Characteristics of plant community diversity in a subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Central Yunnan Plateau

doi:10.17520/biods.2023238

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: The forest dynamics plots have been used as an effective platform to study the mechanism of biodiversity maintenance and community assembly. The semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest (SHEBF) is the zonal vegetation in the Central Yunnan Plateau. Because of the long-term influence of human activities and natural disturbance such as wildfires, the original SHEBF communities have been mostly destroyed, and replaced by secondary vegetation types. The extreme shrinkage of this zonal vegetation has raised increasing concern of conservation. Based on three forest dynamics plots we established in the Central Yunnan Plateau, we aim to explore the general characteristics of SHBEF in its floristic composition, community structure and diversity

Methods: According to the Center for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS) standards at the Smithson Institute for Tropical Research, we established three forest dynamics plots (10 ha (500 m × 200 m), 8.24 ha (one subplot with 260 m × 240 m and two subplots with 100 m × 100 m), and 20.16 ha (720 m × 280 m)) as the data collection source of SHEBF from the following three areas: Zhujiangyuan (ZJY) in Qujing City, Diaoling Mountains (DLS) in Chuxiong City, and Jizu Mountains (JZS) in Dali City, respectively. The community data of the three forest dynamics plots were obtained using a portable backpack LiDAR and a laser rangefinder. We implemented floristic analysis, community classification, and community structure analysis for the communities in the plots.

Results (1) A total of 619 species of vascular plants belonging to 120 families and 355 genera were found in the three plots, including 70 families, 120 genera, 157 species in the ZJY plot, 92 families, 224 genera, 319 species in DLS plot, 100 families, 255 genera, 353 species in JZS plot. (2) A total of 103,951 woody individuals with DBH ≥ 1 cm were found in the three plots, including 24,932 individuals in the ZJY plot, 25,222 individuals in the DLS plot, 53,797 individuals in the JZS plot, with densities of 2,493, 3,061, and 2,690 ind./ha, respectively. (3) The proportion of temperate floras at the genus and species levels of all vascular plants in three plots was 51.3% and 24.7%, and the proportion of endemic species in plots was 33.0%. (4) The plant communities in plots were divided into eight alliances, Castanopsis orthacantha alliance, C. delavayi alliance, Lithocarpus craibianus alliance, L. dealbatus alliance, Pinus yunnanensis alliance, Cyclobalanopsis delavayi alliance, L. mairei alliance and Quercus senescens alliance; the DLS plot had the highest alliances diversity and ZJY plot the least. (5) The DBH class structure of tree species in the JZS plot and DLS plot were inverted “J” type, and unimodal in ZJY plot. The community data indicated that an intensive fire disturbance covered a part of the JZS plot 80-100 years ago, and a light-to-moderate disturbance swept across the DLS plot 50-80 years ago, and a stand replacing fire occurred the ZJY plot 36 years ago.

Conclusion: This study laid a foundation for long-term systematic monitoring of the SHEBF community based on the forest dynamics plots while providing a theoretical basis for the diversity protection of this vegetation type and the sustainable forest management.

Key words: Central Yunnan Plateau, semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest, forest dynamics plot, species composition, community classification

Tao Yang, Zehao Shen, Xiaofeng Wang, Jiesheng Rao, Wencong Liu, Xi Tian, Xi Chen, Qiuyu Zhang, Qian Liu, Hengjun Qian, Yuyang Xie, Qiming Liu, Yanxiao Xu, Mengling Tu, Ziming Shan, Yukun Zhang, Bo Hou, Jianbin Li, Xiaokun Ou. Characteristics of plant community diversity in a subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Central Yunnan Plateau[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2023, 31(11): 23238.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2023238

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2023/V31/I11/23238

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1 Plot distribution map of forest dynamics plot group in a semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Central Yunnan Plateau (a) and column distribution map of mean monthly precipitation and broken line map of mean monthly temperature (1989-2019) (b) (data source: https://www.climatologylab.org/terraclimate.html). ZJY, Zhujiangyuan; DLS, Diaoling Mountains; JZS, Jizu Mountains.

Fig. 2 Various 5 m contour maps in each plot of forest dynamics plot group in a semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Central Yunnan Plateau based on portable backpack LiDAR (Libackpack DGC50, accuracy 0.2 m) scan and plots vertical images by unmanned aerial vehicle. ZJY, Zhujiangyuan; DLS, Diaoling Mountains; JZS, Jizu Mountains.

Table 1 Statistic table of individual number and density of woody plants with DBH ≥ 1 cm in each plot of forest dynamics plot group in a semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Central Yunnan Plateau

样地 Plot	科数 No. of family	属数 No. of genus	种数 No. of species	独立个体数 No. of individuals	个体密度 Individual density (ind./ha)
珠江源 Zhujiangyuan (ZJY)	24	39	51	24,932	2,493.20
雕翎山 Diaoling Mountains (DLS)	39	69	99	25,222	3,060.92
鸡足山 Jizu Mountains (JZS)	41	77	103	53,797	2,689.85
合计 Total	49	104	175	103,951	-

Fig. 3 Species-area curve (a) and rank-abundance curve (b) of woody plants with DBH ≥ 1 cm in each plot of forest dynamics plot group in a semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Central Yunnan Plateau. ZJY, Zhujiangyuan; DLS, Diaoling Mountains; JZS, Jizu Mountains.

Table 2 Floristic composition of all genera and species of vascular plants in forest dynamics plot group in a semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Central Yunnan Plateau

分布区类型 Areal types	属数 No. of genus (%)	种数 No. of species (%)
1. 世界广布 Widespread	44 (12.4)	41 (6.6)
2. 泛热带 Pantropic	50 (14.1)	28 (4.5)
3. 东亚及热带美洲间断 East Asia & Tropical America disjunced	8 (2.3)	5 (0.8)
4. 旧世界热带 Old World Tropical	18 (5.1)	8 (1.3)
5. 热带亚洲至热带大洋洲 Tropical Asia to Tropical Australasia Oceania	11 (3.1)	12 (1.9)
6. 热带亚洲至热带非洲 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa	14 (3.9)	15 (2.4)
7. 热带亚洲 Tropical Asia	23 (6.5)	153 (24.7)
热带小计 Tropical subtotal (2-7)	124 (34.9)	221 (35.7)
8. 北温带 North Temperate	78 (22.0)	24 (3.9)
9. 东亚及北美间断 East Asia & North America disjuncted	22 (6.2)	9 (1.5)
10. 旧世界温带 Old World Temperate	25 (7.0)	22 (3.6)
11. 温带亚洲 Temperate Asia	5 (1.4)	15 (2.4)
12. 地中海区、西亚至中亚 Mediterranean, West to Centre Asia	11 (3.1)	5 (0.8)
13. 中亚 Centre Asia	1 (0.3)	2 (0.3)
14. 东亚 East Asia	40 (11.3)	76 (12.3)
温带小计 Temperate subtotal (8-14)	182 (51.3)	153 (24.7)
15. 中国/云南特有 Endemic to China/Yunnan	5 (1.4)	204/34 (33.0/5.5)
合计 Total	355 (100.0)	619 (100.00)

Fig. 4 Distribution map of eight alliance types of forest community in JZS plot (a), ZJY plot (b), and DLS plot (c1, c2, c3) of forest dynamics plot group in a semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Central Yunnan Plateau. ZJY, Zhujiangyuan; DLS, Diaoling Mountains; JZS, Jizu Mountains.

Fig. 5 DBH class structure of tree species in each plot of forest dynamics plot group in a semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Central Yunnan Plateau. a, Dead tree; b, Living tree. ZJY, Zhujiangyuan; DLS, Diaoling Mountains; JZS, Jizu Mountains.

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