Diversity of butterfly communities in Gaoligong region of Yunnan

doi:10.17520/biods.2020486

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Gaoligong is located in northwest Yunnan, a mountainous biodiversity hotspot in Southwest China. In this region, insect diversity has not been systematically investigated or summarized.
Methods: We focused on investigating butterfly diversity using a 1-km transect method at different altitudes, habitats and seasons in Gaoligong region.
Results: A total of 2,055 butterflies were recorded, belonging to 5 families, 85 genera, and 151 species. Of these, 27 species were recorded for the first time, increasing the total number of recorded butterfly species in Gaoligong to 488 species. Among the five families, the Nymphalidae had the highest species diversity, followed by Lycaenidae, while Hesperiidae had the lowest. The species diversity of butterflies showed the greatest abundance and highest richness at the 1,000-2,000 m altitude. At low elevations species were concentrated, and there was little overlap of species with those at higher elevations. The species and individuals of butterflies in different habitats were also different, the diversity was higher in the nature reserve, followed by the ecotone, and was lowest in the farm area. Additionally, diversity and abundance varied seasonally, with the lowest abundance observed in spring and the lowest diversity in summer, both diversity and abundance were the highest in autumns of two years, but exhibited intra-seasonal variation. Overall, the community composition of butterflies had distinct characteristics at different altitudes, habitats and seasons, only a few species were shared between communities and the community similarity of butterflies was found to be low. The butterflies were comprehensively evaluated in Gaoligong region, including 17 vulnerable species, 50 near-threatened species, and 3 species that were listed as second class protection animals in China.
Conclusion: This study systematically identified the species of butterflies in Gaoligong region, and obtained the diversity pattern of butterfly communities within different altitudes, habitats and seasons. The results will provide the scientific basis for strengthening regional species monitoring and biodiversity conservation.

Key words: Gaoligong region, butterfly, species diversity, community structure, altitude, habitat, season

Lang Yi, Yakun Dong, Baige Miao, Yanqiong Peng. Diversity of butterfly communities in Gaoligong region of Yunnan[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(7): 950-959.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2020486

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2021/V29/I7/950

Figures/Tables 3

References 58

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科名 Family	属数 No. of genus	个体数 No. of individuals	物种丰富度 Species richness	Shannon指数 Shannon index	Simpson指数 Simpson index
粉蝶科 Pieridae	10	945	23 ± 3.39	9.03 ± 0.34	6.05 ± 0.26
凤蝶科 Papilionidae	5	129	10 ± 3.72	4.13 ± 0.52	2.57 ± 0.30
灰蝶科 Lycaenidae	29	416	44 ± 17.86	20.09 ± 1.34	13.67 ± 0.94
蛱蝶科 Nymphalidae	31	549	63 ± 12.20	26.25 ± 1.66	15.50 ± 1.06
弄蝶科 Hesperiidae	10	16	11 ± 7.79	10.04 ± 5.73	9.14 ± 6.18

科名 Family	属数 No. of genus	个体数 No. of individuals	物种丰富度 Species richness	Shannon指数 Shannon index	Simpson指数 Simpson index
粉蝶科 Pieridae	10	945	23 ± 3.39	9.03 ± 0.34	6.05 ± 0.26
凤蝶科 Papilionidae	5	129	10 ± 3.72	4.13 ± 0.52	2.57 ± 0.30
灰蝶科 Lycaenidae	29	416	44 ± 17.86	20.09 ± 1.34	13.67 ± 0.94
蛱蝶科 Nymphalidae	31	549	63 ± 12.20	26.25 ± 1.66	15.50 ± 1.06
弄蝶科 Hesperiidae	10	16	11 ± 7.79	10.04 ± 5.73	9.14 ± 6.18

因素 Factors		个体数 No. of individuals	物种丰富度 Species richness	Shannon指数 Shannon index	Simpson指数 Simpson index
海拔 Altitude (m)	< 1,000	887	63 ± 26.54	17.46 ± 1.08	8.13 ± 0.52
	1,000-2,000	1,020	106 ± 20.89	40.59 ± 1.90	21.87 ± 1.44
	> 2,000	148	38 ± 10.97	21.93 ± 2.77	14.11 ± 2.12
生境 Habitat	保护区 Reserve	375	83 ± 19.93	45.81 ± 3.37	30.07 ± 2.49
	边缘交错带 Ecotone	659	80 ± 9.68	38.44 ± 1.92	23.88 ± 1.43
	农业种植区 Farm	1,021	75 ± 30.83	22.25 ± 1.02	11.59 ± 0.73
季节 Season	2019秋季 Autumn	977	99 ± 38.64	28.00 ± 1.54	12.64 ± 0.88
	2020春季 Spring	271	49 ± 5.29	19.11 ± 1.93	8.66 ± 1.10
	2020夏季 Summer	338	42 ± 11.67	18.10 ± 1.36	10.62 ± 1.07
	2020秋季 Autumn	469	67 ± 11.62	38.16 ± 2.09	26.70 ± 1.73

因素 Factors		个体数 No. of individuals	物种丰富度 Species richness	Shannon指数 Shannon index	Simpson指数 Simpson index
海拔 Altitude (m)	< 1,000	887	63 ± 26.54	17.46 ± 1.08	8.13 ± 0.52
	1,000-2,000	1,020	106 ± 20.89	40.59 ± 1.90	21.87 ± 1.44
	> 2,000	148	38 ± 10.97	21.93 ± 2.77	14.11 ± 2.12
生境 Habitat	保护区 Reserve	375	83 ± 19.93	45.81 ± 3.37	30.07 ± 2.49
	边缘交错带 Ecotone	659	80 ± 9.68	38.44 ± 1.92	23.88 ± 1.43
	农业种植区 Farm	1,021	75 ± 30.83	22.25 ± 1.02	11.59 ± 0.73
季节 Season	2019秋季 Autumn	977	99 ± 38.64	28.00 ± 1.54	12.64 ± 0.88
	2020春季 Spring	271	49 ± 5.29	19.11 ± 1.93	8.66 ± 1.10
	2020夏季 Summer	338	42 ± 11.67	18.10 ± 1.36	10.62 ± 1.07
	2020秋季 Autumn	469	67 ± 11.62	38.16 ± 2.09	26.70 ± 1.73