生物多样性 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6): 638-647.DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019070
收稿日期:
2019-03-11
接受日期:
2019-05-27
出版日期:
2019-06-20
发布日期:
2019-06-20
通讯作者:
刘务林
基金资助:
Wang Yuan1,Li Sheng2,Liu Wulin1,*(),Zhu Xuelin1,Li Bingzhang1
Received:
2019-03-11
Accepted:
2019-05-27
Online:
2019-06-20
Published:
2019-06-20
Contact:
Liu Wulin
摘要:
2013-2018年间采用红外相机技术对西藏雅鲁藏布大峡谷国家级自然保护区的金猫(Catopuma temminckii)进行长期监测, 累计布设70个点位, 14,071个相机工作日。共收集金猫独立照片101张, 其中60张可识别色型, 占金猫独立照片总数的59.40%。共记录到4种不同色型的金猫个体, 拍摄频次比例为麻褐色型:红棕色型:黑色型:灰色型 = 46:7:4:3; 其中灰色型为我国野生金猫实体首次记录。不同色型的个体可同域分布, 而以雅鲁藏布大峡谷自然保护区为代表的藏东南地区是我国金猫色型变异最丰富的地区。基于红外相机照片对金猫的共性形态特征和不同色型的独特形态特征进行了详细的图文描述, 以期为该物种的深入研究提供详实的基础资料。活动节律的分析结果显示, 研究区内金猫以昼行性活动为主, 10:00-12:00为其最强的活动高峰。不同月份的日活动差异指数(daily-discrepancy index) α和昼行性指数(diurnal-nocturnal index) β均存在显著差异, 且活动强度具有明显的季节性变化, 不同季节的活动峰型存在显著差异。本研究为东喜马拉雅生物多样性热点区动物多样性本底的完善积累了基础资料, 也为后续的猫科动物色型多样性的形成机制研究提供了基础信息与参考。
王渊,李晟,刘务林,朱雪林,李炳章. 西藏雅鲁藏布大峡谷国家级自然保护区金猫的色型类别与活动节律[J]. 生物多样性, 2019, 27(6): 638-647.
Wang Yuan,Li Sheng,Liu Wulin,Zhu Xuelin,Li Bingzhang. Coat pattern variation and activity rhythm of Asiatic golden cat (Catopuma temminckii) in Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve of Tibet, China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2019, 27(6): 638-647.
调查片区 Survey areas | 红外相机位点数 Number of camera stations | 海拔范围 Elevation range (m) | 相机工作日 Number of camera-days | 照片数量 Number of photographs | 金猫独立照片数 Number of independent photographs of golden cat |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
比西日区 The Bixiri Area | 11 | 2,235-3,479 | 2,794 | 12,294 | 34 |
雅鲁藏布江南岸区 The south bank of the Yarlung Zangbo River Area | 10 | 582-668 | 1,880 | 16,751 | 0 |
乌马山区 The Uma Mountain Area | 6 | 1,751-3,145 | 1,374 | 6,942 | 0 |
拉吉山区 The Raj Mountain Area | 8 | 1,631-2,086 | 1,968 | 8,467 | 12 |
旦各着区 The Dangezhuo Area | 3 | 954-1,434 | 630 | 684 | 2 |
格当沟区 The Gedang Ditch Area | 16 | 2,230-2,470 | 2,691 | 8,713 | 46 |
美玉伦巴区 The Meiyulunba Area | 2 | 1,751-2,315 | 294 | 5,172 | 1 |
西贡河区 The Xigong River Area | 6 | 1,124-1,590 | 1,080 | 6,532 | 3 |
德阳沟区 The Deyang Ditch Area | 8 | 815-1,294 | 1,360 | 6,359 | 3 |
合计 Total | 70 | 582-3,479 | 14,071 | 71,914 | 101 |
表1 2013-2018年西藏雅鲁藏布大峡谷国家级自然保护区9个调查片区红外相机工作日与金猫独立照片数
Table 1 The camera-trapping efforts and number of independent photographs of Asiatic golden cat in the 9 survey areas in Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve between 2013 and 2018
调查片区 Survey areas | 红外相机位点数 Number of camera stations | 海拔范围 Elevation range (m) | 相机工作日 Number of camera-days | 照片数量 Number of photographs | 金猫独立照片数 Number of independent photographs of golden cat |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
比西日区 The Bixiri Area | 11 | 2,235-3,479 | 2,794 | 12,294 | 34 |
雅鲁藏布江南岸区 The south bank of the Yarlung Zangbo River Area | 10 | 582-668 | 1,880 | 16,751 | 0 |
乌马山区 The Uma Mountain Area | 6 | 1,751-3,145 | 1,374 | 6,942 | 0 |
拉吉山区 The Raj Mountain Area | 8 | 1,631-2,086 | 1,968 | 8,467 | 12 |
旦各着区 The Dangezhuo Area | 3 | 954-1,434 | 630 | 684 | 2 |
格当沟区 The Gedang Ditch Area | 16 | 2,230-2,470 | 2,691 | 8,713 | 46 |
美玉伦巴区 The Meiyulunba Area | 2 | 1,751-2,315 | 294 | 5,172 | 1 |
西贡河区 The Xigong River Area | 6 | 1,124-1,590 | 1,080 | 6,532 | 3 |
德阳沟区 The Deyang Ditch Area | 8 | 815-1,294 | 1,360 | 6,359 | 3 |
合计 Total | 70 | 582-3,479 | 14,071 | 71,914 | 101 |
图1 西藏雅鲁藏布大峡谷国家级自然保护区内红外相机拍摄的金猫的4种色型。a: 麻褐色型; b: 红棕色型; c: 黑色型; d: 灰色型。
Fig. 1 The four coat patterns of Asiatic golden cats photographed during camera-trapping surveys at the Tibetan Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve. a, Common form; b, Red form; c, Melanistic form; d, Gray form.
调查片区 Survey areas | 总独立照片数 No. of independent photographs | 各色型独立照片数 No. of independent photographs of each form | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
麻褐色型 Common form | 红棕色型 Red form | 黑色型 Melanistic form | 灰色型 Gray form | ||
比西日区 The Bixiri Area | 34 | 6 | 7 | 3 | |
雅鲁藏布江南岸区 The south bank of the Yarlung Zangbo River Area | 0 | ||||
乌马山区 The Uma Mountain Area | 0 | ||||
拉吉山区 The Raj Mountain Area | 12 | 1 | |||
旦各着区 The Dangezhuo Area | 2 | 2 | |||
格当沟区 The Gedang Ditch Area | 46 | 35 | 3 | ||
美玉伦巴区 The Meiyulunba Area | 1 | ||||
西贡河区 The Xigong River Area | 3 | 3 | |||
德阳沟区 The Deyang Ditch Area | 3 | ||||
合计 Total | 101 | 46 | 7 | 4 | 3 |
表2 各调查区域内金猫4种色型个体的独立照片数
Table 2 Statistics of identifiable color photos in independent photos of Asiatic golden cats in each monitoring area
调查片区 Survey areas | 总独立照片数 No. of independent photographs | 各色型独立照片数 No. of independent photographs of each form | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
麻褐色型 Common form | 红棕色型 Red form | 黑色型 Melanistic form | 灰色型 Gray form | ||
比西日区 The Bixiri Area | 34 | 6 | 7 | 3 | |
雅鲁藏布江南岸区 The south bank of the Yarlung Zangbo River Area | 0 | ||||
乌马山区 The Uma Mountain Area | 0 | ||||
拉吉山区 The Raj Mountain Area | 12 | 1 | |||
旦各着区 The Dangezhuo Area | 2 | 2 | |||
格当沟区 The Gedang Ditch Area | 46 | 35 | 3 | ||
美玉伦巴区 The Meiyulunba Area | 1 | ||||
西贡河区 The Xigong River Area | 3 | 3 | |||
德阳沟区 The Deyang Ditch Area | 3 | ||||
合计 Total | 101 | 46 | 7 | 4 | 3 |
图2 西藏雅鲁藏布大峡谷国家级自然保护区金猫日活动节律(N = 101)
Fig. 2 The daily activity pattern of Asiatic golden cat in Tibetan Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve (N = 101)
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