被子植物APG分类系统评论

doi:10.17520/biods.2017015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着植物分子系统学的兴起, 被子植物系统发育研究取得了举世瞩目的进展。被子植物系统发育组提出了基于DNA证据的被子植物在目、科分类阶元上的分类系统, 简称APG系统。本文简要概括了APG系统的主要成就: (1)验证了被子植物分类系统的可重复性和可预言性; (2)解决了一些依据形态学性状未能确定的类群的系统位置; (3)证明了将被子植物一级分类分为双子叶植物和单子叶植物的不自然性; (4)证实了单沟花粉和三沟花粉在被子植物高级分类单元划分中的重要性; (5)发现雄蕊的向心发育和离心发育在多雄蕊类群中是多次发生的, 不应作为划分纲或亚纲的重要依据; (6)支持基于形态学(广义)性状划分的大多数科是自然的; (7)将一些长期认为自然的科四分五裂。同时, 我们指出了尚需深入研究的几个问题: (1)如何将以分子数据建立的系统和以综合形态学证据建立的系统相协调; (2)依据APG系统的研究结果需要创立新的形态演化理论; (3)只以“单系群”作为划分科、目的依据值得商榷; (4)APG系统中一些目的分类没有可信的形态学共衍征; (5)依据APG系统需要做出一个自然系统的目、科检索表和目、科的特征集要。此外, 我们对以亚洲, 特别是东亚为分布中心的一些类群的系统关系或分类等级提出建议, 包括八角科、芒苞草科、水青树科、火筒树科、马尾树科、七叶树科、槭树科、伯乐树科应独立为科, 山茱萸科(广义)应分为山茱萸科(狭义)和蓝果树科(广义)。

关键词: 被子植物, 分子系统学, 分类, 形态学, 单系, 共衍征

Abstract

With the rise of plant molecular systematics, tremendous progress has been made in understanding phylogenetic relationships within angiosperms. With the basic phylogenetic framework of angiosperms established, a DNA phylogeny-based angiosperm classification system at the order and familial levels was proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) in 1998 and has been updated three times. In this paper, we summarize the major achievements of the APG system as follows: (1) testing the repeatability and predictability of the APG system for angiosperms; (2) resolving the systematic positions of some segregate taxa which were not placed based on morphological characters; (3) proving that it is not reasonable to first divide angiosperms based on cotyledon character; (4) demonstrating the importance of tricolpate/tricolporate pollen and derivatives for angiosperm classification; (5) finding that the centrifugal development of stamens in polyandrous groups have evolved independently many times and should not be used to delimit class or subclass of angiosperms; (6) supporting that most of the families delimited by broad morphological characters are natural; and (7) separating some families which are traditionally regarded as natural. We then point out potential problems that need to be resolved in the future, including: (1) how to harmonize the APG system and the morphology-based systems; (2) establishing new morphological evolution theories on the basis of the APG system; (3) determining whether it is enough to only use “monophyly” as a criterion to circumscribe orders and families; (4) determining morphological synapormorphies of those orders in the APG system; and (5) how to best compile a key to distinguish the orders and families of the APG system and to list their diagnostic characters for orders and families. In addition, we propose suggestions for the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status of some taxa mainly distributed in Asia, specifically East Asia, including Illiciaceae, Acanthochlamydaceae, Tetracentraceae, Leeaceae, Rhoipteiaceae, Hippocastenaceae, Aceraceae, Bretschneideraceae as familial status, and dividing Cornaceae sensu lato into Cornaceae sensu stricto and Nyssaceae sensu lato.

Key words: angiosperms, molecular systematics, classification, morphology, monophyly, synapormorphy

王伟, 张晓霞, 陈之端, 路安民 (2017) 被子植物APG分类系统评论. 生物多样性, 25, 418-426. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017015.

Wei Wang, Xiaoxia Zhang, Zhiduan Chen, Anming Lu (2017) Comments on the APG’s classification of angiosperms. Biodiversity Science, 25, 418-426. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017015.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2017015

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2017/V25/I4/418

图/表 3

图1 被子植物APG IV (2016)系统的目间系统关系。虚线表示核/线粒体树与叶绿体树冲突; 标灰色的目含有多雄蕊离心发育的类群; 花粉和子叶性状标在系统树的右边。

Fig. 1 Interrelationships of the APG IV (2016) orders of angiosperms. The dotted lines indicate the conflicting placements between nuclear/mitochondrial and chloroplast trees. The orders with the gray contain at least one taxon with multiple centrifugal development stamens. Pollen and cotyledonal characters are labeled on the right.

图2 比较APG IV (2016)系统与Takhtajan (2009)系统中金虎尾目的范围。括号中的数字示Takhtajan (2009)系统中目的序号。

Fig. 2 Comparison of the circumscription of Malpighiales between the APG IV (2016) and Takhtajan (2009) systems. The numbers in brackets indicate the serial numbers of the orders of Takhtajan (2009).

图3 比较APG IV(2016)系统与Takhtajan(2009)系统中虎耳草目的范围。锁阳科的位置根据Bellot等(2016)的结果。括号中的数字示Takhtajan(2009)系统中目的序号。

Fig. 3 Comparison of the circumscription of Saxifragales between the APG IV (2016) and Takhtajan (2009) systems. The placement of Cynomoriaceae is based on the result of Bellot et al (2016). The numbers in brackets indicate the serial numbers of the orders of Takhtajan (2009).

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