生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 25349.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.20  cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025349

• CITES 50周年：科学、政策与国际行动的融合专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

CITES附录物种名录对国际贸易监管的重要性: 以兰科植物为案例

叶超1,2,3(), 王亚君1,2,3(), 金效华1,3(), 何拓4(), 周志华4,*()(), 袁良琛5,*()   

  1. 1 中国科学院植物研究所植物多样性与特色经济作物全国重点实验室/系统与进化植物学重点实验室, 北京 100093
    2 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
    3 国家植物园, 北京 100093
    4 国家林业和草原局野生动物保护监测中心, 北京 100714
    5 国家林业和草原局野生动植物保护司, 北京 100714
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-27 接受日期:2025-12-05 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-12-26
  • 通讯作者: 周志华,袁良琛
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32270214);国家林业和草原局野生植物保护管理项目(2025000056)

The significance of the CITES Appendices checklist in international trade regulation: A case of Orchidaceae

Chao Ye1,2,3(), Yajun Wang1,2,3(), Xiaohua Jin1,3(), Tuo He4(), Zhihua Zhou4,*()(), Liangchen Yuan5,*()   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops/Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
    2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    3 China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
    4 Wildlife Conservation Monitoring Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100714, China
    5 Wildlife Conservation Department, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100714, China
  • Received:2025-08-27 Accepted:2025-12-05 Online:2025-11-20 Published:2025-12-26
  • Contact: Zhihua Zhou, Liangchen Yuan
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270214);Wild Plant Conservation Management Project from the National Forestry and Grassland Administration(2025000056)

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摘要：

《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)作为全球首个涉及濒危物种国际贸易的公约, 在全球物种保护与贸易监管中发挥了重要作用。CITES附录作为国际贸易监管的基础性名录, 对缔约方的履约与执法具有核心支撑作用。兰科植物是被列入CITES附录物种数量最多的类群, 在全球观赏、药用与园艺贸易中占据重要地位, 也是衡量植物贸易监管成效的关键指标。作为植物多样性最丰富的国家之一, 中国兰科植物资源极其丰富, 但因生境破碎化、资源过度采集与贸易需求持续增长, 面临严峻的保护压力。本文梳理了中国兰科植物名录与保护现状, 更新了中国野生兰科植物物种名录, 指出分类学进展对CITES名录更新的推动作用和对履约执法的支撑作用, 总结了中国在履行CITES方面的主要成就, 强调了生境破碎化与非法贸易带来的挑战。最后提出建立名录快速更新机制与开放的物种鉴定平台、构建数字化监管体系等未来方向, 旨在为我国在CITES框架下的兰科植物保护提供参考。

关键词: CITES附录, 名录, 国际贸易, 兰科, 物种保护

Abstract

Background: The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is a legally binding international agreement that regulates trade in endangered species and plays a crucial role in global conservation efforts. Its Appendices provide the fundamental framework for implementation and enforcement of member parties. Orchidaceae, the group with the largest number of species listed in the CITES Appendices, is of great importance in ornamental, medicinal, and horticultural markets worldwide and serves as a key indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of plant trade regulation. As one of the most biodiverse countries, China is extremely rich in orchid resources, but faces severe conservation pressure due to habitat fragmentation, over-collection of resources and increasing trade demand.

Review Results: This review examines the status of orchid documentation and conservation in China, provides the updated checklist of Orchidaceae species discovered in China, showcasing the role of taxonomy in informing CITES updates and supporting its implementation. It summarizes China’s major achievements in implementing CITES obligations, while emphasizing persistent challenges, including continued habitat degradation and illegal trade.

Recommendations: To provide references for the protection of orchids in China under the framework of CITES, we recommend the establishment of a rapid update mechanism and an open-accessed species identification platform, advancing digitalized monitoring and traceability systems.

Key words: CITES Appendices, checklist, international trade, orchids, species conservation

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