Responses of floral longevity to pollination environments in 11 species from two alpine meadows

doi:10.17520/biods.2018065

Abstract

Abstract:

Floral longevity, the length of time that a flower remains open and functional, varies greatly among species. The high plasticity of floral longevity can reflect an adaptation to variable pollination environments. In the alpine meadows of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (2,900 m vs. 3,600 m), we assessed how potential floral longevity, the shortest floral longevity and the actual floral longevity of 11 species varied under treatments of different pollination contexts. We modeled the response of floral longevity to pollinator exclusion (potential floral longevity minus actual floral longevity) and supplemental pollination (actual longevity minus shortest longevity), and the plasticity of floral longevity (potential longevity minus shortest longevity) at high and low altitude habitats. We found that the plants at the high-altitude community had longer potential floral longevity compared to the low-altitude community, while the shortest floral longevity was not significantly different. Furthermore, pollinator exclusion significantly increased flower longevity, while supplemental pollination significantly decreased floral longevity (i.e. the potential floral longevity > the actual floral longevity > the shortest floral longevity) in both high and low-altitude habitats. In comparison with the low-altitude community, high-altitude plants exhibited higher plasticity of floral longevity. Overall, our results suggest that greater plasticity of floral longevity may increase the opportunity for pollination and thus aid fitness at higher altitudes where pollinators are scarce and unpredictable.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/SWDY201805010

Key words: alpine meadow, floral longevity, plasticity, pollination, altitude

Yuxian Wang, Zuojun Liu, Zhigang Zhao, Meng Hou, Xiaorui Zhang, Wanling Lü. Responses of floral longevity to pollination environments in 11 species from two alpine meadows[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2018, 26(5): 510-518.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2018065

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2018/V26/I5/510

Figures/Tables 5

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因素 Factor	花寿命 Floral longevity
	群落1和2 Community 1 & 2			群落3和4 Community 3 & 4
	Df	F	P	Df	F	P
截距 Intercept	1, 10	17,634.897	< 0.001	1, 9	23,757.518	< 0.001
物种 Species	10, 434	762.000	< 0.001	4, 269	1,121.932	< 0.001
海拔 Elevation	1, 437	50.519	< 0.001	1, 270	55.844	< 0.001
处理 Treatment	2, 433	200.241	< 0.001	2, 267	182.577	< 0.001
物种×海拔 Species × Elevation	4, 435	1.218	0.303	4, 269	1.350	0.252
物种×处理 Species × Treatment	18, 433	4.776	< 0.001	7, 267	5.668	< 0.001
海拔×处理 Elevation × Treatment	2, 433	4.316	0.014	2, 267	4.722	0.010
物种×海拔×处理 Species × Elevation × Treatment	7, 433	0.716	0.659	7, 267	0.791	0.596

因素 Factor	花寿命 Floral longevity
	群落1和2 Community 1 & 2			群落3和4 Community 3 & 4
	Df	F	P	Df	F	P
截距 Intercept	1, 10	17,634.897	< 0.001	1, 9	23,757.518	< 0.001
物种 Species	10, 434	762.000	< 0.001	4, 269	1,121.932	< 0.001
海拔 Elevation	1, 437	50.519	< 0.001	1, 270	55.844	< 0.001
处理 Treatment	2, 433	200.241	< 0.001	2, 267	182.577	< 0.001
物种×海拔 Species × Elevation	4, 435	1.218	0.303	4, 269	1.350	0.252
物种×处理 Species × Treatment	18, 433	4.776	< 0.001	7, 267	5.668	< 0.001
海拔×处理 Elevation × Treatment	2, 433	4.316	0.014	2, 267	4.722	0.010
物种×海拔×处理 Species × Elevation × Treatment	7, 433	0.716	0.659	7, 267	0.791	0.596

物种 Species	花寿命 Floral longevity
	低海拔 Low elevation (2,900 m )			高海拔 High elevation (3,500 m)
	套袋处理 Pollinator exclusion	自然授粉 Open pollination	补充授粉Supplemental pollination	套袋处理Pollinator exclusion	自然授粉 Open pollination	补充授粉Supplemental pollination
蒲公英 Taraxacum mongolicum	5.2 ± 0.8^a	4.7 ± 0.6^a	-	6.5 ± 1.2^a	5.6 ± 0.8^b	-
甘青老鹳草 Geranium pylzowianum	4.4 ± 0.5^a	3.2 ± 0.4^b	2.8 ± 0.3^b	5.0 ± 0.5^a	3.8 ± 0.3^b	3.0 ± 0.3^c
钝裂银莲花 Anemone obtusiloba	9.8 ± 0.9^a	8.6 ± 1.1^b	7.6 ± 0.4^c	10.8 ± 0.8^a	9.4 ± 0.7^b	7.5 ± 0.6^c
莓叶委陵菜 Potentilla fragarioides	3.5 ± 0.4^a	2.8 ± 0.3^b	2.4 ± 0.3^c	3.8 ± 0.4^a	3.3 ± 0.3^b	2.8 ± 0.5^c
高原毛茛 Ranunculus tanguticus	9.4 ± 0.4^a	8.2 ± 0.8^b	7.7 ± 1.1^b	10.2 ± 0.7^a	8.9 ± 0.8^b	7.8 ± 0.6^c
狼毒 Stellera chamaejasme	14.3 ± 1.4^a	11.8 ± 1.4^b	-	-	-	-
鹅绒委陵菜 Potentilla anserina	4.5 ± 0.6^a	3.2 ± 0.5^b	3.1 ± 0.6^b	-	-	-
野草莓 Fragaria vesca	4.4 ± 0.7^a	4.3 ± 0.8^a	3.5 ± 0.5^b	-	-	-
华西委陵菜 Potentilla potaninii	3.3 ± 0.5^a	2.5 ± 0.6^b	2.2 ± 0.3^b	-	-	-
高山豆 Tibetia himalaica	4.1 ± 0.9^a	3.0 ± 0.5^b	2.8 ± 0.5^b	-	-	-
小花草玉梅 Anemone rivularis var. flore-minore	-	-	-	5.3 ± 0.8^a	4.6 ± 0.6^b	4.4 ± 1.0^b

物种 Species	花寿命 Floral longevity
	低海拔 Low elevation (2,900 m )			高海拔 High elevation (3,500 m)
	套袋处理 Pollinator exclusion	自然授粉 Open pollination	补充授粉Supplemental pollination	套袋处理Pollinator exclusion	自然授粉 Open pollination	补充授粉Supplemental pollination
蒲公英 Taraxacum mongolicum	5.2 ± 0.8^a	4.7 ± 0.6^a	-	6.5 ± 1.2^a	5.6 ± 0.8^b	-
甘青老鹳草 Geranium pylzowianum	4.4 ± 0.5^a	3.2 ± 0.4^b	2.8 ± 0.3^b	5.0 ± 0.5^a	3.8 ± 0.3^b	3.0 ± 0.3^c
钝裂银莲花 Anemone obtusiloba	9.8 ± 0.9^a	8.6 ± 1.1^b	7.6 ± 0.4^c	10.8 ± 0.8^a	9.4 ± 0.7^b	7.5 ± 0.6^c
莓叶委陵菜 Potentilla fragarioides	3.5 ± 0.4^a	2.8 ± 0.3^b	2.4 ± 0.3^c	3.8 ± 0.4^a	3.3 ± 0.3^b	2.8 ± 0.5^c
高原毛茛 Ranunculus tanguticus	9.4 ± 0.4^a	8.2 ± 0.8^b	7.7 ± 1.1^b	10.2 ± 0.7^a	8.9 ± 0.8^b	7.8 ± 0.6^c
狼毒 Stellera chamaejasme	14.3 ± 1.4^a	11.8 ± 1.4^b	-	-	-	-
鹅绒委陵菜 Potentilla anserina	4.5 ± 0.6^a	3.2 ± 0.5^b	3.1 ± 0.6^b	-	-	-
野草莓 Fragaria vesca	4.4 ± 0.7^a	4.3 ± 0.8^a	3.5 ± 0.5^b	-	-	-
华西委陵菜 Potentilla potaninii	3.3 ± 0.5^a	2.5 ± 0.6^b	2.2 ± 0.3^b	-	-	-
高山豆 Tibetia himalaica	4.1 ± 0.9^a	3.0 ± 0.5^b	2.8 ± 0.5^b	-	-	-
小花草玉梅 Anemone rivularis var. flore-minore	-	-	-	5.3 ± 0.8^a	4.6 ± 0.6^b	4.4 ± 1.0^b

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