生物多样性

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CITES树木物种履约进展与中国履约对策建议

何拓1,2,3,4,陆杨1,2,3,焦立超1,2,3,曾岩5,6,袁良琛7,8,殷亚方1,2,3,6*   

  1. 1. 中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所, 北京 100091;2. CITES全球野生动植物鉴定实验室(木材及木制品), 北京 100091;3.中国林业科学研究院木材标本馆, 北京 100091;4.国家林业和草原局野生动物保护监测中心,北京 100714;5. 中国科学院动物研究所,北京 100101;6. 中华人民共和国濒危物种科学委员会,北京 100101;7. 国家林业和草原局野生动植物保护司, 北京 100714;8. 中国人民共和国濒危物种进出口管理办公室, 北京 100714
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-03 修回日期:2025-11-10 接受日期:2025-11-26
  • 通讯作者: 殷亚方

Progress on the Implementation of CITES Tree Species and Policy Recommendations for China’s Compliance

Tuo He1,2,3,4, Yang Lu1,2,3, Lichao Jiao1,2,3, Yan Zeng5,6, Liangchen Yuan7,8, Yafang Yin1,2,3,6*   

  1. 1 Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China 

    2 CITES Wildlife Forensic Testing Laboratory, Beijing 100091, China 

    3 Wood Collection of Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China 

    4 Wildlife Conservation Monitoring Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100714, China 

    5 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 

    6 Endangered Species Scientific Commission, P. R. China, Beijing 100101, China 

    7 Department of Wildlife Conservation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100714, China 

    8 CITES Management Authority, P. R. China, Beijing 100714, China

  • Received:2025-09-03 Revised:2025-11-10 Accepted:2025-11-26
  • Contact: Yafang Yin
  • Supported by:
    Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201496)

摘要: 树木在全球陆地生态系统中具有不可替代的生态、经济与文化价值,但其生存正面临森林砍伐、栖息地破坏和气候变化等多重威胁,其中非法与不可持续的国际贸易是主要驱动因素之一。《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)自1975年生效以来,逐步将管制树木物种由18种扩展至约690种,通过附录修订、注释管理、决议决定执行等措施,持续推动对树木物种国际贸易的监管,并通过实施树木物种项目,支持缔约方在管理、执法与监测方面的能力建设。本文系统梳理了CITES附录中树木物种列入历程及注释变化,概述了CoP19后与树木直接相关的有效决议和决定,评估了树木物种项目的主要进展与成效,包括物种保护、能力建设、贸易监管及知识共享方面的积极影响,同时指出项目在区域分布、资金使用、基础数据缺乏及评估机制不足等方面的局限性。当前CITES树木物种履约仍面临附录修订科学性不足、出口国源头监管薄弱、物种鉴定与产地溯源技术瓶颈等挑战。中国作为全球重要木材进口国,面临巨大的履约压力。为此,本文提出加强进出口监管、提升履约能力建设、深化国际合作等对策建议,以期推动我国及全球树木物种的有效保护与可持续利用。本文可为未来CITES树木物种管理策略优化、履约能力提升及全球森林生物多样性保护提供参考。

关键词: CITES, 树木物种, 国际贸易监管, 履约能力建设, 生物多样性保护

Abstract

Background: Trees play an irreplaceable ecological, economic, and cultural role in global terrestrial ecosystems, yet their survival faces multiple threats, including deforestation, habitat destruction, and climate change, with illegal and unsustainable international trade being one of the major drivers. 

Review Results: Since its entry into force in 1975, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) has expanded the number of regulated tree species from 18 to around 690. Through Appendix amendments, annotation management, and the implementation of resolutions and decisions, CITES has strengthened the regulation of international trade in tree species, while the CITES Tree Species Programme (CTSP) has supported Parties in enhancing their capacity for management, enforcement, and monitoring. This paper systematically reviews the listing history of tree species in the CITES Appendices and changes in related annotations, outlines effective resolutions and decisions concerning trees adopted after CoP19, and evaluates the outcomes of the CTSP in species conservation, capacity building, trade regulation, and knowledge sharing. It also identifies limitations in terms of regional distribution, funding allocation, insufficient baseline data, and inadequate evaluation mechanisms. The study finds that current challenges to CITES implementation for tree species include insufficient scientific basis for Appendix amendments, weak source-country regulation, and technical bottlenecks in species identification and origin tracing. 

Recommendations: Given China’s role as one of the world’s largest timber importers, this paper proposes measures to strengthen import and export supervision, enhance implementation capacity, and deepen international cooperation, aiming to promote the effective conservation and sustainable use of tree species both in China and globally. The findings provide a reference for optimizing future CITES management strategies for tree species, improving implementation capacity, and advancing global forest biodiversity conservation.

Key words: CITES, tree species, international trade regulation, implementation capacity building, biodiversity conservation