生物多样性 ›› 2016, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (8): 896-906. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016111
刘鸿雁, 杨超杰, 张沛东, 李文涛, 杨晓龙, 张秀梅*()
收稿日期:
2016-04-25
接受日期:
2016-07-19
出版日期:
2016-08-20
发布日期:
2016-09-02
通讯作者:
张秀梅
基金资助:
Hongyan Liu, Chaojie Yang, Peidong Zhang, Wentao Li, Xiaolong Yang, Xiumei Zhang*()
Received:
2016-04-25
Accepted:
2016-07-19
Online:
2016-08-20
Published:
2016-09-02
Contact:
Zhang Xiumei
摘要:
基于2015年5月至2016年1月在青岛崂山湾人工鱼礁区的调查数据, 采用Margalef种类丰富度指数(d)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、Pielou均匀度指数(J)、丰度/生物量曲线、等级聚类分析、SIMPER相似性百分比分析和非度量多维尺度排序(NMDS)分析, 对底层游泳动物群落结构和多样性进行研究。调查期间共捕获游泳动物61种, 隶属34科, 其中鱼类36种, 甲壳类22种, 头足类3种。优势种为日本蟳(Charybdis japonica)、许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)、大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammus otakii)、斑头鱼(H. agrammus)和星康吉鳗(Conger myriaster), 其中日本蟳(26.91%)和许氏平鲉(26.74%)的生物量占绝对优势。礁区游泳动物的渔获量和渔获种类数均多于对照区, 月平均单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)最高值出现在5月, 达到735.74 ± 316.59 g·net-1·d-1。游泳动物群落组成的特征值上, 7、8月的多样性指数较高, 但鱼礁区和对照区无显著差异(P>0.05)。丰度/生物量曲线表明, 5、6月游泳动物群落处于严重受干扰状态, 11月和次年1月群落处于相对稳定状态。聚类分析表明, 除1月外, 各月份不同区域的样方相似性都较高, 5、6月三亩前礁区的相似性最高, 达到86.21%。
刘鸿雁, 杨超杰, 张沛东, 李文涛, 杨晓龙, 张秀梅 (2016) 青岛崂山湾人工鱼礁区底层游泳动物群落结构特征. 生物多样性, 24, 896-906. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016111.
Hongyan Liu, Chaojie Yang, Peidong Zhang, Wentao Li, Xiaolong Yang, Xiumei Zhang (2016) Demersal nekton community structure of artificial reef zones in Laoshan Bay, Qingdao. Biodiversity Science, 24, 896-906. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016111.
环境变量 Environment variable | 1月 Jan. | 5月 May | 6月 Jun. | 7月 Jul. | 8月 Aug. | 9月 Sept. | 10月 Oct. | 11月 Nov. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
水温 Temperature (℃) | 4.57 ± 0.12a | 11.93 ± 0.23b | 14.09 ± 0.08c | 22.68 ± 0.51d | 25.84 ± 0.11e | 24.70 ± 0.06f | 20.30 ± 0.15g | 14.09 ± 0.05c |
溶解氧含量 DO (mg/L) | 8.33 ± 1.45a | 9.18 ± 0.78ab | 7.89 ± 0.84b | 6.04 ± 0.33c | 4.22 ± 0.43d | 4.67 ± 0.03de | 6.71 ± 0.05c | 5.78 ± 0.02dce |
盐度 Salinity | 31.29 ± 0.20a | 31.87 ± 0.06b | 31.19 ± 0.07b | 30.96 ± 0.03c | 30.86 ± 0.04c | 30.99 ± 0.03c | 31.16 ± 0.03b | 30.51 ± 0.15d |
pH | 7.80 ± 0.12a | 7.70 ± 0.03b | 7.85 ± 0.05c | 7.59 ± 0.03a | 7.77 ± 0.08b | 7.73 ± 0.04b | 7.70 ± 0.03ab | 7.89 ± 0.07d |
表1 崂山湾人工鱼礁区底层水域环境特征
Table 1 Environmental conditions of bottom water of the artificial reef zones in Laoshan Bay
环境变量 Environment variable | 1月 Jan. | 5月 May | 6月 Jun. | 7月 Jul. | 8月 Aug. | 9月 Sept. | 10月 Oct. | 11月 Nov. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
水温 Temperature (℃) | 4.57 ± 0.12a | 11.93 ± 0.23b | 14.09 ± 0.08c | 22.68 ± 0.51d | 25.84 ± 0.11e | 24.70 ± 0.06f | 20.30 ± 0.15g | 14.09 ± 0.05c |
溶解氧含量 DO (mg/L) | 8.33 ± 1.45a | 9.18 ± 0.78ab | 7.89 ± 0.84b | 6.04 ± 0.33c | 4.22 ± 0.43d | 4.67 ± 0.03de | 6.71 ± 0.05c | 5.78 ± 0.02dce |
盐度 Salinity | 31.29 ± 0.20a | 31.87 ± 0.06b | 31.19 ± 0.07b | 30.96 ± 0.03c | 30.86 ± 0.04c | 30.99 ± 0.03c | 31.16 ± 0.03b | 30.51 ± 0.15d |
pH | 7.80 ± 0.12a | 7.70 ± 0.03b | 7.85 ± 0.05c | 7.59 ± 0.03a | 7.77 ± 0.08b | 7.73 ± 0.04b | 7.70 ± 0.03ab | 7.89 ± 0.07d |
种类 Species | 5月 May | 6月 Jun. | 7月 Jul. | 8月 Aug. | 9月 Sept. | 10月 Oct. | 11月 Nov. | 1月 Jan. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
许氏平鲉 Sebastes schlegelii | 4,665 | 2,671 | 1,829 | 847 | 2,413 | 2,935 | 10,485 | 7,963 |
日本蟳 Charybdis japonica | 2,045 | 2,161 | 7,852 | 8,158 | 7,728 | 9,420 | 2,386 | 189 |
大泷六线鱼 Hexagrammus otakii | 5,288 | 6,303 | 1,794 | 734 | 1,522 | 1,467 | 1,406 | 2,065 |
斑头鱼 Hexagrammus agrammus | 1,601 | 3,168 | 75 | 530 | 350 | 518 | 1,065 | 339 |
星康吉鳗 Conger myriaster | 394 | 134 | 1,372 | 807 | 1,290 | 1,103 | 747 | 13 |
寄居蟹科 Paguridae | 1,045 | 1,206 | 2,496 | 1,957 | 24 | 46 | - | 642 |
褐菖鲉 Sebastiscus mamoratus | 27 | 93 | 31 | 138 | 871 | 2,087 | 1,567 | 199 |
朝鲜平鲉 Sebastes koreanus | 691 | 616 | 30 | 10 | 330 | 359 | 225 | 47 |
长蛸 Octopus variabilis | 616 | 69 | 45 | - | 159 | 683 | 95 | 191 |
厚头平鲉 Sebastes pachycephalus | 281 | 328 | - | 17 | 69 | 195 | 154 | 79 |
口虾蛄 Oratosquilla oratoria | 23 | 34 | 398 | 418 | 1,041 | 188 | 158 | - |
敖氏长臂虾 Palaemon ortmanni | 53 | 32 | 19 | 150 | 47 | 225 | 61 | - |
繸鳚 Chirolophis japonicus | 167 | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | 23 |
方氏云鳚 Pholis fangi | 4 | 2 | - | - | 33 | 25 | 503 | - |
花鲈 Lateolabrax maculatus | - | - | 10 | - | 588 | 117 | 787 | - |
强壮菱蟹 Parthenope validus | - | - | 49 | 185 | 518 | - | - | - |
三疣梭子蟹 Portunus trituberculatus | - | - | - | 5 | 1,107 | - | 31 | - |
黄姑鱼 Nibea albiflora | - | - | - | 40 | 519 | 34 | - | - |
银姑鱼 Pennahia argentata | - | - | - | - | 205 | - | - | - |
褐牙鲆 Paralichthys olivaceus | - | - | 16 | 4 | 436 | - | - | - |
表2 2015年5月至2016年1月崂山湾主要游泳动物的Pinkas相对重要性指数(“-”表示未捕获)
Table 2 Index of relative importance (IRI) of the main nektons in Laoshan Bay from May 2015 to January 2016 (“- ” means not catch)
种类 Species | 5月 May | 6月 Jun. | 7月 Jul. | 8月 Aug. | 9月 Sept. | 10月 Oct. | 11月 Nov. | 1月 Jan. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
许氏平鲉 Sebastes schlegelii | 4,665 | 2,671 | 1,829 | 847 | 2,413 | 2,935 | 10,485 | 7,963 |
日本蟳 Charybdis japonica | 2,045 | 2,161 | 7,852 | 8,158 | 7,728 | 9,420 | 2,386 | 189 |
大泷六线鱼 Hexagrammus otakii | 5,288 | 6,303 | 1,794 | 734 | 1,522 | 1,467 | 1,406 | 2,065 |
斑头鱼 Hexagrammus agrammus | 1,601 | 3,168 | 75 | 530 | 350 | 518 | 1,065 | 339 |
星康吉鳗 Conger myriaster | 394 | 134 | 1,372 | 807 | 1,290 | 1,103 | 747 | 13 |
寄居蟹科 Paguridae | 1,045 | 1,206 | 2,496 | 1,957 | 24 | 46 | - | 642 |
褐菖鲉 Sebastiscus mamoratus | 27 | 93 | 31 | 138 | 871 | 2,087 | 1,567 | 199 |
朝鲜平鲉 Sebastes koreanus | 691 | 616 | 30 | 10 | 330 | 359 | 225 | 47 |
长蛸 Octopus variabilis | 616 | 69 | 45 | - | 159 | 683 | 95 | 191 |
厚头平鲉 Sebastes pachycephalus | 281 | 328 | - | 17 | 69 | 195 | 154 | 79 |
口虾蛄 Oratosquilla oratoria | 23 | 34 | 398 | 418 | 1,041 | 188 | 158 | - |
敖氏长臂虾 Palaemon ortmanni | 53 | 32 | 19 | 150 | 47 | 225 | 61 | - |
繸鳚 Chirolophis japonicus | 167 | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | 23 |
方氏云鳚 Pholis fangi | 4 | 2 | - | - | 33 | 25 | 503 | - |
花鲈 Lateolabrax maculatus | - | - | 10 | - | 588 | 117 | 787 | - |
强壮菱蟹 Parthenope validus | - | - | 49 | 185 | 518 | - | - | - |
三疣梭子蟹 Portunus trituberculatus | - | - | - | 5 | 1,107 | - | 31 | - |
黄姑鱼 Nibea albiflora | - | - | - | 40 | 519 | 34 | - | - |
银姑鱼 Pennahia argentata | - | - | - | - | 205 | - | - | - |
褐牙鲆 Paralichthys olivaceus | - | - | 16 | 4 | 436 | - | - | - |
图5 崂山湾不同区域不同月份游泳动物群落聚类分析(数字表示月份, 字母表示区域)
Fig. 5 The cluster analysis of the nekton community in different months and different zones in Laoshan Bay. Digits indicate the month, and letters indicate zones.
图6 崂山湾不同区域不同月份游泳动物群落NMDS排序分析。数字表示月份, 字母表示区域。
Fig. 6 NMDS analysis of the nekton community in different months and different zones in Laoshan Bay. Digits indicate the month, and letters indicate zones.
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