基于压力-状态-响应模型的辽宁省长海海域海洋生物多样性评价

doi:10.17520/biods.2015159

生物多样性 ›› 2016, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (1): 48-54. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015159

所属专题：生物入侵

• 研究报告: 生态系统多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

基于压力-状态-响应模型的辽宁省长海海域海洋生物多样性评价

黄备^1,^2,^*(), 魏娜¹, 孟伟杰¹, 张明霞³

1 (浙江省舟山海洋生态环境监测站, 浙江舟山 316021)
2 (海洋生态系统监测与评价联合实验室, 浙江舟山 316021)
3 (辽宁省大连长海县环境监测站, 辽宁长海 116500);① 吕文利 (2014) 长三角城市群城市生态安全评价与比较研究. 硕士学位论文, 华东师范大学环境与资源学院, 上海.② 孙龙启 (2014) 广西近海生态系统健康评价. 硕士学位论文, 厦门大学, 厦门.

收稿日期:2015-06-09 接受日期:2015-09-27 出版日期:2016-01-20 发布日期:2016-06-12
通讯作者: 黄备
基金资助:
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(41206186)、浙江省科技厅公益重点项目(2014C23002)和浙江省环保厅科研项目(2012A033和2013A020)

Marine biodiversity evaluation based on the pressure-state-response (PSR) model of Changhai County, Liaoning Province

Bei Huang^1,^2,^*(), Na Wei¹, Weijie Meng¹, Mingxia Zhang³

1 Zhoushan Marine Ecological Environment Monitoring Station, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316021
2 Joint Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Monitoring and Health Assessment, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316021
3 Environment Monitoring Station of Changhai County, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, Changhai, Liaoning 116500

Received:2015-06-09 Accepted:2015-09-27 Online:2016-01-20 Published:2016-06-12
Contact: Huang Bei

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了准确评价我国北方沿海地区生物多样性状况, 研究社会经济发展对生物多样性的影响, 我们选择辽宁省长海县开展研究。长海县是中国唯一的海岛边境县, 也是我国北方著名的渔业县, 捕捞、海水养殖为长海县的支柱产业, 境内海洋生物资源丰富。我们收集和监测2004-2013年间长海县的社会经济、生态环境和环境保护等数据, 以压力-状态-响应框架模型(PSR框架模型)为基础, 筛选出19项指标组成长海县海洋生物多样性评价指标体系。运用层次分析法确定各指标的权重, 并计算海洋生物多样性指数, 结果发现: 2004年海洋生物多样性指数为历年最大, 达0.660, 评价等级为良; 2013年为历年最小, 只有0.471, 评价等级为中。2004-2007年的海洋生物多样性状况要好于2008-2013年。分析其中的压力、状态和响应指标的变化, 发现构成压力指标的工业废水排放量、固定资产投资额、外来物种养殖产量、旅游人数和海上货运量等诸多指标的归一化值多年来均呈明显的下降趋势, 说明生物多样性压力呈加大的趋势, 对长海县的生物多样性状态存在潜在的影响。

关键词: 压力-状态-响应模型, 海洋生物多样性指数, 长海县

Abstract

Abstract: Biodiversity is the basis for survival and development of human society and it affects various aspects of modern life. In order to assess the marine biodiversity status in coastal areas of northern China, and to study the impacts of socio-economic development on the local marine biodiversity, we conducted a trial study in Changhai County. Changhai is the only island county in the China, which is also rich in various biological resources. As a famous northern fishery county, the primary industries in Changhai are marine fisheries and aquaculture. We collected data on social economic development, the ecological environment, and environmental protection in Changhai County during 2004-2013. We selected 19 indicators to build the marine biodiversity assessment framework based on the pressure-state-response (PSR) model, determined the weight values using the Analytical Hierarchy Process approach, and calculated the Marine Biodiversity Index. The results showed that the Marine Biodiversity Index reached a maximum value of 0.660 and thus matched to level “Good” in 2004, and then declined to 0.471 and to level “Medium” in 2013. During the investigated period, the state of marine biodiversity in 2004-2007 was better than that in 2008-2013. Changes in pressure, state, and response indices revealed that the trends of weighted scores of several pressure indicators, such as the discharge of industrial waste water, fixed asset investment, aquaculture of non-indigenous species, number of tourists, and port cargo all showed an obvious decreasing tendency, which suggest growing pressures on marine biodiversity, and potential impacts on biodiversity in Changhai.

Key words: PSR model, Marine Biodiversity Index, Changhai County

黄备, 魏娜, 孟伟杰, 张明霞 (2016) 基于压力-状态-响应模型的辽宁省长海海域海洋生物多样性评价. 生物多样性, 24, 48-54. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015159.

Bei Huang, Na Wei, Weijie Meng, Mingxia Zhang (2016) Marine biodiversity evaluation based on the pressure-state-response (PSR) model of Changhai County, Liaoning Province. Biodiversity Science, 24, 48-54. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015159.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2015159

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2016/V24/I1/48

图/表 4

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站位号 Station no.	经度 Longitude (E)	纬度 Latitude (N)
D1	122°38°30?	39°15°45?
D3	122°35°05?	39°16°00?
D4	122°35°38?	39°16°55?
D5	122°34°20?	39°16°05?
X1	122°40°43?	39°13°50?
X2	122°41°30?	39°13°50?
LN043	122°45°10?	39°13°20?
LN046	122°38°30?	39°15°10?
LN071	122°34°24?	39°16°05?

站位号 Station no.	经度 Longitude (E)	纬度 Latitude (N)
D1	122°38°30?	39°15°45?
D3	122°35°05?	39°16°00?
D4	122°35°38?	39°16°55?
D5	122°34°20?	39°16°05?
X1	122°40°43?	39°13°50?
X2	122°41°30?	39°13°50?
LN043	122°45°10?	39°13°20?
LN046	122°38°30?	39°15°10?
LN071	122°34°24?	39°16°05?

项目 Item	采样器具 Sampling instrument	分析方法 Analysis method	方法来源 Method source	分析仪器 Analytical instrument
海水悬浮物	GO-FLOW采水器	重量法	GB17378.4-2007	电子天平
Suspended solid	GO-FLOW bottle	Weight method		Electronic balance
溶解氧	GO-FLOW采水器	碘量法	GB17378.4-2007	Brand 滴定分析仪
Dissolve oxygen	GO-FLOW bottle	Iodimetry		Brand automatic titrator
化学需氧量	GO-FLOW采水器	碱性高锰酸钾法	GB17378.4-2007	Vitlab 滴定分析仪
Chemical oxygen demand	GO-FLOW bottle	Basicity KMnO₄		Vitlab automatic titrator
活性磷酸盐	GO-FLOW采水器	流动注射比色法	EPA 365.5-1997	Quaatro流动分析仪
Active phosphate	GO-FLOW bottle	Flow injection colorimetric method		Quaatro flow analyzer
无机氮	GO-FLOW采水器	流动注射比色法	EPA 349.0-1997	Quaatro流动分析仪
Dissolved inorganic nitrogen	GO-FLOW bottle	Flow injection colorimetric method		Quaatro flow analyzer
海水石油类	GO-FLOW采水器	荧光分光光度法	GB17378.4-2007	F230分光光度计
Seawater oil	GO-FLOW bottle	Fluorospectrophotometry		F230 spectrophotometer
浮游植物	Ⅲ型浮游植物网	镜检	GB17378.7-2007	Leica DM4000B显微镜
Phytoplankton	Plankton net Ⅲ	Microscopic exam		Leica DM4000B microscopy
底栖生物	静力式采泥器	镜检	GB17378.7-2007	Nikon-SMZ1500解剖镜
Benthos	Van Veen grab sampler	Microscopic exam		Nikon-SMZ1500 anatomical lens

项目 Item	采样器具 Sampling instrument	分析方法 Analysis method	方法来源 Method source	分析仪器 Analytical instrument
海水悬浮物	GO-FLOW采水器	重量法	GB17378.4-2007	电子天平
Suspended solid	GO-FLOW bottle	Weight method		Electronic balance
溶解氧	GO-FLOW采水器	碘量法	GB17378.4-2007	Brand 滴定分析仪
Dissolve oxygen	GO-FLOW bottle	Iodimetry		Brand automatic titrator
化学需氧量	GO-FLOW采水器	碱性高锰酸钾法	GB17378.4-2007	Vitlab 滴定分析仪
Chemical oxygen demand	GO-FLOW bottle	Basicity KMnO₄		Vitlab automatic titrator
活性磷酸盐	GO-FLOW采水器	流动注射比色法	EPA 365.5-1997	Quaatro流动分析仪
Active phosphate	GO-FLOW bottle	Flow injection colorimetric method		Quaatro flow analyzer
无机氮	GO-FLOW采水器	流动注射比色法	EPA 349.0-1997	Quaatro流动分析仪
Dissolved inorganic nitrogen	GO-FLOW bottle	Flow injection colorimetric method		Quaatro flow analyzer
海水石油类	GO-FLOW采水器	荧光分光光度法	GB17378.4-2007	F230分光光度计
Seawater oil	GO-FLOW bottle	Fluorospectrophotometry		F230 spectrophotometer
浮游植物	Ⅲ型浮游植物网	镜检	GB17378.7-2007	Leica DM4000B显微镜
Phytoplankton	Plankton net Ⅲ	Microscopic exam		Leica DM4000B microscopy
底栖生物	静力式采泥器	镜检	GB17378.7-2007	Nikon-SMZ1500解剖镜
Benthos	Van Veen grab sampler	Microscopic exam		Nikon-SMZ1500 anatomical lens

	压力 Pressure	状态 State	响应 Response	权重 Weight
人口密度 Population density	0.1402			0.0467
固定资产投资额 Fixed asset investment	0.0935			0.0312
外来物种养殖产量 Aquaculture of non-indigenous species	0.0935			0.0312
化肥使用量 Usage of fertilizer	0.0561			0.0187
工业废水排放量 Discharge of industrial waste water	0.0561			0.0187
旅游人数 Number of tourists	0.2804			0.0935
海上货运量 Port cargo	0.2804			0.0935
活性磷酸盐 Active phosphate		0.1533		0.0767
无机氮 Dissovled inorganic nitrogen		0.1533		0.0767
溶解氧 Dissolve oxygen		0.1533		0.0767
化学需氧量 Chemical oxygen demand		0.1533		0.0767
石油类 Oil		0.075		0.0375
悬浮物 Suspended solid		0.1533		0.0767
浮游植物种类 Phytoplankton species		0.0383		0.0192
浮游植物密度 Phytoplankton abundance		0.0511		0.0256
底栖生物种类 Benthos species		0.0307		0.0154
底栖生物密度 Benthos density		0.0383		0.0192
固废利用率 Percentage of solid waste utilized			0.5	0.0834
海洋保护区面积占有率 Percentage of marine protected area			0.5	0.0834

基于压力-状态-响应模型的辽宁省长海海域海洋生物多样性评价

Marine biodiversity evaluation based on the pressure-state-response (PSR) model of Changhai County, Liaoning Province

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指标 Index	2013	2012	2011	2010	2009	2008	2007	2006	2005	2004
压力 Pressure
固定资产投资额 Fixed asset investment	0	0.0042	0.0204	0.0226	0.0241	0.0256	0.0281	0.0287	0.0306	0.0312
工业废水排放量 Discharge of industrial waste water	0.0174	0.0014	0.0017	0.0000	0.0000	0.0015	0.0036	0.0064	0.0187	0.0187
人口密度 Population density	0.0422	0.0422	0.0422	0.0421	0.0420	0.0420	0.0420	0.0419	0.0419	0.0394
化肥使用量 Usage of fertilizer	0.0079	0.0076	0.0154	0	0.0059	0.0106	0.0148	0.0151	0.0169	0.0187
外来物种养殖产量 Aquaculture of non- indigenous species	0	0.0050	0.0127	0.0168	0.0184	0.0241	0.0265	0.0263	0.0311	0.0311
旅游人数 Number of tourists	0	0.0131	0.0274	0.0388	0.0498	0.0599	0.0593	0.0764	0.0843	0.0935
海上货运量 Port cargo	0.0043	0	0.0016	0.0089	0.0162	0.0110	0.0611	0.0611	0.0788	0.0935
小计 Sum	0.0718	0.0736	0.1212	0.1291	0.1564	0.1747	0.2354	0.2560	0.3023	0.3259
状态 State
海水溶解无机氮 Seawater dissolved inorganic nitrogen	0.0501	0.0457	0.0399	0.0383	0.0388	0.0445	0.0396	0.0358	0.0330	0.0347
海水活性磷酸盐 Seawater active phosphate	0.0690	0.0715	0.0588	0.0485	0.0562	0.0639	0.0639	0.0613	0.0613	0.0690
海水悬浮物浓度 Seawater suspended solid	0.0765	0.0756	0.0750	0.0741	0.0739	0.0741	0.0739	0.0745	0.0747	0.0739
溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen	0.0204	0.0026	0.0102	0	0.0281	0.0307	0.0256	0.0256	0.0179	0.0153
化学需氧量 Chemical oxygen demand	0.0485	0.0562	0.0460	0.0485	0.0485	0.0460	0.0511	0.0562	0.0562	0.0460
海水石油类 Seawater oil	0.0349	0.0348	0.0356	0.0353	0.0353	0.0356	0.0354	0.0359	0.0365	0.0358
浮游植物种类数 Phytoplankton species	0.0115	0	0.0192	0	0.0192	0.0192	0.0192	0.0192	0.0192	0.0153
浮游植物密度 Phytoplankton abundance	0	0.0016	0.0256	0.0249	0.0138	0.0138	0.0138	0.0138	0.0138	0.0172
底栖生物种类数 Benthos species	0	0.0154	0.0092	0.0092	0.0092	0.0092	0.0092	0.0092	0.0092	0.0092
底栖生物密度 Benthos density	0	0.0192	0.0128	0.0106	0.0106	0.0106	0.0106	0.0106	0.0106	0.0106
小计 Sum	0.3109	0.3225	0.3321	0.2896	0.3337	0.3475	0.3423	0.3420	0.3324	0.3271
响应 Response
工业固废综合利用率 Percentage of solid waste utilized	0.0834	0.0710	0.0636	0.0720	0.0691	0.0715	0.0583	0.0267	0.0136	0.0022
海洋保护区面积占有率 Percentage of marine protected area	0.0045	0.0045	0.0045	0.0045	0.0045	0.0045	0.0045	0.0045	0.0045	0.0045
小计 Sum	0.0879	0.0755	0.0681	0.0765	0.0736	0.0760	0.0628	0.0312	0.0181	0.0067
海洋生物多样性指数 MBDI	0.4706	0.4716	0.5214	0.4951	0.5637	0.5982	0.6404	0.6292	0.6529	0.6597
等级 Grade	中 Medium	中Medium	中Medium	中Medium	中Medium	中Medium	良 Good	良 Good	良 Good	良 Good