生物多样性 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (8): 1026-1035.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019352

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

自然保护区减缓和适应气候变化的管理有效性评估: 以广西12个典型自然保护区为例

冯斌1,2, 李迪强1,2,*(), 张于光1,2, 薛亚东1,2   

  1. 1. 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所, 北京 100091
    2. 国家林业和草原局生物多样性保护重点实验室, 北京 100091
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-06 接受日期:2020-03-11 出版日期:2020-08-20 发布日期:2020-08-28
  • 通讯作者: 李迪强
  • 作者简介:. E-mail: lidq@caf.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    十二五国家科技支撑计划(2013BAC09B02)

Evaluation on nature reserve management effectiveness of mitigation and adaptation on climate change: A case study of 12 typical nature reserves in Guangxi

Bin Feng1,2, Diqiang Li1,2,*(), Yuguang Zhang1,2, Yadong Xue1,2   

  1. 1 Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091
    2 Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091
  • Received:2019-11-06 Accepted:2020-03-11 Online:2020-08-20 Published:2020-08-28
  • Contact: Diqiang Li

摘要:

建立自然保护区是生物多样性保护的根本措施, 而且自然保护区对减缓和适应气候变化具有重要的作用。生物多样性保护的压力在气候变化的胁迫下不断加剧, 因此, 有效的自然保护区管理必须考虑气候变化的影响。发展应对气候变化威胁的适应性管理技术以提高自然保护区管理有效性是自然保护区管理的迫切需求。但目前全球范围内还没有针对减缓和适应气候变化的自然保护区管理有效性评估工具。近半个世纪来广西气温持续升高且极端气候事件频次增加, 对广西各类生物生境产生了重要的影响。本文基于世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)的自然保护区减缓和适应气候变化管理框架和管理有效性评估框架, 在管理有效性跟踪工具(mangement effectiveness tracking tool, METT)基础上提出了自然保护区减缓和适应气候变化管理有效性评估工具(management effectiveness assessment tool of mitigation and adaptation on climate change, MEATMACC), 并使用该工具和METT对广西12个典型自然保护区进行了调查分析。结果表明: 国家级自然保护区的METT得分、MEATMACC得分分别比非国家级自然保护区高28.98%和43.91%; 国家级与非国家级自然保护区的METT得分无显著差异, 但MEATMACC得分差异极显著; 两个管理有效性评估工具得分率呈线性相关但差异不显著; 两个评估工具中背景、规划与影响3个要素得分率存在极显著差异。研究结果表明, 对于自然保护区减缓和适应气候变化的政策和技术支持仍需加强。

关键词: 自然保护区, 广西, 气候变化, 管理有效性评估

Abstract

Nature reserve establishment is vital to biodiversity conservation and play a key role in mitigating and adapting to climate change. The pressure for increased biodiversity conservation is also increasing due to climate change, but effective management must consider climate change impacts when managing nature reserves. Nature reserves require adaptive management techniques to cope with climate change threats, but to date, there are no management evaluation tools for the mitigation and adaptation of climate change globally. In the past half century, Guangxi’s temperature has risen continuously and extreme weather events have increased in frequency, seriously impacting Guangxi biological habitats. This paper suggests the management effectiveness assessment tool of mitigation and adaptation on climate change (MEATMACC), based on the management effectiveness tracking tool (METT), to use as a management framework to mitigate and adapt to climate change in nature reserves. This paper also evaluated and analyzed 12 nature reserves in Guangxi by using both evaluation tools. National nature reserves scored 28.98% and 43.91% higher (METT and MEATMACC) than non-national nature reserves, respectively. MEATMACC scores were significantly different between national and non-national nature reserves but no significant differences in METT scores. Additionally, the scoring rate of METT and MEATMACC is linearly correlated without significant differences. There is highly significant difference in three elements’ scoring rate that context, planning and outcomes between METT and MEATMACC. The results show that policy and technical support for climate change mitigation and adaptation in nature reserve still needs to be strengthened.

Key words: nature reserve, Guangxi, climate change, management effectiveness evaluation