西江中下游鳤的遗传多样性与种群动态历史

doi:10.17520/biods.2018121

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

鳤(Ochetobius elongatus)曾经是我国许多河流的重要经济鱼类, 然而由于环境污染和人为干扰等原因, 鳤的资源量萎缩严重, 种群处于极度濒危的境地。目前, 常规采样方法获得鳤样本的难度较大, 致使相关研究难以开展。本研究通过仔鱼采集和成鱼采集的手段, 测定两个线粒体基因和两个核基因, 对西江中下游鳤的遗传多样性和种群动态历史进行研究。结果显示, 西江中下游鳤的遗传多样性处于较低水平并且出现了衰退的迹象, 可能经历了遗传瓶颈效应。此外, 种群动态历史分析发现, 西江中下游鳤在后更新世期间(0.06和0.13百万年前)经历了种群扩张, 刚好处于中更新世(0.78-0.126百万年前)冰期褪去之后, 表明更新世气候的波动影响了西江中下游鳤的种群动态。作为鳤可能的重要产卵场, 西江中下游部分江段可以考虑建立鳤的自然保护区, 用于保育和修复鳤的种质资源。

关键词: 鳤, 仔鱼采集, 线粒体基因和核基因, 种群扩张, 保护

Abstract:

Ochetobius elongatus used to be an economically important fish species in many rivers of China. However, due to environmental destruction and human disturbance the resources of this fish species have reduced rapidly, and its populations are in a critically endangered condition. At present, it is very difficult to obtain specimens of O. elongatus, which limits research on this species. We obtained specimens of O. elongatus via larva and adult fish collection. Two mitochondrial genes and two nuclear genes were used to explore the genetic diversity and population demography of O. elongatus in middle and lower Xijiang River. Results showed that the genetic diversity of O. elongatus was low and is in recession, suggesting that O. elongatus might have undergone a genetic bottleneck event. Additionally, population demographic analyses revealed that O. elongatus population expanded during the Late Pleistocene (0.06 and 0.13 Million years ago), following the glacial retreat of the Middle Pleistocene glaciations (0.78-0.126 Million years ago). The results also revealed that Pleistocene climatic fluctuations have influenced the population demography of O. elongatus. Due to its potential as an important spawning ground for O. elongatus, sections of middle and lower Xijiang River should be considered as candidates for creating nature reserves to conserve and restore its genetic resources.

Key words: Ochetobius elongatus, larva fish collection, mitochondrial and nuclear genes, population expansion, conservation

杨计平, 李策, 陈蔚涛, 李跃飞, 李新辉. 西江中下游鳤的遗传多样性与种群动态历史[J]. 生物多样性, 2018, 26(12): 1289-1295.

Jiping Yang, Ce Li, Weitao Chen, Yuefei Li, Xinhui Li. Genetic diversity and population demographic history of Ochetobius elongatus in the middle and lower reaches of the Xijiang River[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2018, 26(12): 1289-1295.

图/表 6

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采样点 Sample site	采样日期 Sampling time	样本量 Sample size	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude
广西桂平 Guiping	2017.09	1	110°05°54.78°° E	23°24°08.25°° N
广西梧州 Wuzhou	2017.09	1	111°17°15.32°° E	23°28°07.94°° N
广东肇庆 Zhaoqing	2011.05	22	112°23°40.13°° E	23°05°06.24°° N
广东肇庆 Zhaoqing	2013.05	28	112°23°40.13°° E	23°05°06.24°° N

采样点 Sample site	采样日期 Sampling time	样本量 Sample size	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude
广西桂平 Guiping	2017.09	1	110°05°54.78°° E	23°24°08.25°° N
广西梧州 Wuzhou	2017.09	1	111°17°15.32°° E	23°28°07.94°° N
广东肇庆 Zhaoqing	2011.05	22	112°23°40.13°° E	23°05°06.24°° N
广东肇庆 Zhaoqing	2013.05	28	112°23°40.13°° E	23°05°06.24°° N

	引物名 Primer	引物序列 Primer sequence (5′-3′)	退火温度 Annealed temperature (℃)	参考文献 Reference
Cytb	L14724	GACTTGAAA AACCACCGTTG	58-64	Xiao et al, 2001
	H15915	CTCCGATCTCCGGATTACAAGAC		Xiao et al, 2001
ND2	AFND2L	AAGCTYTYGGGCCCATACC	58	黎瑞宝, 2013^①
	AFND2R	TCCYGCTTAGGGCTTTGAAGG
myh6	myh6_F459	CATMTTYTCCATCTCAGATAATGC	53	Chen et al, 2008
	myh6_R1325	ATTCTCACCACCATCCAGTTGAA
RAG2	RAG2-f2a	AARCGCTCMTGTCCMACTGG	55	Lovejoy & Collette, 2001
	RAG2-R6a	TGRTCCARGCAGAAGTACTTG		Lovejoy & Collette, 2001

	引物名 Primer	引物序列 Primer sequence (5′-3′)	退火温度 Annealed temperature (℃)	参考文献 Reference
Cytb	L14724	GACTTGAAA AACCACCGTTG	58-64	Xiao et al, 2001
	H15915	CTCCGATCTCCGGATTACAAGAC		Xiao et al, 2001
ND2	AFND2L	AAGCTYTYGGGCCCATACC	58	黎瑞宝, 2013^①
	AFND2R	TCCYGCTTAGGGCTTTGAAGG
myh6	myh6_F459	CATMTTYTCCATCTCAGATAATGC	53	Chen et al, 2008
	myh6_R1325	ATTCTCACCACCATCCAGTTGAA
RAG2	RAG2-f2a	AARCGCTCMTGTCCMACTGG	55	Lovejoy & Collette, 2001
	RAG2-R6a	TGRTCCARGCAGAAGTACTTG		Lovejoy & Collette, 2001

	单倍型数/个体数 Number of haplotype/ sample size	单倍型多态性 Haplotype diversity	近期核苷酸多态性 Current nucleotide diversity (θ_π, %)	历史核苷酸多态性 Historical nucleotide diversity (θ_w, %)	Tajima’s D 检验 Tajima’s D test	Fu’s Fs检验 Fu’s Fs test	最优模型 Optimal model
Cytb	13/52	0.784	0.197	0.470	-1.83^**	-5.43^**	HKY+I
ND2	17/52	0.869	0.239	0.272	-0.35	-8.16^***	F81+I+G
Cytb + ND2	26/52	0.940	0.219	0.366	-1.33	-14.54^***	-
myh6	2/52	0.462	0.060	0.029	-	-	HKY
RAG2	3/52	0.147	0.022	0.077	-	-	F81
myh6 + RAG2	5/52	0.546	0.040	0.055	-	-	-