生物多样性 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 117-127. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019202
李霞1,2,朱万泽1,*(),孙守琴1,舒树淼1,2,盛哲良1,2,张军1,2,刘亭1,2,张志才3
收稿日期:
2019-06-25
接受日期:
2019-12-16
出版日期:
2020-02-20
发布日期:
2019-12-24
通讯作者:
朱万泽
基金资助:
Li Xia1,2,Zhu Wanze1,*(),Sun Shouqin1,Shu Shumiao1,2,Sheng Zheliang1,2,Zhang Jun1,2,Liu Ting1,2,Zhang Zhicai3
Received:
2019-06-25
Accepted:
2019-12-16
Online:
2020-02-20
Published:
2019-12-24
Contact:
Zhu Wanze
摘要:
大渡河中游干暖河谷区滑坡和泥石流灾害频发, 对该区域坡面植物群落的研究有助于揭示植被演替的方向, 为坡面植被生态恢复提供基本依据。本研究沿大渡河中游河谷区每隔约5 km设置典型样地, 调查了植被的物种组成和分布以及样地的地形、土壤等10个生境因子, 探讨河谷区植被的连续性变化, 并通过多元回归树(multivariate regression trees, MRT)、多样性指数和典范对应分析(canonical correspondence analysis, CCA)等方法对植物群落进行分类、比较和排序。结果表明: 大渡河中游干暖河谷植被以土壤碳含量、pH值和C : N等3个因子为节点, 可划分为多花胡枝子(Lespedeza floribunda)-荩草(Arthraxon hispidus)-香薷(Elsholtzia ciliate)(群落A)、地果(Ficus tikoua)-车桑子(Dodonaea viscosa)-川滇薹草(Carex schneideri)(群落B)、云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)-栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis)(群落C)和荩草-扭黄茅(Heteropogon contortus)(群落D)等4种群落。该区域以灌木和草本为主要植被类型(群落A、B、C), 间或有裸地分布, 易成为泥石流灾害产生的物源区; 以多花胡枝子为主的灌草群落A的物种丰富度、优势度与多样性表现一致, 均高于以乔木和草本为主的群落C和D, 但物种多样性优势并不显著, 灌草群落分布广而结构单一, 外来物种占比为8.33%, 是生态系统脆弱和不稳定的表现。多元回归树和典范对应分析结果表明, pH值、C : N、坡向和土壤容重等4个因子对植物群落组成和分布影响最大, 且土壤因子的影响大于地形因子。
李霞,朱万泽,孙守琴,舒树淼,盛哲良,张军,刘亭,张志才 (2020) 大渡河中游干暖河谷区生境对植物群落分布格局和多样性的影响. 生物多样性, 28, 117-127. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019202.
Li Xia,Zhu Wanze,Sun Shouqin,Shu Shumiao,Sheng Zheliang,Zhang Jun,Liu Ting,Zhang Zhicai (2020) Influence of habitat on the distribution pattern and diversity of plant community in dry and warm valleys of the middle reaches of the Dadu River, China. Biodiversity Science, 28, 117-127. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019202.
图2 大渡河干暖河谷24个样地植物物种多元回归树分类树状图。P: 样地编号。
Fig. 2 Dendrogram of multivariate regression plant classification of 24 plots in dry and warm valleys of the Dadu River. Soil C, Soil carbon; P, Plot code.
图4 24个样地植物群落与环境因子的典范对应分析(CCA)排序图。Aspe: 坡向; Soil C: 土壤碳; Soil G: 石砾含量; Soil BD: 土壤容重; Soil N: 土壤氮; Alti: 海拔; Slope P: 坡位; Slop: 坡度。
Fig. 4 Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) ordination diagram among habitat factors of 24 plots. Aspe, Aspect; Soil C, Soil carbon; Soil G, Soil gravel; Soil BD, Soil bulk density; Soil N, Soil nitrogen; Alti, Altitude; Slope P, Slope position; Slop, Slope.
因子 Factor | 第一轴 Axis1 | 第二轴 Axis2 | 第三轴 Axis3 | 第四轴 Axis4 | 解释量 Explanatory ability (%) | 贡献率 Contribution (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
海拔 Altitude | 0.4401* | 0.0418* | -0.5009** | -0.151 | 3.8 | 8.3 |
坡度 Slope | -0.2779 | 0.0906 | -0.5112** | 0.0373 | 2.6 | 5.7 |
坡向 Aspect | 0.3188 | 0.0287 | -0.0882 | 0.7378*** | 5.4 | 11.7 |
坡位 Slope position | 0.3883* | -0.5275** | 0.0296 | -0.1026 | 3.8 | 8.2 |
石砾含量 Soil gravel | 0.2783 | -0.3094 | -0.3122 | -0.1195 | 4.6 | 9.9 |
土壤容重 Soil bulk density | 0.589** | 0.1197 | -0.1231 | 0.352 | 5.0 | 10.7 |
pH | -0.4326* | 0.1205 | 0.4675* | -0.025 | 5.7 | 12.3 |
土壤碳 Soil carbon | 0.1337 | -0.1892 | 0.6837*** | -0.046 | 4.8 | 10.4 |
土壤氮 Soil nitrogen | -0.3531 | -0.3483 | 0.2149 | 0.0487 | 4.9 | 10.6 |
碳氮比 C : N ratio | 0.1551 | 0.5692** | -0.0554 | -0.2788 | 5.6 | 12.2 |
表1 10个生境因子与典范对应分析(CCA)排序轴的相关性、解释量和贡献率
Table 1 The correlation coefficients, explanatory quantity and contribution rate of 10 habitat factors to the ordination axis of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA)
因子 Factor | 第一轴 Axis1 | 第二轴 Axis2 | 第三轴 Axis3 | 第四轴 Axis4 | 解释量 Explanatory ability (%) | 贡献率 Contribution (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
海拔 Altitude | 0.4401* | 0.0418* | -0.5009** | -0.151 | 3.8 | 8.3 |
坡度 Slope | -0.2779 | 0.0906 | -0.5112** | 0.0373 | 2.6 | 5.7 |
坡向 Aspect | 0.3188 | 0.0287 | -0.0882 | 0.7378*** | 5.4 | 11.7 |
坡位 Slope position | 0.3883* | -0.5275** | 0.0296 | -0.1026 | 3.8 | 8.2 |
石砾含量 Soil gravel | 0.2783 | -0.3094 | -0.3122 | -0.1195 | 4.6 | 9.9 |
土壤容重 Soil bulk density | 0.589** | 0.1197 | -0.1231 | 0.352 | 5.0 | 10.7 |
pH | -0.4326* | 0.1205 | 0.4675* | -0.025 | 5.7 | 12.3 |
土壤碳 Soil carbon | 0.1337 | -0.1892 | 0.6837*** | -0.046 | 4.8 | 10.4 |
土壤氮 Soil nitrogen | -0.3531 | -0.3483 | 0.2149 | 0.0487 | 4.9 | 10.6 |
碳氮比 C : N ratio | 0.1551 | 0.5692** | -0.0554 | -0.2788 | 5.6 | 12.2 |
图5 植物物种与生境因子的典范对应分析(CCA)排序图。Expo: 坡度; Soil C: 土壤碳; Soil G: 石砾含量; Soil BD: 土壤容重; Soil N: 土壤氮; Alti: 海拔; Slope P: 坡位; Slop: 坡度。
Fig. 5 Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) ordination diagram among habitat factors of plant species. Expo, Slope; Soil C, Soil carbon; Soil G, Soil gravel; Soil BD, Soil bulk density; Soil N, Soil nitrogen; Alti, Altitude; Slope P, Slope position.
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