鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林林窗分布格局及其成因

doi:10.17520/biods.2017027

生物多样性 ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (4): 382-392. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017027

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林林窗分布格局及其成因

隋丹丹^1,^2,³, 王悦^1,^2,³, 练琚愉^1,^2,^*(), 张健⁴, 胡健波⁵, 欧阳学军^1,², 范宗骥^1,², 曹洪麟^1,², 叶万辉^1,²

1 中国科学院华南植物园退化生态系统植被恢复与管理重点实验室, 广州 510650
2 中国科学院华南植物园广东省应用植物学重点实验室, 广州 510650
3 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
4 华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院, 上海 200241
5 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所, 天津 300456

收稿日期:2017-02-01 接受日期:2017-03-30 出版日期:2017-04-20 发布日期:2017-04-20
通讯作者: 练琚愉
作者简介:# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(41371078, 31100312)和中国森林生物多样性监测网络项目

Gap distribution patterns in the south subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest of Dinghushan

Dandan Sui^1,^2,³, Yue Wang^1,^2,³, Juyu Lian^1,^2,^*(), Jian Zhang⁴, Jianbo Hu⁵, Xuejun Ouyang^1,², Zongji Fan^1,², Honglin Cao^1,², Wanhui Ye^1,²

1 Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650
2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650
3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
4 School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241
5 Tianjin Research Institute of Water Transport Engineering, Ministry of Transport, Tianjin 300456

Received:2017-02-01 Accepted:2017-03-30 Online:2017-04-20 Published:2017-04-20
Contact: Lian Juyu
About author:# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

林窗数量特征及其空间分布格局对南亚热带森林生态系统的动态变化、物种共存及生物多样性的维持等具有重要意义。本文基于鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林20 ha动态监测样地2015年的植被调查数据, 结合无人机航拍图像处理技术和地理信息系统, 分析了样地内林窗的几何特征和空间分布格局。结果表明: 该样地的林窗空隙率为13.72%, 密度为35.75个/ha, 平均面积38.37 m²。具体特征有: (1)区域内林窗数量随林窗面积的增加呈负指数分布, 整体表现为小林窗多、大林窗少的规律。(2)不同成熟度林分中, 过熟林林窗平均面积大于成熟林; 成熟林更能体现出小林窗多而大林窗少的特点。(3)各生境林窗分布与大样地整体表现出基本一致的规律, 但低谷与其他生境差异显著, 林窗平均面积、林窗空隙率等都大于其他生境, 而山脊林窗也在林窗空隙率与林窗密度方面低于其他生境。(4)林窗面积和地形因子显著相关: 与海拔和凹凸度呈显著负相关; 与坡度和坡向呈显著正相关。据此提出建立利用无人机进行森林群落林冠变化与格局的监测体系, 是实现林窗与林下群落动态变化同步监测的新手段。

关键词: 常绿阔叶林, 林窗密度, 林窗面积, 林窗空隙率, 轻量级无人机

Abstract

Studying the dynamic characteristics, species coexistence and biodiversity conservation mechanisms of subtropical forest ecosystems is important in the study of the quantitative characteristics and spatial gap distribution patterns. Based on census data from the 20 ha dynamics plot of the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Dinghushan in 2015, we analyzed the geometric characteristics and spatial distribution pattern of gaps in the plot by combining aerial image processing technology of unmanned aerial vehicles and GIS. Results show that the gap fraction is 13.72%, the gap density is 35.75 no./ha, and the average gap area is 38.37 m². Results also show that: (1) The number of gaps in the area is negatively exponentially distributed with the increase of gap area, that is, the gap is small and the marginal effect is not significant. (2) The average area of ??forest gaps in over-mature forest stands is larger than that in mature forests, while the mature forest is more likely to have more small gaps and fewer large gaps. (3) In different habitats, the distribution of gaps in each habitat shows the same pattern as that found in the whole plot. However, the difference in the valley is significant when compared with other habitats, and gap area and gap density in the valley are larger than other habitats. The ridge gap is also distinctive, and its gap density is lower than other habitats. (4) Gap area is significantly correlated with topographic factors. It was significantly negatively correlated with altitude and convexity, and had a significantly positive correlation with aspect and gradient. Based on these comparative analyses, a monitoring system of forest canopy changes and patterns can be established using drones, to dynamically monitor forest gaps and the undergrowth community.

Key words: evergreen broad-leaved forest, gap density, gap area, gap fraction, drone

隋丹丹, 王悦, 练琚愉, 张健, 胡健波, 欧阳学军, 范宗骥, 曹洪麟, 叶万辉 (2017) 鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林林窗分布格局及其成因. 生物多样性, 25, 382-392. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017027.

Dandan Sui, Yue Wang, Juyu Lian, Jian Zhang, Jianbo Hu, Xuejun Ouyang, Zongji Fan, Honglin Cao, Wanhui Ye (2017) Gap distribution patterns in the south subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest of Dinghushan. Biodiversity Science, 25, 382-392. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017027.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2017027

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2017/V25/I4/382

图/表 7

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林窗面积 Gap area (m²)	林窗数量 Gap number	数量比例 Quantity ratio	面积比例 Area ratio	林窗类型 Gap type
2-25	442	61.82%	19.08%	小林窗 Small gap
25-49	151	21.12%	19.37%	大林窗 Large gap
50-99	76	10.63%	19.24%	大林窗 Large gap
100-199	30	4.20%	14.51%	大林窗 Large gap
200-399	11	1.54%	11.01%	大林窗 Large gap
> 400	5	0.69%	16.79%	大林窗 Large gap
合计 Total	715	100%	100%	-

林窗面积 Gap area (m²)	林窗数量 Gap number	数量比例 Quantity ratio	面积比例 Area ratio	林窗类型 Gap type
2-25	442	61.82%	19.08%	小林窗 Small gap
25-49	151	21.12%	19.37%	大林窗 Large gap
50-99	76	10.63%	19.24%	大林窗 Large gap
100-199	30	4.20%	14.51%	大林窗 Large gap
200-399	11	1.54%	11.01%	大林窗 Large gap
> 400	5	0.69%	16.79%	大林窗 Large gap
合计 Total	715	100%	100%	-

类型 Type	数量比例 Quantity ratio		面积比例 Area ratio		空隙率 Gap fraction		密度 Gap density (no./ha)
类型 Type	小林窗 Small gap	大林窗 Large gap	小林窗 Small gap	大林窗 Large gap	小林窗 Small gap	大林窗 Large gap	小林窗 Small gap	大林窗 Large gap
过熟林 Over-mature forest	55.42%	44.58%	13.20%	86.80%	2.03%	13.31%	16.22	13.05
成熟林 Mature forest	65.70%	34.30%	24.20%	75.80%	3.09%	9.68%	26.95	14.06

类型 Type	数量比例 Quantity ratio		面积比例 Area ratio		空隙率 Gap fraction		密度 Gap density (no./ha)
类型 Type	小林窗 Small gap	大林窗 Large gap	小林窗 Small gap	大林窗 Large gap	小林窗 Small gap	大林窗 Large gap	小林窗 Small gap	大林窗 Large gap
过熟林 Over-mature forest	55.42%	44.58%	13.20%	86.80%	2.03%	13.31%	16.22	13.05
成熟林 Mature forest	65.70%	34.30%	24.20%	75.80%	3.09%	9.68%	26.95	14.06

生境类型 Habitat type	样地面积 Plot area (ha)	林窗数量 Gap number	林窗空隙率 Gap fraction	林窗平均面积 Average gap area (m²)
大样地 Whole plot	20	715	13.72%	38.37
高谷 High valley	3.08	151	10.45%	47.89
高坡 High slope	2.92	122	16.46%	41.56
山脊 Ridge	2.52	126	5.11%	26.75
低谷 Low valley	6.92	266	51.26%	56.27
低坡 Low slope	6.60	226	32.86%	36.64

鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林林窗分布格局及其成因

Gap distribution patterns in the south subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest of Dinghushan

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生境类型 Habitat type	林窗数量比例 Quantity ratio (%)		林窗面积比例 Area ratio (%)		林窗空隙率 Gap fraction (%)		林窗密度 Gap density (no./ha)
生境类型 Habitat type	小林窗 Small gap	大林窗 Large gap	小林窗 Small gap	大林窗 Large gap	小林窗 Small gap	大林窗 Large gap	小林窗 Small gap	大林窗 Large gap
大样地 Whole plot	61.81	38.19	19.08	80.92	2.62	11.10	22.10	13.65
高谷 High valley	58.28	41.72	14.02	85.98	1.47	8.98	12.72	9.10
高坡 High slope	59.02	40.98	17.57	82.43	2.89	13.57	23.38	16.23
山脊 Ridge	69.05	30.95	29.71	70.29	1.52	3.59	13.18	5.91
低谷 Low valley	49.62	50.38	11.59	88.41	5.94	45.32	45.21	45.89
低坡 Low slope	61.06	38.94	19.59	80.41	6.43	26.43	54.76	34.92

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