大渡河中游干暖河谷区生境对植物群落分布格局和多样性的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2019202

生物多样性 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 117-127. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019202

• 研究报告:植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

大渡河中游干暖河谷区生境对植物群落分布格局和多样性的影响

李霞^1,²,朱万泽^1,^*(),孙守琴¹,舒树淼^1,²,盛哲良^1,²,张军^1,²,刘亭^1,²,张志才³

1 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所, 成都 610041
2 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
3 四川省石棉县林业局, 四川石棉 625400

收稿日期:2019-06-25 接受日期:2019-12-16 出版日期:2020-02-20 发布日期:2019-12-24
通讯作者: 朱万泽
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0505104);中国科学院成都山地研究所135方向性项目(SDS-135-1707)

Influence of habitat on the distribution pattern and diversity of plant community in dry and warm valleys of the middle reaches of the Dadu River, China

Li Xia^1,²,Zhu Wanze^1,^*(),Sun Shouqin¹,Shu Shumiao^1,²,Sheng Zheliang^1,²,Zhang Jun^1,²,Liu Ting^1,²,Zhang Zhicai³

1 Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Conservancy, Chengdu 610041
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3 Forestry Bureau of Shimian County, Shimian, Sichuan 625400

Received:2019-06-25 Accepted:2019-12-16 Online:2020-02-20 Published:2019-12-24
Contact: Zhu Wanze

1. 附录1 大渡河干暖河谷24个样地调查结果.pdf(246KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大渡河中游干暖河谷区滑坡和泥石流灾害频发, 对该区域坡面植物群落的研究有助于揭示植被演替的方向, 为坡面植被生态恢复提供基本依据。本研究沿大渡河中游河谷区每隔约5 km设置典型样地, 调查了植被的物种组成和分布以及样地的地形、土壤等10个生境因子, 探讨河谷区植被的连续性变化, 并通过多元回归树(multivariate regression trees, MRT)、多样性指数和典范对应分析(canonical correspondence analysis, CCA)等方法对植物群落进行分类、比较和排序。结果表明: 大渡河中游干暖河谷植被以土壤碳含量、pH值和C : N等3个因子为节点, 可划分为多花胡枝子(Lespedeza floribunda)-荩草(Arthraxon hispidus)-香薷(Elsholtzia ciliate)(群落A)、地果(Ficus tikoua)-车桑子(Dodonaea viscosa)-川滇薹草(Carex schneideri)(群落B)、云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)-栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis)(群落C)和荩草-扭黄茅(Heteropogon contortus)(群落D)等4种群落。该区域以灌木和草本为主要植被类型(群落A、B、C), 间或有裸地分布, 易成为泥石流灾害产生的物源区; 以多花胡枝子为主的灌草群落A的物种丰富度、优势度与多样性表现一致, 均高于以乔木和草本为主的群落C和D, 但物种多样性优势并不显著, 灌草群落分布广而结构单一, 外来物种占比为8.33%, 是生态系统脆弱和不稳定的表现。多元回归树和典范对应分析结果表明, pH值、C : N、坡向和土壤容重等4个因子对植物群落组成和分布影响最大, 且土壤因子的影响大于地形因子。

关键词: 大渡河, 干暖河谷, 多元回归树, 物种多样性, 典范对应分析

Abstract

In the dry and warm valleys of the middle reaches of the Dadu River, landslides and debris flows occur frequently. Studying vegetation on these slopes is valuable in understanding vegetation succession in regards to ecological restoration of highly disturbed landscapes. In this study, plots were selected along the Dadu River every 5 km to investigate species composition, distribution, topography, soil characteristics, and vegetation change in the middle reaches of the Dadu River valley. Plant communities were classified, compared and sorted using multiple regression tree (MRT), alpha diversity index and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The results showed that the landscape were divided into four communities based on three factors: soil carbon, pH and C : N, i.e. Lespedeza floribunda-Arthraxon hispidus-Elsholtzia ciliate, Ficus tikoua-Dodonaea viscosa-Carex schneideri, Pinus yunnanensis-Quercus variabilis and Arthraxon hispidus-Heteropogon contortus. Shrub and grass dominate this area, with occasional areas of bare ground which is liable to debris flow disasters. The species richness, dominance and diversity of shrub-grass (Lespedeza floribunda) community are consistently higher than arbor and grass communities, although species diversity values are not significant. The shrub and grass community is widely distributed, although fragile and unstable as alien species reached 8.33% within these communities. MRT and CCA analysis showed that pH, C : N, slope direction and soil bulk density are the main factors influencing vegetation distribution pattern as soil influences are more important than topography.

Key words: the Dadu River, dry and warm valleys, multiple regression tree, species diversity, canonical correspondence analysis

李霞,朱万泽,孙守琴,舒树淼,盛哲良,张军,刘亭,张志才 (2020) 大渡河中游干暖河谷区生境对植物群落分布格局和多样性的影响. 生物多样性, 28, 117-127. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019202.

Li Xia,Zhu Wanze,Sun Shouqin,Shu Shumiao,Sheng Zheliang,Zhang Jun,Liu Ting,Zhang Zhicai (2020) Influence of habitat on the distribution pattern and diversity of plant community in dry and warm valleys of the middle reaches of the Dadu River, China. Biodiversity Science, 28, 117-127. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019202.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2019202

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2020/V28/I2/117

图/表 6

图1 大渡河干暖河谷调查样带分布

Fig. 1 Distribution of transect sites in dry and warm valleys of the Dadu River

图2 大渡河干暖河谷24个样地植物物种多元回归树分类树状图。P: 样地编号。

Fig. 2 Dendrogram of multivariate regression plant classification of 24 plots in dry and warm valleys of the Dadu River. Soil C, Soil carbon; P, Plot code.

图3 大渡河干暖河谷4个群落类型的物种多样性指数

Fig. 3 Diversity indices of four plant community types in dry and warm valleys of the Dadu River

图4 24个样地植物群落与环境因子的典范对应分析(CCA)排序图。Aspe: 坡向; Soil C: 土壤碳; Soil G: 石砾含量; Soil BD: 土壤容重; Soil N: 土壤氮; Alti: 海拔; Slope P: 坡位; Slop: 坡度。

Fig. 4 Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) ordination diagram among habitat factors of 24 plots. Aspe, Aspect; Soil C, Soil carbon; Soil G, Soil gravel; Soil BD, Soil bulk density; Soil N, Soil nitrogen; Alti, Altitude; Slope P, Slope position; Slop, Slope.

表1 10个生境因子与典范对应分析(CCA)排序轴的相关性、解释量和贡献率

Table 1 The correlation coefficients, explanatory quantity and contribution rate of 10 habitat factors to the ordination axis of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA)

因子 Factor	第一轴 Axis1	第二轴 Axis2	第三轴 Axis3	第四轴 Axis4	解释量 Explanatory ability (%)	贡献率 Contribution (%)
海拔 Altitude	0.4401^*	0.0418^*	-0.5009^**	-0.151	3.8	8.3
坡度 Slope	-0.2779	0.0906	-0.5112^**	0.0373	2.6	5.7
坡向 Aspect	0.3188	0.0287	-0.0882	0.7378^***	5.4	11.7
坡位 Slope position	0.3883^*	-0.5275^**	0.0296	-0.1026	3.8	8.2
石砾含量 Soil gravel	0.2783	-0.3094	-0.3122	-0.1195	4.6	9.9
土壤容重 Soil bulk density	0.589^**	0.1197	-0.1231	0.352	5.0	10.7
pH	-0.4326^*	0.1205	0.4675^*	-0.025	5.7	12.3
土壤碳 Soil carbon	0.1337	-0.1892	0.6837^***	-0.046	4.8	10.4
土壤氮 Soil nitrogen	-0.3531	-0.3483	0.2149	0.0487	4.9	10.6
碳氮比 C : N ratio	0.1551	0.5692^**	-0.0554	-0.2788	5.6	12.2

图5 植物物种与生境因子的典范对应分析(CCA)排序图。Expo: 坡度; Soil C: 土壤碳; Soil G: 石砾含量; Soil BD: 土壤容重; Soil N: 土壤氮; Alti: 海拔; Slope P: 坡位; Slop: 坡度。

Fig. 5 Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) ordination diagram among habitat factors of plant species. Expo, Slope; Soil C, Soil carbon; Soil G, Soil gravel; Soil BD, Soil bulk density; Soil N, Soil nitrogen; Alti, Altitude; Slope P, Slope position.

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大渡河中游干暖河谷区生境对植物群落分布格局和多样性的影响

Influence of habitat on the distribution pattern and diversity of plant community in dry and warm valleys of the middle reaches of the Dadu River, China

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