生物多样性 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (5): 596-605.DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020133
收稿日期:
2020-03-31
接受日期:
2020-03-31
出版日期:
2020-05-20
发布日期:
2020-06-19
通讯作者:
李彬彬
Received:
2020-03-31
Accepted:
2020-03-31
Online:
2020-05-20
Published:
2020-06-19
Contact:
Binbin V Li
摘要:
随着新冠肺炎(COVID-19)的暴发, 野生动物、生物多样性和人类健康的关系再次引起广泛讨论。近20年来, 国际社会对于生物多样性与健康的研究日益增多, 并将它作为生物多样性保护与研究的重要方向之一。One Health作为一个新的理念框架, 通过交叉学科的研究和行动来推动包括人、所有其他动物及环境的健康。这个理念被不同国家、国际组织及协定所接纳及推广, 包括《生物多样性公约》等。本文通过总结近些年生物多样性对健康的影响方式、One Health的定义与发展历史、进入生物多样性议程的过程, 提出中国应用One Health改进相关野生动物管理以降低公共卫生危机的可能性的建议, 以及One Health框架内增强生物多样性保护所需的研究方向。One Health在中国的应用与发展应重视生物多样性研究和保护在其中的作用, 利用在景观生态学、群落内物种关系动态变化、气候变化影响、土地利用变化模式与趋势的研究, 与人类健康相结合, 提高One Health在应对公共健康和环境健康风险方面的准确性与及时性。同时, 需要加强我国在野生动物管理方面的投入和力度, 增强生物多样性保护与公共健康的联系, 将预警与干预措施前移, 减少疾病暴发带来的社会经济成本。
李彬彬. 推进生物多样性保护与人类健康的共同发展——One Health[J]. 生物多样性, 2020, 28(5): 596-605.
Binbin V Li. Creating synergy between biodiversity conservation and human health — One Health[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2020, 28(5): 596-605.
图1 One Health框架(改编自http://climvib.eu/? post_type= post&s=one+health)
Fig. 1 Framework for One Health (Adapted from http://climvib.eu/? post_type=post&s=one+health)
图2 生态系统方法和One Health进入生物多样性议程的过程(改编自Lajaunie & Mazzega, 2016)。CBD: 生物多样性公约; CCD: 防治荒漠化公约; COP: 缔约方大会; CITES: 濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约; CMS: 野生动物迁徙物种保护公约; RAMSAR: 国际重要湿地公约。
Fig. 2 Process of the Ecosystem Approach and the One Health framework entering international biodiversity agenda (Adapted from Lajaunie & Mazzega, 2016). CBD, Convention on Biological Diversity; CCD, Convention to Combat Desertification; COP, Conference of the Parties; CITES, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora; CMS, The Convention on Migratory Species; RAMSAR, Ramsar Convention.
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