生物多样性 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (2): 220-230.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020104

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推进生物多样性跨境区域保护的中国实践

秦天宝*(), 袁昕   

  1. 武汉大学环境法研究所, 武汉 430072
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-19 接受日期:2020-06-04 出版日期:2021-02-20 发布日期:2020-09-29
  • 通讯作者: 秦天宝
  • 作者简介:* E-mail: fxyqtb@whu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA162)

China’s practice of promoting biodiversity conservation in transboundary areas

Tianbao Qin*(), Xin Yuan   

  1. Research Institute of Environment Law, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072
  • Received:2020-03-19 Accepted:2020-06-04 Online:2021-02-20 Published:2020-09-29
  • Contact: Tianbao Qin

摘要:

生物多样性跨境区域保护作为《生物多样性公约》及“爱知目标”关注的重点内容, 已成为国际社会环境共治的前沿领域。中国出于回应生态需求、履行《生物多样性公约》义务及坚持人类命运共同体理念的目的, 坚持生物多样性跨境区域保护探索, 推进该领域国际规则体系的建构, 形成多重层级合作共治的组织结构并产生联合执法、信息交流及合作管理的特色合作机制, 在实践中取得了一定成效。但生物多样性跨境区域保护的中国经验距离形成区域共识乃至全球方案仍有较大差距, 其原因一方面由于部分邻国合作意愿不强、合作能力不足等外部制约因素, 另一方面源于法律依据存在缺位、合作架构缺乏联系、合作范围太过狭窄的内部运行缺陷, 需通过把握多方共同利益基础及帮助提升他国能力建设克服外部障碍, 围绕补充法律规制体系、制定国家整体战略方案及扩充合作保护范围优化现有方案, 以推进生物多样性跨境区域保护中国实践的进一步发展。

关键词: 生物多样性公约, 爱知目标, 生物多样性, 跨境保护

Abstract

Background: As one of the key components of the Convention on Biological Diversity and Aichi Biodiversity Targets the protection of transboundary biodiversity areas has become a prominent issue in international environmental governance. To respond to ecological needs, fulfil the obligations of the Convention on Biological Diversity, and adhere to the concept of a community with a shared future for humankind, China seeks to enhance transboundary protection of regional biodiversity. This includes establishing an international rule system in this field, forming a multi-level cooperation governance organization structure, and producing special cooperation mechanisms for joint law enforcement, information exchange, and cooperative management. These actions have achieved practical outcomes in certain instances.
Problems: There is still a need to form a regional consensus and a global resolution for transboundary biodiversity conservation in China. First, progress has been delayed due to external constraints, such as some nations’ unwillingness or insufficient capacity to cooperate. Second, internal operational deficiencies, such as the lack of a legal basis, the lack of a linkage to a cooperation structure, and the narrow scope of coordination, has also delayed progress.
Recommendations: To promote further development of China’s practice of transboundary biodiversity protection, there should be understood the foundation of multiple parties’ interests and aiding other nations to improve their capacity to overcome external obstacles, increased focus on supplementing the legal and regulatory system, formulating an overall national strategic plan, and expanding the scope of cooperative protection to optimize the existing plan.

Key words: Convention on Biological Diversity, Aichi Targets, biodiversity, transboundary protection