生物多样性 ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (6): 608-614. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017039
收稿日期:
2017-05-27
接受日期:
2017-06-21
出版日期:
2017-06-20
发布日期:
2017-07-10
通讯作者:
魏宇昆
基金资助:
Yukun Wei*(), Yanbo Huang, Guibin Li
Received:
2017-05-27
Accepted:
2017-06-21
Online:
2017-06-20
Published:
2017-07-10
Contact:
Wei Yukun
摘要:
生殖隔离是生物多样性产生的重要原因之一, 不同物种间的生殖隔离形成阶段、方式和强度不完全相同。为了揭示生殖隔离在鼠尾草属(Salvia)物种多样性产生和维持过程中的作用和特点, 本文研究了浙江天目山同域分布的舌瓣鼠尾草(S. liguliloba)和南丹参(S. bowleyana)的开花、传粉和生殖隔离, 利用人工授粉和杂交实验检测它们的种间遗传相容程度。结果表明, 在花的形态结构、花及花序的生长、着生方式与数量特征上, 2种鼠尾草属植物均差异显著(P < 0.05)。2种鼠尾草属植物共享同一种有效传粉昆虫——三条熊蜂(Bombus trifasciatus), 但通过访花行为的显著差异和明显不同的花粉落置部位, 有效避免了异源花粉干扰。人工杂交授粉的结果表明2个物种间遗传相容性较高, 互为亲本的杂交结实率分别达到77.8 ± 10.7%和78.7 ± 11.2%。我们的研究表明, 同域分布、花期重叠且共享唯一传粉者的2种鼠尾草属植物, 以花部的传粉结构和传粉部位的差异, 产生了较高程度的传粉前生殖隔离, 避免了物种间的异源花粉干扰和自然杂交, 保障各自较高的繁殖成效, 以维持自然种群的多样性和遗传结构的稳定。
魏宇昆, 黄艳波, 李桂彬 (2017) 同域分布共享传粉者的鼠尾草属植物的生殖隔离. 生物多样性, 25, 608-614. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017039.
Yukun Wei, Yanbo Huang, Guibin Li (2017) Reproductive isolation in sympatric Salvia species sharing a sole pollinator. Biodiversity Science, 25, 608-614. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017039.
图1 舌瓣鼠尾草和南丹参的花序、花结构及昆虫传粉特征(图中标尺均为2 mm)。(a)舌瓣鼠尾草花序; (b)舌瓣鼠尾草花冠纵切(箭头所示为雄蕊花药); (c)舌瓣鼠尾草花正面观; (d)三条熊蜂访问舌瓣鼠尾草及其传粉过程(箭头所示为传粉部位); (e)南丹参花序; (f)南丹参花冠纵切(箭头所示为雄蕊花药); (g)南丹参花正面观; (h)三条熊蜂访问南丹参及其传粉过程(箭头所示为传粉部位)。
Fig. 1 Comparison of inflorescences, flower structures, and insect pollinations of Salvia liguliloba and S. bowleyana (Bar = 2 mm). (a) Inflorescences of S. liguliloba; (b) Flower lateral dissection of S. liguliloba (the arrow indicates anther); (c) A front view of S. liguliloba flower; (d) Bombus trifasciatus is visiting flowers and pollinating S. liguliloba (the arrow indicates pollen placement sites on bumblebee); (e) Inflorescences of S. bowleyana; (f) Flower lateral dissection of S. bowleyana (the arrow indicates anther); (g) A front view of S. bowleyana flower; (h) Bombus trifasciatus is visiting flowers and pollinating S. bowleyana (the arrow indicates pollen placement sites on bumblebee).
花冠长 Corolla length | 花冠宽 Corolla width | 花冠高 Corolla height | 冠筒长 Tube length | 冠口高 Entrance height | 冠筒口高 Tube entrance height | 冠筒口宽 Tube entrance width | 花丝长 Filament length | 药隔长 Connective length | 雌蕊长 Pistil length | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
舌瓣鼠尾草 S. liguliloba | 23.7 ± 0.74a | 5.31 ± 0.34a | 7.30 ± 0.67b | 19.5 ± 0.8a | 4.87 ± 0.61b | 4.87 ± 0.61a | 4.41 ± 0.52a | 2.39 ± 0.14b | 5.19 ± 0.33b | 23.7 ± 0.43b |
南丹参 S. bowleyana | 22.8 ± 1.10b | 4.47 ± 0.26b | 16.6 ± 0.94a | 12.4 ± 0.76b | 11.2 ± 0.80a | 4.47 ± 0.28a | 3.21 ± 0.23b | 4.30 ± 0.26a | 14.3 ± 0.68a | 26.1 ± 1.85a |
P | 0.0407 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.0585 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.0011 |
表1 舌瓣鼠尾草与南丹参的花部结构比较(平均值 ± 标准差)
Table 1 Comparison of flower structures between Salvia liguliloba and S. bowleyana (mean ± SD)
花冠长 Corolla length | 花冠宽 Corolla width | 花冠高 Corolla height | 冠筒长 Tube length | 冠口高 Entrance height | 冠筒口高 Tube entrance height | 冠筒口宽 Tube entrance width | 花丝长 Filament length | 药隔长 Connective length | 雌蕊长 Pistil length | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
舌瓣鼠尾草 S. liguliloba | 23.7 ± 0.74a | 5.31 ± 0.34a | 7.30 ± 0.67b | 19.5 ± 0.8a | 4.87 ± 0.61b | 4.87 ± 0.61a | 4.41 ± 0.52a | 2.39 ± 0.14b | 5.19 ± 0.33b | 23.7 ± 0.43b |
南丹参 S. bowleyana | 22.8 ± 1.10b | 4.47 ± 0.26b | 16.6 ± 0.94a | 12.4 ± 0.76b | 11.2 ± 0.80a | 4.47 ± 0.28a | 3.21 ± 0.23b | 4.30 ± 0.26a | 14.3 ± 0.68a | 26.1 ± 1.85a |
P | 0.0407 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.0585 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.0011 |
单株花序总数 No. of infloresce- nce in individual plant | 假圆锥花序 分枝数 No. of branch in a false panicle | 假总状花序的 轮伞花序数 No. of verticillaster in a false raceme | 轮伞花序小 花总数 No. of flower in a verticillaster | 轮伞花序同时 开放小花数 No. of flowering in a verticillaster | 单株总花数 Total no. of flower in individual plant | 单株总开花数 Total no. of flowering in individual plant | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
舌瓣鼠尾草 S. liguliloba | 2.0±2.1a (n = 35) | 2.0±1.9b (n = 39) | 9.3±2.4a (n = 83) | 5.6±1.1b (n = 93) | 1.4±1.7b (n = 234) | 262±299b (n = 26) | 21±30a (n = 36) |
南丹参 S. bowleyana | 2.2±0.45a (n = 5) | 5.8±3.0a (n = 11) | 9.5±1.9a (n = 40) | 9.8±1.9a (n = 160) | 1.8±1.0a (n = 160) | 891±472a (n = 5) | 48±56a (n = 16) |
P | 0.681 | 0.0020 | 0.7166 | 0.000 | 0.0053 | 0.0005 | 0.089 |
表2 舌瓣鼠尾草和南丹参花及花序数量特征(平均值 ± 标准差)
Table 2 Comparisons of flowering and inflorescence between Salvia liguliloba and S. bowleyana (mean ± SD)
单株花序总数 No. of infloresce- nce in individual plant | 假圆锥花序 分枝数 No. of branch in a false panicle | 假总状花序的 轮伞花序数 No. of verticillaster in a false raceme | 轮伞花序小 花总数 No. of flower in a verticillaster | 轮伞花序同时 开放小花数 No. of flowering in a verticillaster | 单株总花数 Total no. of flower in individual plant | 单株总开花数 Total no. of flowering in individual plant | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
舌瓣鼠尾草 S. liguliloba | 2.0±2.1a (n = 35) | 2.0±1.9b (n = 39) | 9.3±2.4a (n = 83) | 5.6±1.1b (n = 93) | 1.4±1.7b (n = 234) | 262±299b (n = 26) | 21±30a (n = 36) |
南丹参 S. bowleyana | 2.2±0.45a (n = 5) | 5.8±3.0a (n = 11) | 9.5±1.9a (n = 40) | 9.8±1.9a (n = 160) | 1.8±1.0a (n = 160) | 891±472a (n = 5) | 48±56a (n = 16) |
P | 0.681 | 0.0020 | 0.7166 | 0.000 | 0.0053 | 0.0005 | 0.089 |
相对频次 Relative frequency | 单花访问时间 Visit time per flower (s) | 活跃度 Activity rate | 访花频率 Visitation rate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
舌瓣鼠尾草 S. liguliloba | 0.14 ± 0.017 b (n = 3) | 2.01 ± 0.85 a (n = 30) | 9.71 ± 3.15 b (n = 7) | 1.36 ± 0.17 b (n = 3) |
南丹参 S. bowleyana | 0.86 ± 0.017 a (n = 3) | 1.80 ± 0.63 a (n = 30) | 16.2 ± 3.4 a (n = 52) | 13.9 ± 0.28 a (n = 3) |
P | 0.000 | 0.2758 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
表3 三条熊蜂对2种鼠尾草的访花行为比较(平均值 ± 标准差)
Table 3 Comparisons of flower visiting behavior of Bombus trifasciatus between Salvia liguliloba and S. bowleyana (mean ± SD)
相对频次 Relative frequency | 单花访问时间 Visit time per flower (s) | 活跃度 Activity rate | 访花频率 Visitation rate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
舌瓣鼠尾草 S. liguliloba | 0.14 ± 0.017 b (n = 3) | 2.01 ± 0.85 a (n = 30) | 9.71 ± 3.15 b (n = 7) | 1.36 ± 0.17 b (n = 3) |
南丹参 S. bowleyana | 0.86 ± 0.017 a (n = 3) | 1.80 ± 0.63 a (n = 30) | 16.2 ± 3.4 a (n = 52) | 13.9 ± 0.28 a (n = 3) |
P | 0.000 | 0.2758 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
图2 2种鼠尾草的种内异交、自交和种间杂交结实率比较(平均值 ± 标准差)。(A)舌瓣鼠尾草异交、自交以及与南丹参杂交的结实率多重比较结果; (B)南丹参异交、自交以及与舌瓣鼠尾草杂交的结实率多重比较结果。统计分析采用t-检验, 不同字母代表差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Fig. 2 Comparisons of cross-pollination, self-pollination, and hybridization of Salvia liguliloba and S. bowleyana. (A) and (B) show S. liguliloba and S. bowleyana, respectively. Different letters indicate significant difference at the level of P < 0.05 by t-test.
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