生物多样性 ›› 2009, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (2): 195-200. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08349 cstr: 32101.14.SP.J.1003.2009.08349
赵欣1, 林超文2, 徐明桥3, 黄晶晶2, 陈一兵2, 李传仁3, 蔡青年1,*()
收稿日期:
2008-12-24
接受日期:
2009-03-17
出版日期:
2009-03-20
发布日期:
2009-03-20
通讯作者:
蔡青年
作者简介:
* E-mail: caiqn@cau.edu.cn基金资助:
Xin Zhao1, Chaowen Lin2, Mingqiao Xu3, Jingjing Huang2, Yibing Chen2, Chuanren Li3, Qingnian Cai1,*()
Received:
2008-12-24
Accepted:
2009-03-17
Online:
2009-03-20
Published:
2009-03-20
Contact:
Qingnian Cai
摘要:
地膜水稻作为一种新的水稻种植方式, 在我国丘陵和山区水稻生产中具有明显的增产效果。地膜稻田中杂草作为重要的有害生物, 有关其群落组成及多样性的报道不多。为了明确地膜稻田杂草的种类、发生密度、优势种及群落多样性, 我们设计了地膜和常规种植两类不同种植模式稻田, 在田间杂草营养生长盛期, 抽样调查了两类稻田中杂草密度、发生程度及生物多样性指数等。结果表明: 地膜稻田和常规稻田杂草种类分别有8科12属12种和10科14属14种。其中常规稻田的马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea)、鸭舌草(Monochoria vaginalis)、拟金茅(Eulaliopsis binata) 和四叶萍(Marsilea quadrifolia) 等在地膜稻田不发生或仅偶有发生, 覆膜稻田中杂草总密度显著降低。异型莎草(Cyperus difformis)和酢浆草(Oxalis corniculata)在两种种植模式田均为优势种, 其相对密度分别为10.29-49.26%和11.91-45.59%, 且地膜稻田的密度均显著低于常规稻田; 而马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)和水莎草(Juncellus serotinus)仅为地膜稻田的优势种, 其相对密度分别为18.01-30.46%和17.22-23.97%。除个别调查时间外, 两种种植模式稻田杂草群落的Shannon多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数无显著差异; 而在整个调查期间, 地膜稻田的Pielou均匀度指数均显著高于常规稻田。由此可见, 地膜水稻种植模式不仅对稻田常见杂草和优势种杂草有一定的控制作用, 而且也使整个杂草群落处于一个稳定水平, 避免了一些杂草的暴发, 这对水稻生产过程中的草害控制具有重要的意义。
赵欣, 林超文, 徐明桥, 黄晶晶, 陈一兵, 李传仁, 蔡青年 (2009) 水稻覆膜处理对稻田杂草多样性的影响. 生物多样性, 17, 195-200. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08349.
Xin Zhao, Chaowen Lin, Mingqiao Xu, Jingjing Huang, Yibing Chen, Chuanren Li, Qingnian Cai (2009) Effect of film-mulched treatment on weed diversity in rice field. Biodiversity Science, 17, 195-200. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08349.
调查次数 Sampling times 杂草种类 Weed species | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
地膜 Film-mulched | 常规Conventional | 地膜 Film-mulched | 常规Conventional | 地膜 Film-mulched | 常规Conventional | 地膜 Film-mulched | 常规 Conventional | ||||
马唐 Digitaria sanguinalis | 30.46±2.34 | - | 20.52±4.30a | 2.73±1.17b | 18.01±3.58 | - | 9.49±3.29a | 0.05±0.03b | |||
千金子 Leptochloa chinensis | 3.14±1.21a | 0.27±0.19b | 2.11±0.52a | 0.35±0.31b | 2.20±1.91a | 0.97±1.08a | 0.71±0.42a | 0.30±0.08a | |||
稗草 Echinochloa crusgalli | 7.48±3.25a | 7.60±3.72a | 0.99±1.02b | 2.05±1.13b | 0.87±1.41a | 1.73±0.80a | 1.46±1.15a | 1.66±0.56a | |||
拟金茅 Eulaliopsis binata | - | - | - | 0.41±0.38 | - | 0.66±0.36 | 4.18±1.59a | 1.03±0.26b | |||
水莎草 Juncellus serotinus | 17.22±3.76a | 2.63±0.88b | 5.96±1.60a | 0.99±0.09b | 17.92±7.51a | 0.98±0.84b | 23.97±7.63a | 0.85±0.41b | |||
异型莎草 Cyperus difformis | 27.10±6.43b | 49.26±9.88a | 17.26±5.35b | 10.29±5.79b | 18.01±5.93a | 21.13±4.43a | 16.07±4.34a | 3.60±0.60b | |||
猪殃殃 Galium aparine | 0.34±0.33b | 2.22±0.75a | 3.31±2.51b | 16.23±3.57a | 9.07±3.01b | 18.01±2.80a | 20.27±3.69a | 2.10±1.01b | |||
陌上菜 Lindernia procumbens | - | 8.12±4.02 | 0.11±0.27 | - | 2.43±2.08a | 0.86±0.69a | 1.39±0.78b | 21.07±6.01a | |||
节节菜 Rotala indica | 8.43±1.84a | 1.51±0.64b | 1.08±0.62b | 2.32±1.09a | 4.50±1.22b | 19.40±2.79a | 3.41±1.04a | 2.21±0.58b | |||
丁香蓼 Ludwigia prostrata | 4.25±1.43b | 16.10±3.55a | 7.09±3.24a | 9.05±1.61a | 5.37±2.47a | 7.31±1.67a | 6.34±1.00a | 5.01±1.67a | |||
酢浆草 Oxalis corniculata | - | 12.07±0.42 | 40.07±6.57a | 45.59±6.42a | 21.36±2.75a | 20.14±4.06 | 11.91±2.51a | 1.53±0.67b | |||
马齿苋 Portulaca oleracea | - | - | - | 6.28±1.90 | - | 5.74±1.80 | 0.20±0.49b | 7.88±1.64a | |||
鸭舌草 Monochoria vaginalis | - | - | - | 4.01±208 | - | 2.62±1.06 | - | 0.67±0.27 | |||
四叶萍 Marsilea quadrifolia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 51.12±7.91 |
表1 地膜稻田和常规栽培稻田杂草相对密度(平均值±标准差) (%)
Table 1 Relative density (mean±SE) of weeds in film-mulched and conventional rice fields(%)
调查次数 Sampling times 杂草种类 Weed species | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
地膜 Film-mulched | 常规Conventional | 地膜 Film-mulched | 常规Conventional | 地膜 Film-mulched | 常规Conventional | 地膜 Film-mulched | 常规 Conventional | ||||
马唐 Digitaria sanguinalis | 30.46±2.34 | - | 20.52±4.30a | 2.73±1.17b | 18.01±3.58 | - | 9.49±3.29a | 0.05±0.03b | |||
千金子 Leptochloa chinensis | 3.14±1.21a | 0.27±0.19b | 2.11±0.52a | 0.35±0.31b | 2.20±1.91a | 0.97±1.08a | 0.71±0.42a | 0.30±0.08a | |||
稗草 Echinochloa crusgalli | 7.48±3.25a | 7.60±3.72a | 0.99±1.02b | 2.05±1.13b | 0.87±1.41a | 1.73±0.80a | 1.46±1.15a | 1.66±0.56a | |||
拟金茅 Eulaliopsis binata | - | - | - | 0.41±0.38 | - | 0.66±0.36 | 4.18±1.59a | 1.03±0.26b | |||
水莎草 Juncellus serotinus | 17.22±3.76a | 2.63±0.88b | 5.96±1.60a | 0.99±0.09b | 17.92±7.51a | 0.98±0.84b | 23.97±7.63a | 0.85±0.41b | |||
异型莎草 Cyperus difformis | 27.10±6.43b | 49.26±9.88a | 17.26±5.35b | 10.29±5.79b | 18.01±5.93a | 21.13±4.43a | 16.07±4.34a | 3.60±0.60b | |||
猪殃殃 Galium aparine | 0.34±0.33b | 2.22±0.75a | 3.31±2.51b | 16.23±3.57a | 9.07±3.01b | 18.01±2.80a | 20.27±3.69a | 2.10±1.01b | |||
陌上菜 Lindernia procumbens | - | 8.12±4.02 | 0.11±0.27 | - | 2.43±2.08a | 0.86±0.69a | 1.39±0.78b | 21.07±6.01a | |||
节节菜 Rotala indica | 8.43±1.84a | 1.51±0.64b | 1.08±0.62b | 2.32±1.09a | 4.50±1.22b | 19.40±2.79a | 3.41±1.04a | 2.21±0.58b | |||
丁香蓼 Ludwigia prostrata | 4.25±1.43b | 16.10±3.55a | 7.09±3.24a | 9.05±1.61a | 5.37±2.47a | 7.31±1.67a | 6.34±1.00a | 5.01±1.67a | |||
酢浆草 Oxalis corniculata | - | 12.07±0.42 | 40.07±6.57a | 45.59±6.42a | 21.36±2.75a | 20.14±4.06 | 11.91±2.51a | 1.53±0.67b | |||
马齿苋 Portulaca oleracea | - | - | - | 6.28±1.90 | - | 5.74±1.80 | 0.20±0.49b | 7.88±1.64a | |||
鸭舌草 Monochoria vaginalis | - | - | - | 4.01±208 | - | 2.62±1.06 | - | 0.67±0.27 | |||
四叶萍 Marsilea quadrifolia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 51.12±7.91 |
图1 地膜稻田和常规栽培稻田杂草群落总密度。图中不同小写字母表示差异显著( P < 0.05)。
Fig.1 Total density of weed community in film-mulched and conventional rice fields. Different letters indicate a significant difference at 0.05 level.
图2 地膜稻田和常规栽培稻田杂草优势种密度的比较。(■)地膜覆盖, (□)常规; 不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Fig. 2 Density comparison of dominant weed species between film-mulched and conventional rice fields. Different letters indicate a significant difference at 0.05 level. (■) Film-mulched; (□) Conventional.
调查次数 Sampling times | Shannon-Wiener 指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H) | Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (E) | Margalef丰富度指数 Margalef richness index (M) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
地膜 Film-mulched | 常规Conventional | 地膜 Film-mulched | 常规 Conventional | 地膜 Film-mulched | 常规 Conventional | |||
1 | 2.30 ± 1.17 a | 1.95 ± 0.41 a | 0.87 ± 0.01 a | 0.65 ± 0.11 b | 1.17 ± 0.20 a | 1.15 ± 0.19 a | ||
2 | 2.27 ± 0.17 a | 2.45 ± 0.45 a | 0.78 ± 0.03 a | 0.72 ± 0.02 b | 1.32 ± 0.16 b | 1.54 ± 0.19 a | ||
3 | 2.71 ± 0.15 a | 2.79 ± 0.08 a | 0.86 ± 0.03 a | 0.79 ± 0.02 b | 1.68 ± 0.21 a | 1.71 ± 0.10 a | ||
4 | 2.74 ± 0.23 a | 2.23 ± 0.18 b | 0.82 ± 0.07 a | 0.58 ± 0.05 b | 1.85 ± 0.12 a | 1.81 ± 0.17 a |
表2 地膜稻田和常规栽培稻田杂草群落多样性指数(平均值±标准差)
Table 2 Biodiversity indices (mean±SE) of weed communities in film-mulched and conventional rice fields
调查次数 Sampling times | Shannon-Wiener 指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H) | Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (E) | Margalef丰富度指数 Margalef richness index (M) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
地膜 Film-mulched | 常规Conventional | 地膜 Film-mulched | 常规 Conventional | 地膜 Film-mulched | 常规 Conventional | |||
1 | 2.30 ± 1.17 a | 1.95 ± 0.41 a | 0.87 ± 0.01 a | 0.65 ± 0.11 b | 1.17 ± 0.20 a | 1.15 ± 0.19 a | ||
2 | 2.27 ± 0.17 a | 2.45 ± 0.45 a | 0.78 ± 0.03 a | 0.72 ± 0.02 b | 1.32 ± 0.16 b | 1.54 ± 0.19 a | ||
3 | 2.71 ± 0.15 a | 2.79 ± 0.08 a | 0.86 ± 0.03 a | 0.79 ± 0.02 b | 1.68 ± 0.21 a | 1.71 ± 0.10 a | ||
4 | 2.74 ± 0.23 a | 2.23 ± 0.18 b | 0.82 ± 0.07 a | 0.58 ± 0.05 b | 1.85 ± 0.12 a | 1.81 ± 0.17 a |
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