生物多样性 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 107-116. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019297
所属专题: 青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全
• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 下一篇
收稿日期:
2019-09-23
接受日期:
2019-11-29
出版日期:
2020-02-20
发布日期:
2020-04-02
通讯作者:
刘旻霞
基金资助:
Liu Minxia(),Li Quandi,Jiang Xiaoxuan,Xia Sujuan,Nan Xiaoning,Zhang Yaya,Li Bowen
Received:
2019-09-23
Accepted:
2019-11-29
Online:
2020-02-20
Published:
2020-04-02
Contact:
Liu Minxia
摘要:
稀有种不仅影响群落的物种多度分布格局, 同时也是α多样性的重要贡献者。本研究主要通过加性分配和Fortran软件的RAD程序包拟合的方法, 研究了甘南亚高寒草甸不同坡向物种多样性及多度分布格局的变化, 分析了物种多度分布格局及其α多样性的变化特征, 确定了稀有种在物种多度分布格局中的相对贡献。结果表明: (1)在南坡到北坡的变化中, 环境因子差异比较明显, 其中, 土壤全磷、有机碳、速效磷、碳氮比及含水量呈递增趋势; 土壤氮磷比和pH值呈递减趋势; 土壤全氮在西坡显著低于其他坡向, 而速效氮在所有坡向上差异不显著。(2)稀有种对群落物种多样性的影响在南-北坡向梯度上依次增大, 去除稀有种的影响在各坡向均高于去除非稀有种, 可见, 稀有种在甘南亚高寒草甸物种多样性中的相对贡献高于非稀有种。(3)各坡向的稀有种资源获取模式以随机分配占领模式(random fraction模型)为主, 而非稀有种则以生态位优先占领模式(geometric series模型)为主。由于稀有种有较大的扩散率, 在物种多样性较高的生态系统中, 物种之间的生态位重叠会更加明显, 从而抑制物种多样性的增加, 因此能达到维持原有物种多样性的目的。
刘旻霞, 李全弟, 蒋晓轩, 夏素娟, 南笑宁, 张娅娅, 李博文 (2020) 甘南亚高寒草甸稀有种对物种多样性和物种多度分布格局的贡献. 生物多样性, 28, 107-116. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019297.
Liu Minxia, Li Quandi, Jiang Xiaoxuan, Xia Sujuan, Nan Xiaoning, Zhang Yaya, Li Bowen (2020) Contribution of rare species to species diversity and species abundance distribution pattern in the Gannan subalpine meadow. Biodiversity Science, 28, 107-116. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019297.
坡向 Aspect | 纬度 Latitude | 经度 Longitude | 坡度 Slope (°) | 海拔 Altitude (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|
南坡 South (S) | 34°58° N | 102°51° E | 28.5 ± 1.7a | 3,001 |
西南坡 Southwest (SW) | 34°58° N | 102°51° E | 29.0 ± 2.1a | 3,009 |
西坡 West (W) | 34°58° N | 102°51° E | 29.5 ± 2.1b | 3,006 |
西北坡 Northwest (NW) | 34°58° N | 102°51° E | 22 ± 2.9c | 3,001 |
北坡 North (N) | 34°58° N | 102°51° E | 27.5 ± 3.3c | 3,000 |
表1 实验样地概况
Table 1 Overview of the experimental sample area
坡向 Aspect | 纬度 Latitude | 经度 Longitude | 坡度 Slope (°) | 海拔 Altitude (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|
南坡 South (S) | 34°58° N | 102°51° E | 28.5 ± 1.7a | 3,001 |
西南坡 Southwest (SW) | 34°58° N | 102°51° E | 29.0 ± 2.1a | 3,009 |
西坡 West (W) | 34°58° N | 102°51° E | 29.5 ± 2.1b | 3,006 |
西北坡 Northwest (NW) | 34°58° N | 102°51° E | 22 ± 2.9c | 3,001 |
北坡 North (N) | 34°58° N | 102°51° E | 27.5 ± 3.3c | 3,000 |
图1 甘南亚高寒草甸不同坡向土壤环境因子的变化(平均值 ± 标准差)。S: 南坡; SW: 西南坡; W: 西坡; NW: 西北坡; N: 北坡。不同小写字母代表有显著性差异。
Fig. 1 Soil environmental factors at different slope aspects in the Gannan subalpine meadow (mean ± SD). S, South; SW, Southwest; W, West; NW, Northwest; N, North. Different lowercase letters represent significant differences.
图2 甘南亚高寒草甸不同坡向物种多样性指数的变化(平均值 ± 标准差)。S: 南坡; SW: 西南坡; W: 西坡; NW: 西北坡; N: 北坡。不同小写字母代表有显著性差异。
Fig. 2 Species diversity indices at different slope aspects in the Gannan subalpine meadow (mean ± SD). S, South; SW, Southwest; W, West; NW, Northwest; N, North. Different lowercase letters represent significant differences.
图3 甘南亚高寒草甸不同坡向稀有种和非稀有种对物种多样性的影响(平均值 ± 标准差)。S: 南坡; SW: 西南坡; W: 西坡; NW: 西北坡; N: 北坡。
Fig. 3 Effects of rare species and non-rare species on species diversity at different slope aspects in the Gannan subalpine meadow (mean ± SD). S, South; SW, Southwest; W, West; NW, Northwest; N, North.
坡向 Aspect | 拟合结果 Test result | 非稀有种 Non-rare species | 稀有种 Rare species | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
geo. | lser. | bro. | over. | rane. | geo. | lser. | bro. | over. | rane. | |||
南坡 South | R | 12.76 | 1.82 | 3.15 | - | 12.76 | 8.16 | 2.05 | 12.25 | - | 4.09 | |
Oc | 0.80 | 0.80 | 1.15 | - | 0.00 | 0.60 | 0.80 | 2.48 | - | 1.00 | ||
CL | 0.95 | 0.86 | 0.80 | - | 0.02 | 0.65 | 0.03 | 0.80 | - | 0.98 | ||
西南坡 Southwest | R | 54.85 | 10.89 | 5.85 | 6.07 | 91.27 | 44.10 | 220.37 | 26.85 | 28.96 | 41.14 | |
Oc | 4.66 | 0.12 | 5.62 | 2.81 | 6.22 | 11.64 | 6.64 | 7.67 | 11.51 | 11.64 | ||
CL | 1.00 | 0.85 | 0.875 | 0.81 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.44 | 0.66 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
西坡 West | R | 18.14 | 389.42 | 53.30 | 43.98 | 20.34 | 13.31 | 380.92 | 421.50 | 747.82 | 248.02 | |
Oc | 1.74 | 38.34 | 16.05 | 20.39 | 1.74 | 14.28 | 161.91 | 106.40 | 359.64 | 550.49 | ||
CL | 1.00 | 0.40 | 0.80 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.53 | 0.17 | 0.88 | 0.00 | 0.085 | ||
西北坡 Northwest | R | 42.42 | 156.01 | 32.16 | 36.91 | 45.74 | 154.73 | 154.72 | 106.31 | 235.95 | 22.59 | |
Oc | 4.30 | 17.57 | 15.14 | 14.29 | 4.39 | 60.32 | 34.02 | 34.03 | 106.63 | 4.00 | ||
CL | 1.00 | 0.25 | 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.21 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.00 | 1.00 | ||
北坡 North | R | 39.88 | 303.2 | 72.83 | 75.73 | 49.43 | 27.50 | 161.06 | 161.62 | 246.23 | 6.33 | |
Oc | 11.37 | 37.36 | 23.43 | 17.12 | 11.37 | 8.47 | 60.69 | 60.69 | 19.75 | 4.23 | ||
CL | 1.00 | 0.50 | 0.83 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.86 | 0.98 |
表2 甘南亚高寒草甸不同坡向稀有种和非稀有种的模型拟合
Table 2 Model fitting of rare species and non-rare species at different slope aspect in the Gannan subalpine meadow
坡向 Aspect | 拟合结果 Test result | 非稀有种 Non-rare species | 稀有种 Rare species | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
geo. | lser. | bro. | over. | rane. | geo. | lser. | bro. | over. | rane. | |||
南坡 South | R | 12.76 | 1.82 | 3.15 | - | 12.76 | 8.16 | 2.05 | 12.25 | - | 4.09 | |
Oc | 0.80 | 0.80 | 1.15 | - | 0.00 | 0.60 | 0.80 | 2.48 | - | 1.00 | ||
CL | 0.95 | 0.86 | 0.80 | - | 0.02 | 0.65 | 0.03 | 0.80 | - | 0.98 | ||
西南坡 Southwest | R | 54.85 | 10.89 | 5.85 | 6.07 | 91.27 | 44.10 | 220.37 | 26.85 | 28.96 | 41.14 | |
Oc | 4.66 | 0.12 | 5.62 | 2.81 | 6.22 | 11.64 | 6.64 | 7.67 | 11.51 | 11.64 | ||
CL | 1.00 | 0.85 | 0.875 | 0.81 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.44 | 0.66 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
西坡 West | R | 18.14 | 389.42 | 53.30 | 43.98 | 20.34 | 13.31 | 380.92 | 421.50 | 747.82 | 248.02 | |
Oc | 1.74 | 38.34 | 16.05 | 20.39 | 1.74 | 14.28 | 161.91 | 106.40 | 359.64 | 550.49 | ||
CL | 1.00 | 0.40 | 0.80 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.53 | 0.17 | 0.88 | 0.00 | 0.085 | ||
西北坡 Northwest | R | 42.42 | 156.01 | 32.16 | 36.91 | 45.74 | 154.73 | 154.72 | 106.31 | 235.95 | 22.59 | |
Oc | 4.30 | 17.57 | 15.14 | 14.29 | 4.39 | 60.32 | 34.02 | 34.03 | 106.63 | 4.00 | ||
CL | 1.00 | 0.25 | 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.21 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.00 | 1.00 | ||
北坡 North | R | 39.88 | 303.2 | 72.83 | 75.73 | 49.43 | 27.50 | 161.06 | 161.62 | 246.23 | 6.33 | |
Oc | 11.37 | 37.36 | 23.43 | 17.12 | 11.37 | 8.47 | 60.69 | 60.69 | 19.75 | 4.23 | ||
CL | 1.00 | 0.50 | 0.83 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.86 | 0.98 |
图4 甘南亚高寒草甸不同坡向基于几何级数模型分别对稀有种(a)和非稀有种(b)的拟合。S: 南坡; SW: 西南坡; W: 西坡; NW: 西北坡; N: 北坡。
Fig. 4 Comparison of rare species (a) and non-rare species (b) based on geometric series fitting values at different slope aspects in the Gannan subalpine meadow. S, South; SW, Southwest; W, West; NW, Northwest; N, North.
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