赤水河鱼类资源的现状与保护

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.168

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

赤水河是长江上游右岸一级支流, 为长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区的重要组成部分。为了了解赤水河鱼类资源现状, 于2007年4-10月在赤水河流域进行了鱼类资源调查。在干、支流共51个采样点采集了鱼类标本; 对茅台镇、赤水市和合江县三个江段的渔获物进行了统计和分析。共采集到鱼类119种(亚种), 隶属于5目16科75属。其中25种为该水域的新记录; 34种为长江上游特有鱼类, 尤其是宽唇华缨鱼(Sinocrossocheilus labiatus)仅分布于赤水河。在上、中、下游分别采集到鱼类36、61和100种。宽鳍鱲(Zacco platypus)、中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)、光泽黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus nitidus)、张氏 (Hemiculter tchangi)和蛇鮈(Saurogobio dabryi)为赤水河中主要的经济鱼类, 同时, 各江段渔获物的组成也存在一定的差别。本研究表明, 赤水河流域鱼类种类相对丰富, 但过度捕捞和涉水活动导致鱼类资源出现了一定程度的衰减。

关键词: 长江, 赤水河, 保护区, 鱼类资源

Abstract

The Chishui River is an important part of the Rare and Endemic Fishes Nature Reserve in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. We surveyed the Chishui River between April and October of 2007 to assess the current status of fish assemblages it contains. We sampled 51 sites in the river basin and identified a total of 119 species belonging to 5 orders, 16 families and 75 genera. Among them, 25 species were new records for the Chishui River basin and 34 species were endemic to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Sinocrossocheilus labiatus was present only in the Chishui River. There were 36, 61 and 100 fish species found in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the river, respectively. Zacco platypus, Spinibarbus sinensis,Pelteobagrus nitidus, Hemiculter tchangi andSaurogobio dabryi were the main commercially-important species captured of the Chishui River, but the components of fishery catches varied significantly among reaches. We offer recommendations for the protection of the diminishing fish resources of the Chishui River.

Key words: Yangtze River, Chishui River, protected area, fish resource

吴金明, 赵海涛, 苗志国, 陈永祥, 张富铁, 王剑伟 (2010) 赤水河鱼类资源的现状与保护. 生物多样性, 18, 162-168. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.168.

Wu Jinming, Zhao Haitao, Miao Zhiguo, Chen Yongxiang, Zhang Futie, Wang Jianwei (2010) Status and conservation of fish resources in the Chishui River. Biodiversity Science, 18, 162-168. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.168.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.168

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2010/V18/I2/162

图/表 6

参考文献 15

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	上游 Upper reaches	中游 Middle reaches	下游 Lower reaches
河流长度 Length of river (km)	225	158	54
流域面积 Basin area (×10³km²)	8.03	8.52	3.90
鱼类种类数 Number of species	36	61	100
特有鱼类种类数 Number of endemic species	12	14	22
鱼类丰富度 Fish species richness	17.28	28.94	73.48
特有鱼类丰富度 Endemic species richness	5.76	6.53	16.16

	上游 Upper reaches	中游 Middle reaches	下游 Lower reaches
河流长度 Length of river (km)	225	158	54
流域面积 Basin area (×10³km²)	8.03	8.52	3.90
鱼类种类数 Number of species	36	61	100
特有鱼类种类数 Number of endemic species	12	14	22
鱼类丰富度 Fish species richness	17.28	28.94	73.48
特有鱼类丰富度 Endemic species richness	5.76	6.53	16.16

江段 Reaches	种类 Species	尾数 Number	尾数比 Percentage of number (%)	重量 Weight(g)	重量比 Percentage of weight (%)	尾均重 Average body weight (g)
茅台 Maotai	宽鳍鱲 Zacco platypus	1,655	38.56	23,214	22.08	19.08
	鳜 Siniperca chuatsi	191	4.45	15,448	14.69	79.88
	切尾拟鲿 Pseudobagrus truncatus	716	16.68	14,903	14.17	19.43
	花鱼骨Hemibarbus maculatus	257	5.99	10,887	10.35	43.02
	马口鱼 Opsariichthys bidens	392	9.13	6,916	6.58	18.68
	大鳍鳠 Hemibagrus macropterus	134	3.12	6,683	6.36	49.95
	凹尾拟鲿 Pseudobagrus emarginatus	171	3.98	5,439	5.17	32.09
	鲤 Cyprinus carpio	16	0.37	4,325	4.11	270.34
	鲫 Carassius auratus	85	1.98	3,265	3.11	38.53
	半 Hemiculterella sauvagei	415	9.67	3,230	3.07	7.84
	其他种类 Other species	260	6.05	10,833	10.28
赤水 Chishui	中华倒刺鲃 Spinibarbus sinensis	764	7.94	119,999	26.09	162.65
	大鳍鳠 Hemibagrus macropterus	934	9.71	46,569	10.13	48.96
	花鱼骨 Hemibarbus maculatus	737	7.66	37,677	8.19	53.47
	瓦氏黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus vachelli	788	8.19	36,199	7.87	46.16
	粗唇鮠 Leiocassis crassilabris	839	8.72	30,573	6.65	36.43
	光泽黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus nitidus	1,102	11.46	28,278	6.15	25.89
	银鮈 Squalidus argentatus	2,096	21.79	25,811	5.61	16.13
	鲤 Cyprinus carpio	23	0.24	18,629	4.05	809.97
	蛇鮈 Saurogobio dabryi	438	4.55	15,458	3.36	42.25
	鲇 Silurus asotus	72	0.75	12,896	2.80	179.10
	其他 Other species	1,448	18.99	87,849	19.10
合江 Hejiang	张氏 Hemiculter tchangi	206	8.41	8,089	8.99	39.27
	蛇鮈 Saurogobio dabryi	293	11.96	8,037	8.93	31.03
	蒙古鲌 Culter mongolicus	51	2.08	6,293	7.00	123.40
	黄尾鲴 Xenocypris davidi	38	1.55	5,918	6.58	121.95
	光泽黄颡鱼 P. nitidus	386	15.76	5,312	5.90	14.97
	鲤 Cyprinus carpio	25	1.02	5,276	5.87	243.85
	中华倒刺鲃 Spinibarbus sinensis	34	1.39	5,159	5.73	137.77
	飘鱼 Pseudolaubuca sinensis	85	3.47	4,102	4.56	45.65
	鲫 Carassius auratus	84	3.43	4,036	4.49	58.91
	瓦氏黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus vachelli	107	4.37	3,677	4.09	35.66
	其他 Other species	1,140	46.51	34,055	37.84

江段 Reaches	种类 Species	尾数 Number	尾数比 Percentage of number (%)	重量 Weight(g)	重量比 Percentage of weight (%)	尾均重 Average body weight (g)
茅台 Maotai	宽鳍鱲 Zacco platypus	1,655	38.56	23,214	22.08	19.08
	鳜 Siniperca chuatsi	191	4.45	15,448	14.69	79.88
	切尾拟鲿 Pseudobagrus truncatus	716	16.68	14,903	14.17	19.43
	花鱼骨Hemibarbus maculatus	257	5.99	10,887	10.35	43.02
	马口鱼 Opsariichthys bidens	392	9.13	6,916	6.58	18.68
	大鳍鳠 Hemibagrus macropterus	134	3.12	6,683	6.36	49.95
	凹尾拟鲿 Pseudobagrus emarginatus	171	3.98	5,439	5.17	32.09
	鲤 Cyprinus carpio	16	0.37	4,325	4.11	270.34
	鲫 Carassius auratus	85	1.98	3,265	3.11	38.53
	半 Hemiculterella sauvagei	415	9.67	3,230	3.07	7.84
	其他种类 Other species	260	6.05	10,833	10.28
赤水 Chishui	中华倒刺鲃 Spinibarbus sinensis	764	7.94	119,999	26.09	162.65
	大鳍鳠 Hemibagrus macropterus	934	9.71	46,569	10.13	48.96
	花鱼骨 Hemibarbus maculatus	737	7.66	37,677	8.19	53.47
	瓦氏黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus vachelli	788	8.19	36,199	7.87	46.16
	粗唇鮠 Leiocassis crassilabris	839	8.72	30,573	6.65	36.43
	光泽黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus nitidus	1,102	11.46	28,278	6.15	25.89
	银鮈 Squalidus argentatus	2,096	21.79	25,811	5.61	16.13
	鲤 Cyprinus carpio	23	0.24	18,629	4.05	809.97
	蛇鮈 Saurogobio dabryi	438	4.55	15,458	3.36	42.25
	鲇 Silurus asotus	72	0.75	12,896	2.80	179.10
	其他 Other species	1,448	18.99	87,849	19.10
合江 Hejiang	张氏 Hemiculter tchangi	206	8.41	8,089	8.99	39.27
	蛇鮈 Saurogobio dabryi	293	11.96	8,037	8.93	31.03
	蒙古鲌 Culter mongolicus	51	2.08	6,293	7.00	123.40
	黄尾鲴 Xenocypris davidi	38	1.55	5,918	6.58	121.95
	光泽黄颡鱼 P. nitidus	386	15.76	5,312	5.90	14.97
	鲤 Cyprinus carpio	25	1.02	5,276	5.87	243.85
	中华倒刺鲃 Spinibarbus sinensis	34	1.39	5,159	5.73	137.77
	飘鱼 Pseudolaubuca sinensis	85	3.47	4,102	4.56	45.65
	鲫 Carassius auratus	84	3.43	4,036	4.49	58.91
	瓦氏黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus vachelli	107	4.37	3,677	4.09	35.66
	其他 Other species	1,140	46.51	34,055	37.84

鱼名 Species	平均体长 Average body length (mm)		平均体重 Average body weight (g)
鱼名 Species	1994	2007	1994	2007
岩原鲤 Procypris rabaudi	330	264	772.00	458.35
大鳍鳠 Hemibagrus macropterus	203	195	63.30	48.96
瓦氏黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus vachelli	165	150	75.20	46.16
白甲鱼 Onychostoma simum	201	183	187.30	145.49
鲤 Cyprinus carpio	272	265	888.40	809.97
赤眼鳟 Squaliobarbus curriculus	175	167	102.10	71.50
蛇鮈 Saurogobio dabryi	139	153	28.90	42.25
中华倒刺鲃 Spinibarbus sinensis	182	190	152.60	162.65
粗唇鮠 Leiocassis crassilabris	108	137	25.50	36.43