北热带喀斯特森林木本植物花性状及其生境分异

doi:10.17520/biods.2015229

生物多样性 ›› 2016, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (2): 148-156. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015229

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

北热带喀斯特森林木本植物花性状及其生境分异

蒋裕良^1,^2,³, 白坤栋¹, 郭屹立^1,³, 王斌^1,³, 李冬兴^1,³, 李先琨^1,^3,,A;^*(), 刘志尚⁴

1 广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室, 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西桂林 541006
2 广西师范大学生命科学学院, 广西桂林 541006
3 广西友谊关森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 广西凭祥 532600
4 广西弄岗国家级自然保护区管理局, 广西龙州 532400;

收稿日期:2015-08-25 接受日期:2015-12-23 出版日期:2016-02-20 发布日期:2016-03-03
通讯作者: 李先琨
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31300359)、广西自然科学基金(2013GXNSFBA019076, 2014GXNSFBA118081)和中国科学院“西部之光”人才计划(人字[2014] 91号)

Floral traits of woody plants and their habitat differentiations in a northern tropical karst forest

Yuliang Jiang^1,^2,³, Kundong Bai¹, Yili Guo^1,³, Bin Wang^1,³, Dongxing Li^1,³, Xiankun Li^1,^3,^*(), Zhishang Liu⁴

1 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, Guangxi 541006
2 College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541006
3 Guangxi Youyiguan Forest Ecosystem National Research Station, Pingxiang, Guangxi 532600
4 Nonggang National Nature Reserve Administration of Guangxi, Longzhou, Guangxi 532400

Received:2015-08-25 Accepted:2015-12-23 Online:2016-02-20 Published:2016-03-03
Contact: Li Xiankun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物花性状的多样化是植物长期进化及自然选择的结果, 不同植物种间花性状的变异与生境存在一定的相关性。北热带喀斯特季节性雨林具有生境异质性强、群落结构复杂、特有成分丰富等特点, 分析该森林植物性状的变化特征及其与生境的关联性, 有助于理解物种共存、协同进化过程和对生境的适应, 可为阐明喀斯特植物的生态适应性、理解生物多样性维持机理提供依据。本研究在弄岗15 ha森林动态监测样地木本植物开花相对集中的时间段进行, 记录并分析了21个物种花性状的变化。根据物种空间分布及其与生境的关联特性, 将21个物种分成偏好谷底、山坡、山顶的3种类型, 分析了这3种类型植物的花性状差异; 另外又根据花性状对21个物种进行聚类分析, 探讨了聚类分组结果和根据偏好生境分组结果的异同。结果表明: 花大小、花色鲜艳度均与物种优势度存在显著的负相关关系, 花小而不鲜艳的物种在群落中更有优势, 表现出更好的适应性; 不同偏好生境的植物花色明度有显著差异, 其他的花性状差异不显著; 聚类分组与根据偏好生境的分组有较好的一致性, 反映出物种的花性状变化响应了生境的变化。综上结果, 我们认为北热带喀斯特季节性雨林植物花性状与物种的优势度及生境条件有密切联系, 在该区域中生境对花性状的影响可能比传粉者更为深刻。

关键词: 花大小, 花色, 性状组合, 生境, 适应, 物种优势度

Abstract

The diversification of floral traits is the outcome of evolution by natural selection, and the variation in floral traits between species has a certain correlation with the plant habitats. The northern tropical karst seasonal rain forests have a great habitat heterogeneity, a complex structure of plant community, and abundant endemic components. Analyzing the relationship between the variation of plant traits and their habitats in those forests is helpful to understand species coexistence, coevolution and their adaptations to habitats, and to provide clues for revealing the ecological adaptability of plants and the maintenance mechanisms of biodiversity in karst forests. We conducted a preliminary study at a 15 ha plot of the northern tropical karst seasonal rain forest in Nonggang to examine the differences in floral traits among species and how these traits varied with habitats, when a relatively large number of woody plants bloomed synchronously, with a total of 21 species being found flowering. We divided the 21 species into three preferred habitat types (peak, slope and valley) according to the spatial distribution of species and their habitat associations, and analysed the differentiations among their floral traits. We also divided 21 species into three clustering groups of floral traits, and had a comparison between the habitat types and the clustering groups. The results showed that species dominance had a significantly negative correlation with flower size and flower color vividness, which indicated that it should be a favored trait for trees to have small flower size or unattractive flower color in the community. Only the flower color lightness was significantly different among the three types, while other flower traits were not significantly different. However, there was weak consistency between the three types and the three main groups, with 57.14% species overlapped , which showed that habitats had something to do with flower traits differentiations. In conclusion, we believe that the floral traits are closely related to the dominance of species and habitats in the northern tropical karst forest. Moreover, floral traits might be more deeply affected by habitats than pollination in this region.

Key words: flower size, flower color, trait combination, habitat, adaption, species dominance

蒋裕良, 白坤栋, 郭屹立, 王斌, 李冬兴, 李先琨, 刘志尚 (2016) 北热带喀斯特森林木本植物花性状及其生境分异. 生物多样性, 24, 148-156. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015229.

Yuliang Jiang, Kundong Bai, Yili Guo, Bin Wang, Dongxing Li, Xiankun Li, Zhishang Liu (2016) Floral traits of woody plants and their habitat differentiations in a northern tropical karst forest. Biodiversity Science, 24, 148-156. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015229.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2015229

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2016/V24/I2/148

图/表 5

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种名 Species		花序类型 Inflorescence type	花序位置 Position of inflorescence	花径 Flower diameter (mean+SD) (mm)	花长 Flower length (mean+SD) (mm)	芳香 Scent	花蜜 Nectar	花瓣色值 Color value (R, G, B)	偏好生境 Preferred habitat
1	中国无忧花 Saraca dives	伞状圆锥花序 Panicle	腋生 Axillary	25.92 ± 3.61	66.39 ± 3.72	0	0	248, 162, 13	谷底 Valley
2	田方骨 Goniothalamus donnaiensis	单生 Solitary	腋生 Axillary	17.65 ± 3.93	61.49 ± 10.14	1	0	239, 178, 193	谷底 Valley
3	山桂花 Bennettiodendron leprosipes	总状伞形花序 Umbel	顶生 Apicillary	7.17 ± 1.05	3.63 ± 0.52	0	0	208, 255, 55	谷底 Valley
4	南方紫金牛 Ardisia thyrsiflora	复亚伞形圆锥花序 Panicle	腋生 Axillary	7.94 ± 0.79	6.70 ± 0.64	0	0	253, 158, 214	谷底 Valley
5	劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta	总状花序 Raceme	腋生 Axillary	13.76 ± 1.94	50.39 ± 1.69	0	0	250, 31, 29	谷底 Valley
6	广西棋子豆 Archidendron guangxiensis	头状圆锥花序 Panicle	腋生 Axillary	13.97 ± 1.35	10.56 ± 0.73	0	0	252, 251, 247	谷底 Valley
7	裂果卫矛 Euonymus dielsianus	聚伞花序 Cymes	腋生 Axillary	10.37 ± 0.48	2.17 ± 0.36	0	0	247, 237, 140	谷底 Valley
8	三角车 Rinorea bengalensis	密伞花序 Umbel	腋生 Axillary	2.54 ± 0.21	4.05 ± 0.16	0	0	244, 249, 226	山坡 Slope
9	苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	圆锥花序 Panicle	腋生 Axillary	7.29 ± 2.45	5.39 ± 0.58	0	0	255, 237, 249	山坡 Slope
10	米扬噎 Streblus tonkinensis	单生或头状花序 Solitary or Capitulum	腋生 Axillary	4.14 ± 0.28	3.36 ± 0.48	0	0	249, 245, 244	山坡 Slope
11	茎花山柚 Champereia manillana	复穗状花序 Spike	茎生 Cauline	2.93 ± 0.51	2.32 ± 0.14	0	0	181, 254, 139	山坡 Slope
12	海南大风子 Hydnocarpus hainanensis	总状花序 Raceme	腋生 axillary	8.34 ± 0.70	7.14 ± 0.31	1	1	238, 255, 200	山坡 Slope
13	广西澄广花 Orophea anceps	单生 Solitary	腋生 Axillary	6.08 ± 0.59	2.07 ± 0.32	0	0	239, 198, 196	山坡 Slope
14	割舌树 Walsura robusta	圆锥花序 Panicle	腋生 axillary	3.34 ± 0.41	4.65 ± 0.33	0	0	255, 246, 247	山坡 Slope
15	白头树 Garuga forrestii	圆锥花序 Panicle	腋生 Axillary	6.80 ± 1.02	4.80 ± 0.33	0	0	236, 255, 151	山坡 Slope
16	鱼骨木 Canthium dicoccum	聚伞花序 Cymes	腋生 Axillary	4.41 ± 0.56	4.72 ± 0.64	1	0	253, 254, 248	山顶 Peak
17	毛叶铁榄 Sinosideroxylon pedunculatum	总状花序 Raceme	腋生 Axillary	5.53 ± 0.76	6.50 ± 0.33	0	1	254, 255, 120	山顶 Peak
18	假桂乌口树 Tarenna attenuata	聚伞花序 Cymes	顶生 Apicillary	9.28 ± 0.98	9.17 ± 1.90	1	0	236, 253, 151	山顶 Peak
19	黄梨木 Boniodendron minus	聚伞圆锥花序 Panicle	顶生 Apicillary	3.82 ± 0.20	2.80 ± 0.19	1	0	255, 255, 255	山顶 Peak
20	细叶谷木 Memecylon scutellatum	伞形花序 Umbel	腋生 Axillary	2.93 ± 0.16	2.46 ± 0.08	0	0	224, 255, 148	山顶 Peak
21	米念芭 Tirpitzia ovoidea	聚伞花序 Cymes	腋生 Axillary	25.34 ± 1.05	31.03 ± 1.48	0	0	255, 255, 255	山顶 Peak

种名 Species		花序类型 Inflorescence type	花序位置 Position of inflorescence	花径 Flower diameter (mean+SD) (mm)	花长 Flower length (mean+SD) (mm)	芳香 Scent	花蜜 Nectar	花瓣色值 Color value (R, G, B)	偏好生境 Preferred habitat
1	中国无忧花 Saraca dives	伞状圆锥花序 Panicle	腋生 Axillary	25.92 ± 3.61	66.39 ± 3.72	0	0	248, 162, 13	谷底 Valley
2	田方骨 Goniothalamus donnaiensis	单生 Solitary	腋生 Axillary	17.65 ± 3.93	61.49 ± 10.14	1	0	239, 178, 193	谷底 Valley
3	山桂花 Bennettiodendron leprosipes	总状伞形花序 Umbel	顶生 Apicillary	7.17 ± 1.05	3.63 ± 0.52	0	0	208, 255, 55	谷底 Valley
4	南方紫金牛 Ardisia thyrsiflora	复亚伞形圆锥花序 Panicle	腋生 Axillary	7.94 ± 0.79	6.70 ± 0.64	0	0	253, 158, 214	谷底 Valley
5	劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta	总状花序 Raceme	腋生 Axillary	13.76 ± 1.94	50.39 ± 1.69	0	0	250, 31, 29	谷底 Valley
6	广西棋子豆 Archidendron guangxiensis	头状圆锥花序 Panicle	腋生 Axillary	13.97 ± 1.35	10.56 ± 0.73	0	0	252, 251, 247	谷底 Valley
7	裂果卫矛 Euonymus dielsianus	聚伞花序 Cymes	腋生 Axillary	10.37 ± 0.48	2.17 ± 0.36	0	0	247, 237, 140	谷底 Valley
8	三角车 Rinorea bengalensis	密伞花序 Umbel	腋生 Axillary	2.54 ± 0.21	4.05 ± 0.16	0	0	244, 249, 226	山坡 Slope
9	苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	圆锥花序 Panicle	腋生 Axillary	7.29 ± 2.45	5.39 ± 0.58	0	0	255, 237, 249	山坡 Slope
10	米扬噎 Streblus tonkinensis	单生或头状花序 Solitary or Capitulum	腋生 Axillary	4.14 ± 0.28	3.36 ± 0.48	0	0	249, 245, 244	山坡 Slope
11	茎花山柚 Champereia manillana	复穗状花序 Spike	茎生 Cauline	2.93 ± 0.51	2.32 ± 0.14	0	0	181, 254, 139	山坡 Slope
12	海南大风子 Hydnocarpus hainanensis	总状花序 Raceme	腋生 axillary	8.34 ± 0.70	7.14 ± 0.31	1	1	238, 255, 200	山坡 Slope
13	广西澄广花 Orophea anceps	单生 Solitary	腋生 Axillary	6.08 ± 0.59	2.07 ± 0.32	0	0	239, 198, 196	山坡 Slope
14	割舌树 Walsura robusta	圆锥花序 Panicle	腋生 axillary	3.34 ± 0.41	4.65 ± 0.33	0	0	255, 246, 247	山坡 Slope
15	白头树 Garuga forrestii	圆锥花序 Panicle	腋生 Axillary	6.80 ± 1.02	4.80 ± 0.33	0	0	236, 255, 151	山坡 Slope
16	鱼骨木 Canthium dicoccum	聚伞花序 Cymes	腋生 Axillary	4.41 ± 0.56	4.72 ± 0.64	1	0	253, 254, 248	山顶 Peak
17	毛叶铁榄 Sinosideroxylon pedunculatum	总状花序 Raceme	腋生 Axillary	5.53 ± 0.76	6.50 ± 0.33	0	1	254, 255, 120	山顶 Peak
18	假桂乌口树 Tarenna attenuata	聚伞花序 Cymes	顶生 Apicillary	9.28 ± 0.98	9.17 ± 1.90	1	0	236, 253, 151	山顶 Peak
19	黄梨木 Boniodendron minus	聚伞圆锥花序 Panicle	顶生 Apicillary	3.82 ± 0.20	2.80 ± 0.19	1	0	255, 255, 255	山顶 Peak
20	细叶谷木 Memecylon scutellatum	伞形花序 Umbel	腋生 Axillary	2.93 ± 0.16	2.46 ± 0.08	0	0	224, 255, 148	山顶 Peak
21	米念芭 Tirpitzia ovoidea	聚伞花序 Cymes	腋生 Axillary	25.34 ± 1.05	31.03 ± 1.48	0	0	255, 255, 255	山顶 Peak

	花径 Flower diameter	花长 Flower length	花色鲜艳度 Color vividness	花色明度 Color lightness	每花序花数 No. of flowers per inflorescence	花数量 No. of flowers per flowering individual
花长 Flower length	0.740**
花色鲜艳度 Color vividness	0.151	0.087
花色明度 Color lightness	-0.273	-0.034	-0.127
每花序花数 No. of flowers per inflorescence	0.023	0.089	0.096	0.344
花数量 No. of flowers per flowering individual	-0.130	0.063	-0.066	0.276	0.703**
物种多度 Species abundance	-0.587**	-0.418*	-0.404*	0.151	-0.095	-0.001
物种重要值 Importance value	-0.422*	-0.210	-0.123	0.103	0.158	0.275

	花径 Flower diameter	花长 Flower length	花色鲜艳度 Color vividness	花色明度 Color lightness	每花序花数 No. of flowers per inflorescence	花数量 No. of flowers per flowering individual
花长 Flower length	0.740**
花色鲜艳度 Color vividness	0.151	0.087
花色明度 Color lightness	-0.273	-0.034	-0.127
每花序花数 No. of flowers per inflorescence	0.023	0.089	0.096	0.344
花数量 No. of flowers per flowering individual	-0.130	0.063	-0.066	0.276	0.703**
物种多度 Species abundance	-0.587**	-0.418*	-0.404*	0.151	-0.095	-0.001
物种重要值 Importance value	-0.422*	-0.210	-0.123	0.103	0.158	0.275

		基于偏好生境 Based on preferred habitat types			物种总数 Total number of species
		山顶 Peak	山坡 Slope	谷底 Valley	物种总数 Total number of species
基于花性状聚类 Based on clustering groups of floral traits	第1组 Group 1	3	2	0	5
	第2组 Group 2	3	6	4	13
	第3组 Group 3	0	0	3	3
物种总数 Total number of species		6	8	7	21

北热带喀斯特森林木本植物花性状及其生境分异

Floral traits of woody plants and their habitat differentiations in a northern tropical karst forest

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