Species and structural diversity of forest communities in Qianjiangyuan National Park and their impacts on the occurrence of black muntjac (Muntiacus crinifrons)

doi:10.17520/biods.2022518

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: The species diversity and structural diversity of forest communities are important factors influencing wildlife habitat selection. Most previous studies on habitat characteristics of vulnerable Muntiacus crinifrons have investigated the effect of forest type on the occurrence of the species, while studies examining the effect of microhabitat factors on the occurrence of the species are relatively scarce.

Methods: Based on data from 164 sites collected by infrared camera monitoring (camera-trapping) and 20 m × 20 m fixed vegetation plots in Qianjiangyuan National Park, this study investigated the characteristics of woody plant communities of four major forest types (evergreen broad-leaved forest, evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and coniferous forest) in two dimensions: species diversity (the number of different plant species in a particular area) and structural diversity (the relative degree of diversity or complexity of vegetation in a habitat area), and their relation to the presence of black muntjac.

Results: Statistical results indicated that the woody plant diversity of evergreen broad-leaved forest was significantly higher than that of coniferous forest (P < 0.05), and its structural diversity was significantly higher than that of evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, coniferous forest (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in species and structural diversity among the remaining forest types. No correlation between species and structural diversity of woody plants was found at our sample plots. The analysis of the microhabitat characteristics of black muntjac showed that the species preferred evergreen broad-leaved forest and evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest. The presence of black muntjac increased with the greater elevation and slope, which was also positively correlated with the DBH Shannon diversity of woody species and the average DBH of understory plants (woody plants with DBH < 5 cm). The higher the Shannon diversity index of woody plant diameter at breast height and the average diameter at breast height of woody plants < 5 cm, the higher the probability of black muntjac occurrence.

Conclusion: Our results show that structural diversity has a real impact on black muntjac populations. Black muntjac prefers forests with high structural diversity coupled with dense growth of individual understory vegetation at high elevation (between 800-1,000 m a.s.l.) and steep areas. Our findings have important implications for habitat restoration and management as well as corridor site selection and construction for black muntjac in Qianjiangyuan National Park.

Key words: sub-tropical forest, species diversity, structural diversity, Muntiacus crinifrons, camera-trapping

Chenyang Lou, Haibao Ren, Xiaonan Chen, Xiangcheng Mi, Ran Tong, Nianfu Zhu, Lei Chen, Tonggui Wu, Xiaoli Shen. Species and structural diversity of forest communities in Qianjiangyuan National Park and their impacts on the occurrence of black muntjac (Muntiacus crinifrons)[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2023, 31(6): 22518.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2022518

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2023/V31/I6/22518

Figures/Tables 7

References 44

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变量 Variables	变量类型 Variable type	范围/类型 Range/Content	数据来源 Data source
基本特征 Basic features
森林起源 Forest origin	分类 Categorical	原始林、次生林、人工林 Primary forest, secondary forest, planted forest	红外相机调查 Infrared camera survey
森林类型 Forest type	分类 Categorical	常绿阔叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林、针阔叶混交林、针叶林 Evergreen broad-leaved forest, evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and coniferous forest	红外相机调查 Infrared camera survey
平均树高 Mean tree height (m)	连续 Continuous	0-19.98	激光雷达 Lidar
林冠孔隙度 Gap fraction	连续 Continuous	0-0.36	激光雷达 Lidar
0-1.5 m灌木和草本层盖度 0-1.5 m shrub and herb layer coverage	连续 Continuous	0-0.25	激光雷达 Lidar
物种多样性 Species diversity
物种丰富度 Species richness	连续 Continuous	0-60	植被样方 Vegetation plot
Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index	连续 Continuous	0-1	植被样方 Vegetation plot
Shannon多样性指数 Shannon diversity index	连续 Continuous	0-3.50	植被样方 Vegetation plot
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index	连续 Continuous	0-1	植被样方 Vegetation plot
结构多样性 Structural diversity
平均胸径 Average DBH (cm)	连续 Continuous	2-12.71	植被样方 Vegetation plot
木本植物胸径总和 Sum of DBH of woody plants (cm)	连续 Continuous	166-2,612	植被样方 Vegetation plot
胸径 < 5 cm木本植物的平均胸径 Average DBH of woody plants with DBH < 5 cm (cm)	连续 Continuous	1.81-3.10	植被样方 Vegetation plot
胸径 < 5 cm木本植物的胸径总和 Sum of DBH of woody plants with DBH < 5 cm (cm)	连续 Continuous	180.1-1,248.5	植被样方 Vegetation plot
胸径变异系数 Coefficient of variation of DBH	连续 Continuous	0-1.73	植被样方 Vegetation plot
胸径Gini指数 Gini index of DBH	连续 Continuous	0-0.63	植被样方 Vegetation plot
胸径Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index of DBH	连续 Continuous	0-1	植被样方 Vegetation plot
胸径Shannon多样性指数 Shannon diversity index of DBH	连续 Continuous	0-1.49	植被样方 Vegetation plot

变量 Variables	变量类型 Variable type	范围/类型 Range/Content	数据来源 Data source
基本特征 Basic features
森林起源 Forest origin	分类 Categorical	原始林、次生林、人工林 Primary forest, secondary forest, planted forest	红外相机调查 Infrared camera survey
森林类型 Forest type	分类 Categorical	常绿阔叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林、针阔叶混交林、针叶林 Evergreen broad-leaved forest, evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and coniferous forest	红外相机调查 Infrared camera survey
平均树高 Mean tree height (m)	连续 Continuous	0-19.98	激光雷达 Lidar
林冠孔隙度 Gap fraction	连续 Continuous	0-0.36	激光雷达 Lidar
0-1.5 m灌木和草本层盖度 0-1.5 m shrub and herb layer coverage	连续 Continuous	0-0.25	激光雷达 Lidar
物种多样性 Species diversity
物种丰富度 Species richness	连续 Continuous	0-60	植被样方 Vegetation plot
Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index	连续 Continuous	0-1	植被样方 Vegetation plot
Shannon多样性指数 Shannon diversity index	连续 Continuous	0-3.50	植被样方 Vegetation plot
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index	连续 Continuous	0-1	植被样方 Vegetation plot
结构多样性 Structural diversity
平均胸径 Average DBH (cm)	连续 Continuous	2-12.71	植被样方 Vegetation plot
木本植物胸径总和 Sum of DBH of woody plants (cm)	连续 Continuous	166-2,612	植被样方 Vegetation plot
胸径 < 5 cm木本植物的平均胸径 Average DBH of woody plants with DBH < 5 cm (cm)	连续 Continuous	1.81-3.10	植被样方 Vegetation plot
胸径 < 5 cm木本植物的胸径总和 Sum of DBH of woody plants with DBH < 5 cm (cm)	连续 Continuous	180.1-1,248.5	植被样方 Vegetation plot
胸径变异系数 Coefficient of variation of DBH	连续 Continuous	0-1.73	植被样方 Vegetation plot
胸径Gini指数 Gini index of DBH	连续 Continuous	0-0.63	植被样方 Vegetation plot
胸径Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index of DBH	连续 Continuous	0-1	植被样方 Vegetation plot
胸径Shannon多样性指数 Shannon diversity index of DBH	连续 Continuous	0-1.49	植被样方 Vegetation plot

变量 Variables	系数 Coefficient (B)	标准误 SE	z统计量 z value	P值 P value	优势比 Exp(B)
常量 Constant	-4.0138	0.7456	-5.384	7.3 × 10^-8***	0.0180641
胸径 < 5 cm木本植物平均胸径 Average DBH of woody plants with DBH < 5 cm (cm)	3.0082	1.1044	2.724	0.00645^**	20.251881
海拔 Elevation (m)	3.0554	0.9311	3.282	0.00103^**	21.229880

变量 Variables	系数 Coefficient (B)	标准误 SE	z统计量 z value	P值 P value	优势比 Exp(B)
常量 Constant	-4.0138	0.7456	-5.384	7.3 × 10^-8***	0.0180641
胸径 < 5 cm木本植物平均胸径 Average DBH of woody plants with DBH < 5 cm (cm)	3.0082	1.1044	2.724	0.00645^**	20.251881
海拔 Elevation (m)	3.0554	0.9311	3.282	0.00103^**	21.229880