生物多样性 ›› 2016, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (2): 148-156. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015229
蒋裕良1,2,3, 白坤栋1, 郭屹立1,3, 王斌1,3, 李冬兴1,3, 李先琨1,3,,A;*(), 刘志尚4
收稿日期:
2015-08-25
接受日期:
2015-12-23
出版日期:
2016-02-20
发布日期:
2016-03-03
通讯作者:
李先琨
基金资助:
Yuliang Jiang1,2,3, Kundong Bai1, Yili Guo1,3, Bin Wang1,3, Dongxing Li1,3, Xiankun Li1,3,*(), Zhishang Liu4
Received:
2015-08-25
Accepted:
2015-12-23
Online:
2016-02-20
Published:
2016-03-03
Contact:
Li Xiankun
摘要:
植物花性状的多样化是植物长期进化及自然选择的结果, 不同植物种间花性状的变异与生境存在一定的相关性。北热带喀斯特季节性雨林具有生境异质性强、群落结构复杂、特有成分丰富等特点, 分析该森林植物性状的变化特征及其与生境的关联性, 有助于理解物种共存、协同进化过程和对生境的适应, 可为阐明喀斯特植物的生态适应性、理解生物多样性维持机理提供依据。本研究在弄岗15 ha森林动态监测样地木本植物开花相对集中的时间段进行, 记录并分析了21个物种花性状的变化。根据物种空间分布及其与生境的关联特性, 将21个物种分成偏好谷底、山坡、山顶的3种类型, 分析了这3种类型植物的花性状差异; 另外又根据花性状对21个物种进行聚类分析, 探讨了聚类分组结果和根据偏好生境分组结果的异同。结果表明: 花大小、花色鲜艳度均与物种优势度存在显著的负相关关系, 花小而不鲜艳的物种在群落中更有优势, 表现出更好的适应性; 不同偏好生境的植物花色明度有显著差异, 其他的花性状差异不显著; 聚类分组与根据偏好生境的分组有较好的一致性, 反映出物种的花性状变化响应了生境的变化。综上结果, 我们认为北热带喀斯特季节性雨林植物花性状与物种的优势度及生境条件有密切联系, 在该区域中生境对花性状的影响可能比传粉者更为深刻。
蒋裕良, 白坤栋, 郭屹立, 王斌, 李冬兴, 李先琨, 刘志尚 (2016) 北热带喀斯特森林木本植物花性状及其生境分异. 生物多样性, 24, 148-156. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015229.
Yuliang Jiang, Kundong Bai, Yili Guo, Bin Wang, Dongxing Li, Xiankun Li, Zhishang Liu (2016) Floral traits of woody plants and their habitat differentiations in a northern tropical karst forest. Biodiversity Science, 24, 148-156. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015229.
种名 Species | 花序类型 Inflorescence type | 花序位置 Position of inflorescence | 花径 Flower diameter (mean+SD) (mm) | 花长 Flower length (mean+SD) (mm) | 芳香 Scent | 花蜜 Nectar | 花瓣色值 Color value (R, G, B) | 偏好生境 Preferred habitat | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 中国无忧花 Saraca dives | 伞状圆锥花序 Panicle | 腋生 Axillary | 25.92 ± 3.61 | 66.39 ± 3.72 | 0 | 0 | 248, 162, 13 | 谷底 Valley |
2 | 田方骨 Goniothalamus donnaiensis | 单生 Solitary | 腋生 Axillary | 17.65 ± 3.93 | 61.49 ± 10.14 | 1 | 0 | 239, 178, 193 | 谷底 Valley |
3 | 山桂花 Bennettiodendron leprosipes | 总状伞形花序 Umbel | 顶生 Apicillary | 7.17 ± 1.05 | 3.63 ± 0.52 | 0 | 0 | 208, 255, 55 | 谷底 Valley |
4 | 南方紫金牛 Ardisia thyrsiflora | 复亚伞形圆锥花序 Panicle | 腋生 Axillary | 7.94 ± 0.79 | 6.70 ± 0.64 | 0 | 0 | 253, 158, 214 | 谷底 Valley |
5 | 劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta | 总状花序 Raceme | 腋生 Axillary | 13.76 ± 1.94 | 50.39 ± 1.69 | 0 | 0 | 250, 31, 29 | 谷底 Valley |
6 | 广西棋子豆 Archidendron guangxiensis | 头状圆锥花序 Panicle | 腋生 Axillary | 13.97 ± 1.35 | 10.56 ± 0.73 | 0 | 0 | 252, 251, 247 | 谷底 Valley |
7 | 裂果卫矛 Euonymus dielsianus | 聚伞花序 Cymes | 腋生 Axillary | 10.37 ± 0.48 | 2.17 ± 0.36 | 0 | 0 | 247, 237, 140 | 谷底 Valley |
8 | 三角车 Rinorea bengalensis | 密伞花序 Umbel | 腋生 Axillary | 2.54 ± 0.21 | 4.05 ± 0.16 | 0 | 0 | 244, 249, 226 | 山坡 Slope |
9 | 苹婆 Sterculia monosperma | 圆锥花序 Panicle | 腋生 Axillary | 7.29 ± 2.45 | 5.39 ± 0.58 | 0 | 0 | 255, 237, 249 | 山坡 Slope |
10 | 米扬噎 Streblus tonkinensis | 单生或头状花序 Solitary or Capitulum | 腋生 Axillary | 4.14 ± 0.28 | 3.36 ± 0.48 | 0 | 0 | 249, 245, 244 | 山坡 Slope |
11 | 茎花山柚 Champereia manillana | 复穗状花序 Spike | 茎生 Cauline | 2.93 ± 0.51 | 2.32 ± 0.14 | 0 | 0 | 181, 254, 139 | 山坡 Slope |
12 | 海南大风子 Hydnocarpus hainanensis | 总状花序 Raceme | 腋生 axillary | 8.34 ± 0.70 | 7.14 ± 0.31 | 1 | 1 | 238, 255, 200 | 山坡 Slope |
13 | 广西澄广花 Orophea anceps | 单生 Solitary | 腋生 Axillary | 6.08 ± 0.59 | 2.07 ± 0.32 | 0 | 0 | 239, 198, 196 | 山坡 Slope |
14 | 割舌树 Walsura robusta | 圆锥花序 Panicle | 腋生 axillary | 3.34 ± 0.41 | 4.65 ± 0.33 | 0 | 0 | 255, 246, 247 | 山坡 Slope |
15 | 白头树 Garuga forrestii | 圆锥花序 Panicle | 腋生 Axillary | 6.80 ± 1.02 | 4.80 ± 0.33 | 0 | 0 | 236, 255, 151 | 山坡 Slope |
16 | 鱼骨木 Canthium dicoccum | 聚伞花序 Cymes | 腋生 Axillary | 4.41 ± 0.56 | 4.72 ± 0.64 | 1 | 0 | 253, 254, 248 | 山顶 Peak |
17 | 毛叶铁榄 Sinosideroxylon pedunculatum | 总状花序 Raceme | 腋生 Axillary | 5.53 ± 0.76 | 6.50 ± 0.33 | 0 | 1 | 254, 255, 120 | 山顶 Peak |
18 | 假桂乌口树 Tarenna attenuata | 聚伞花序 Cymes | 顶生 Apicillary | 9.28 ± 0.98 | 9.17 ± 1.90 | 1 | 0 | 236, 253, 151 | 山顶 Peak |
19 | 黄梨木 Boniodendron minus | 聚伞圆锥花序 Panicle | 顶生 Apicillary | 3.82 ± 0.20 | 2.80 ± 0.19 | 1 | 0 | 255, 255, 255 | 山顶 Peak |
20 | 细叶谷木 Memecylon scutellatum | 伞形花序 Umbel | 腋生 Axillary | 2.93 ± 0.16 | 2.46 ± 0.08 | 0 | 0 | 224, 255, 148 | 山顶 Peak |
21 | 米念芭 Tirpitzia ovoidea | 聚伞花序 Cymes | 腋生 Axillary | 25.34 ± 1.05 | 31.03 ± 1.48 | 0 | 0 | 255, 255, 255 | 山顶 Peak |
表1 弄岗森林样地21个物种的花性状特征及其偏好生境
Table 1 Floral traits and preferred habitats of 21 species in Nonggang forest plot
种名 Species | 花序类型 Inflorescence type | 花序位置 Position of inflorescence | 花径 Flower diameter (mean+SD) (mm) | 花长 Flower length (mean+SD) (mm) | 芳香 Scent | 花蜜 Nectar | 花瓣色值 Color value (R, G, B) | 偏好生境 Preferred habitat | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 中国无忧花 Saraca dives | 伞状圆锥花序 Panicle | 腋生 Axillary | 25.92 ± 3.61 | 66.39 ± 3.72 | 0 | 0 | 248, 162, 13 | 谷底 Valley |
2 | 田方骨 Goniothalamus donnaiensis | 单生 Solitary | 腋生 Axillary | 17.65 ± 3.93 | 61.49 ± 10.14 | 1 | 0 | 239, 178, 193 | 谷底 Valley |
3 | 山桂花 Bennettiodendron leprosipes | 总状伞形花序 Umbel | 顶生 Apicillary | 7.17 ± 1.05 | 3.63 ± 0.52 | 0 | 0 | 208, 255, 55 | 谷底 Valley |
4 | 南方紫金牛 Ardisia thyrsiflora | 复亚伞形圆锥花序 Panicle | 腋生 Axillary | 7.94 ± 0.79 | 6.70 ± 0.64 | 0 | 0 | 253, 158, 214 | 谷底 Valley |
5 | 劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta | 总状花序 Raceme | 腋生 Axillary | 13.76 ± 1.94 | 50.39 ± 1.69 | 0 | 0 | 250, 31, 29 | 谷底 Valley |
6 | 广西棋子豆 Archidendron guangxiensis | 头状圆锥花序 Panicle | 腋生 Axillary | 13.97 ± 1.35 | 10.56 ± 0.73 | 0 | 0 | 252, 251, 247 | 谷底 Valley |
7 | 裂果卫矛 Euonymus dielsianus | 聚伞花序 Cymes | 腋生 Axillary | 10.37 ± 0.48 | 2.17 ± 0.36 | 0 | 0 | 247, 237, 140 | 谷底 Valley |
8 | 三角车 Rinorea bengalensis | 密伞花序 Umbel | 腋生 Axillary | 2.54 ± 0.21 | 4.05 ± 0.16 | 0 | 0 | 244, 249, 226 | 山坡 Slope |
9 | 苹婆 Sterculia monosperma | 圆锥花序 Panicle | 腋生 Axillary | 7.29 ± 2.45 | 5.39 ± 0.58 | 0 | 0 | 255, 237, 249 | 山坡 Slope |
10 | 米扬噎 Streblus tonkinensis | 单生或头状花序 Solitary or Capitulum | 腋生 Axillary | 4.14 ± 0.28 | 3.36 ± 0.48 | 0 | 0 | 249, 245, 244 | 山坡 Slope |
11 | 茎花山柚 Champereia manillana | 复穗状花序 Spike | 茎生 Cauline | 2.93 ± 0.51 | 2.32 ± 0.14 | 0 | 0 | 181, 254, 139 | 山坡 Slope |
12 | 海南大风子 Hydnocarpus hainanensis | 总状花序 Raceme | 腋生 axillary | 8.34 ± 0.70 | 7.14 ± 0.31 | 1 | 1 | 238, 255, 200 | 山坡 Slope |
13 | 广西澄广花 Orophea anceps | 单生 Solitary | 腋生 Axillary | 6.08 ± 0.59 | 2.07 ± 0.32 | 0 | 0 | 239, 198, 196 | 山坡 Slope |
14 | 割舌树 Walsura robusta | 圆锥花序 Panicle | 腋生 axillary | 3.34 ± 0.41 | 4.65 ± 0.33 | 0 | 0 | 255, 246, 247 | 山坡 Slope |
15 | 白头树 Garuga forrestii | 圆锥花序 Panicle | 腋生 Axillary | 6.80 ± 1.02 | 4.80 ± 0.33 | 0 | 0 | 236, 255, 151 | 山坡 Slope |
16 | 鱼骨木 Canthium dicoccum | 聚伞花序 Cymes | 腋生 Axillary | 4.41 ± 0.56 | 4.72 ± 0.64 | 1 | 0 | 253, 254, 248 | 山顶 Peak |
17 | 毛叶铁榄 Sinosideroxylon pedunculatum | 总状花序 Raceme | 腋生 Axillary | 5.53 ± 0.76 | 6.50 ± 0.33 | 0 | 1 | 254, 255, 120 | 山顶 Peak |
18 | 假桂乌口树 Tarenna attenuata | 聚伞花序 Cymes | 顶生 Apicillary | 9.28 ± 0.98 | 9.17 ± 1.90 | 1 | 0 | 236, 253, 151 | 山顶 Peak |
19 | 黄梨木 Boniodendron minus | 聚伞圆锥花序 Panicle | 顶生 Apicillary | 3.82 ± 0.20 | 2.80 ± 0.19 | 1 | 0 | 255, 255, 255 | 山顶 Peak |
20 | 细叶谷木 Memecylon scutellatum | 伞形花序 Umbel | 腋生 Axillary | 2.93 ± 0.16 | 2.46 ± 0.08 | 0 | 0 | 224, 255, 148 | 山顶 Peak |
21 | 米念芭 Tirpitzia ovoidea | 聚伞花序 Cymes | 腋生 Axillary | 25.34 ± 1.05 | 31.03 ± 1.48 | 0 | 0 | 255, 255, 255 | 山顶 Peak |
花径 Flower diameter | 花长 Flower length | 花色鲜艳度 Color vividness | 花色明度 Color lightness | 每花序花数 No. of flowers per inflorescence | 花数量 No. of flowers per flowering individual | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
花长 Flower length | 0.740** | |||||
花色鲜艳度 Color vividness | 0.151 | 0.087 | ||||
花色明度 Color lightness | -0.273 | -0.034 | -0.127 | |||
每花序花数 No. of flowers per inflorescence | 0.023 | 0.089 | 0.096 | 0.344 | ||
花数量 No. of flowers per flowering individual | -0.130 | 0.063 | -0.066 | 0.276 | 0.703** | |
物种多度 Species abundance | -0.587** | -0.418* | -0.404* | 0.151 | -0.095 | -0.001 |
物种重要值 Importance value | -0.422* | -0.210 | -0.123 | 0.103 | 0.158 | 0.275 |
表2 花性状之间以及与物种优势度的相关性
Table 2 Correlation between floral traits and species dominance
花径 Flower diameter | 花长 Flower length | 花色鲜艳度 Color vividness | 花色明度 Color lightness | 每花序花数 No. of flowers per inflorescence | 花数量 No. of flowers per flowering individual | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
花长 Flower length | 0.740** | |||||
花色鲜艳度 Color vividness | 0.151 | 0.087 | ||||
花色明度 Color lightness | -0.273 | -0.034 | -0.127 | |||
每花序花数 No. of flowers per inflorescence | 0.023 | 0.089 | 0.096 | 0.344 | ||
花数量 No. of flowers per flowering individual | -0.130 | 0.063 | -0.066 | 0.276 | 0.703** | |
物种多度 Species abundance | -0.587** | -0.418* | -0.404* | 0.151 | -0.095 | -0.001 |
物种重要值 Importance value | -0.422* | -0.210 | -0.123 | 0.103 | 0.158 | 0.275 |
基于偏好生境 Based on preferred habitat types | 物种总数 Total number of species | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
山顶 Peak | 山坡 Slope | 谷底 Valley | |||
基于花性状聚类 Based on clustering groups of floral traits | 第1组 Group 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 5 |
第2组 Group 2 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 13 | |
第3组 Group 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | |
物种总数 Total number of species | 6 | 8 | 7 | 21 |
表3 基于花性状聚类与基于偏好生境的物种分组交错叠合的物种数目
Table 3 Number of the species overlapped in the perferred habitat types and the clustering groups of floral traits The numbers of species overlapped between two grouping methods which were respectively based on clustering of floral traits and preferred habitat
基于偏好生境 Based on preferred habitat types | 物种总数 Total number of species | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
山顶 Peak | 山坡 Slope | 谷底 Valley | |||
基于花性状聚类 Based on clustering groups of floral traits | 第1组 Group 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 5 |
第2组 Group 2 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 13 | |
第3组 Group 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | |
物种总数 Total number of species | 6 | 8 | 7 | 21 |
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