulales	邦氏孔菌科Bondarzewiaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	1	1	3	1	1	3
红菇目Russulales	猴头菌科Hericiaceae	北温带 Temperate	?	?	1	?	?	3
糙孢孔菌目Trechisporales	刺孢孔菌科Hydnodontaceae	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	1	?	?	1	?	?

寄主类型 Type of host	阿尔泰山脉 Altay Mountains	秦岭山脉 Qinling Mountains	南岭山脉 Nanling Mountains
被子植物 Angiosperm	30 (35.7%)	86 (65.2%)	113 (70.6%)
裸子植物 Gymnosperm	36 (42.9%)	17 (12.9%)	14 (8.8%)
两者均可 Both of angiosperm and gymnosperm	18 (21.4%)	29 (21.9%)	27 (16.9%)

寄主类型 Type of host	阿尔泰山脉 Altay Mountains	秦岭山脉 Qinling Mountains	南岭山脉 Nanling Mountains
被子植物 Angiosperm	30 (35.7%)	86 (65.2%)	113 (70.6%)
裸子植物 Gymnosperm	36 (42.9%)	17 (12.9%)	14 (8.8%)
两者均可 Both of angiosperm and gymnosperm	18 (21.4%)	29 (21.9%)	27 (16.9%)