Short-term nitrogen addition, watering, and mowing weakened the relationship between soil biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality in degraded Sophora alopecuroides grassland

doi:10.17520/biods.2024305

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: The combined impacts of climate change and human activities are likely to increase the land areas suitable for poisonous weeds, leading to rapid biodiversity loss and increasingly severe grassland degradation in the semi-arid region of Xinjiang. Enhanced understanding of the relationship between soil biomes and ecosystem multifunctionality can provide theoretical support for efforts to control the spread of poisonous weeds in Xinjiang.
Methods: This study used a field experiment to explore the effects of nitrogen, water addition and mowing on soil biodiversity patterns, co-occurrence networks, and the relationship between diversity indices and ecosystem multifunctionality. This study adopted a randomized block trial design and set up eight treatments, which are no nitrogen, no watering, no mowing (CK), nitrogen addition (N treatment), watering (W treatment), mowing (M treatment), nitrogen × watering (NW treatment), nitrogen × mowing (NM treatment), watering × mowing (WM treatment), nitrogen × watering × mowing (NWM treatment).
Results: (1) The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of soil bacteria differed significantly between the control, water addition, and nitrogen-mowing treatments. There were no significant differences between the diversity of soil fungi, nematodes, and arthropods in each treatment. (2) N, W, M, NW, and NM treatments all resulted in reduced complexity and connectivity of soil biological co-occurrence networks. WM and NWM treatments increased the complexity and connectivity of soil biological co-occurrence networks. (3) In the control, there was a significant and positive correlation between multidiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality (P < 0.01). In the NM treatment, there was a significant and negative correlation between multidiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between multidiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality in the other treatments. Finally, soil bacterial diversity was most susceptible to the change of external environment.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that short-term nitrogen addition, watering, and mowing can weaken the relationship between soil biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality. These findings provide a theoretical basis for closer study of the mechanisms that affect the relationship between soil biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality through environmental changes caused by global climate change.

Key words: global change, poisonous weeds, microbes, soil fauna, ecosystem multifunctionality

Liu Shuqi, Cui Dong, Jiang Zhicheng, Liu Jianghui, Yan Jiangchao. Short-term nitrogen addition, watering, and mowing weakened the relationship between soil biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality in degraded Sophora alopecuroides grassland[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2025, 33(3): 24305.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2024305

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2025/V33/I3/24305

Figures/Tables 9

References 64

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处理 Treatments	优势种 Dominant species	其他物种 Other species	物种数 Species number	生物量 Biomass (g/m²)
对照CK	苦豆子、扁穗雀麦、多枝柽柳 Sophora alopecuroides, Bromus catharticus, Tamarix ramosissima	狗牙根、狗尾草、旱茅、大翅蓟、冷蒿、小蓬草、野莴苣、苍耳、欧夏至草 Cynodon dactylon, Setaria viridis, Schizachyrium delavayi, Onopordum acanthium, Artemisia frigida, Erigeron canadensis, Lactuca serriola, Xanthium strumarium, Marrubium vulgare	10	393.57
氮添加N	苦豆子、扁穗雀麦 Sophora alopecuroides, Bromus catharticus	多枝柽柳、狗牙根、旱茅、大翅蓟、冷蒿、猪毛蒿、小蓬草、欧夏至草、薄荷、猪毛菜、薹草 Tamarix ramosissima, Cynodon dactylon, Schizachyrium delavayi, Onopordum acanthium, Artemisia frigida, A. scoparia, Erigeron canadensis, Marrubium vulgare, Mentha canadensis, Kali collinum, Carex spp.	13	517.52
水添加W	苦豆子、扁穗雀麦、多枝柽柳 Sophora alopecuroides, Bromus catharticus, Tamarix ramosissima	狗牙根、旱茅、大翅蓟、冷蒿、猪毛蒿、小蓬草、欧夏至草 Cynodon dactylon, Schizachyrium delavayi, Onopordum acanthium, Artemisia frigida, A. scoparia, Erigeron canadensis, Marrubium vulgare	10	397.52
刈割M	苦豆子、扁穗雀麦、狗尾草 Sophora alopecuroides, Bromus catharticus, Setaria viridis	多枝柽柳、苜蓿、大翅蓟、猪毛蒿、小蓬草、野莴苣、欧夏至草、角果藜 Tamarix ramosissima, Medicago sativa, Onopordum acanthium, Artemisia scoparia, Erigeron canadensis, Lactuca serriola, Marrubium vulgare, Ceratocarpus arenarius	11	132.02
氮添加 + 水添加 NW	苦豆子、扁穗雀麦 Sophora alopecuroides, Bromus catharticus	多枝柽柳、狗牙根、旱茅、狗尾草、大翅蓟、猪毛蒿、小蓬草、薹草 Tamarix ramosissima, Cynodon dactylon, Schizachyrium delavayi, Setaria viridis, Onopordum acanthium, Artemisia scoparia, Erigeron canadensis, Carex spp.	10	492.86
氮添加 + 刈割 NM	苦豆子、扁穗雀麦 Sophora alopecuroides, Bromus catharticus	多枝柽柳、狗牙根、旱茅、羊草、狗尾草、大翅蓟、野莴苣、欧夏至草 Tamarix ramosissima, Cynodon dactylon, Schizachyrium delavayi, Leymus chinensis, Setaria viridis, Onopordum acanthium, Lactuca serriola, Marrubium vulgare	10	168.98
水添加 + 刈割WM	苦豆子、扁穗雀麦 Sophora alopecuroides, Bromus catharticus	多枝柽柳、狗牙根、旱茅、大翅蓟、冷蒿、猪毛蒿、乳苣、小蓬草、野莴苣、欧夏至草 Tamarix ramosissima, Cynodon dactylon, Schizachyrium delavayi, Onopordum acanthium, Artemisia frigida, A. scoparia, Lactuca tatarica, Erigeron canadensis, Lactuca serriola, Marrubium vulgare	12	141.30
氮添加 + 水添加 + 刈割NWM	苦豆子、扁穗雀麦 Sophora alopecuroides, Bromus catharticus	旱茅、羊草、大翅蓟、小蓬草、苍耳 Schizachyrium delavayi, Leymus chinensis, Onopordum acanthium, Erigeron canadensis, Xanthium strumarium	7	134.36

处理 Treatments	优势种 Dominant species	其他物种 Other species	物种数 Species number	生物量 Biomass (g/m²)
对照CK	苦豆子、扁穗雀麦、多枝柽柳 Sophora alopecuroides, Bromus catharticus, Tamarix ramosissima	狗牙根、狗尾草、旱茅、大翅蓟、冷蒿、小蓬草、野莴苣、苍耳、欧夏至草 Cynodon dactylon, Setaria viridis, Schizachyrium delavayi, Onopordum acanthium, Artemisia frigida, Erigeron canadensis, Lactuca serriola, Xanthium strumarium, Marrubium vulgare	10	393.57
氮添加N	苦豆子、扁穗雀麦 Sophora alopecuroides, Bromus catharticus	多枝柽柳、狗牙根、旱茅、大翅蓟、冷蒿、猪毛蒿、小蓬草、欧夏至草、薄荷、猪毛菜、薹草 Tamarix ramosissima, Cynodon dactylon, Schizachyrium delavayi, Onopordum acanthium, Artemisia frigida, A. scoparia, Erigeron canadensis, Marrubium vulgare, Mentha canadensis, Kali collinum, Carex spp.	13	517.52
水添加W	苦豆子、扁穗雀麦、多枝柽柳 Sophora alopecuroides, Bromus catharticus, Tamarix ramosissima	狗牙根、旱茅、大翅蓟、冷蒿、猪毛蒿、小蓬草、欧夏至草 Cynodon dactylon, Schizachyrium delavayi, Onopordum acanthium, Artemisia frigida, A. scoparia, Erigeron canadensis, Marrubium vulgare	10	397.52
刈割M	苦豆子、扁穗雀麦、狗尾草 Sophora alopecuroides, Bromus catharticus, Setaria viridis	多枝柽柳、苜蓿、大翅蓟、猪毛蒿、小蓬草、野莴苣、欧夏至草、角果藜 Tamarix ramosissima, Medicago sativa, Onopordum acanthium, Artemisia scoparia, Erigeron canadensis, Lactuca serriola, Marrubium vulgare, Ceratocarpus arenarius	11	132.02
氮添加 + 水添加 NW	苦豆子、扁穗雀麦 Sophora alopecuroides, Bromus catharticus	多枝柽柳、狗牙根、旱茅、狗尾草、大翅蓟、猪毛蒿、小蓬草、薹草 Tamarix ramosissima, Cynodon dactylon, Schizachyrium delavayi, Setaria viridis, Onopordum acanthium, Artemisia scoparia, Erigeron canadensis, Carex spp.	10	492.86
氮添加 + 刈割 NM	苦豆子、扁穗雀麦 Sophora alopecuroides, Bromus catharticus	多枝柽柳、狗牙根、旱茅、羊草、狗尾草、大翅蓟、野莴苣、欧夏至草 Tamarix ramosissima, Cynodon dactylon, Schizachyrium delavayi, Leymus chinensis, Setaria viridis, Onopordum acanthium, Lactuca serriola, Marrubium vulgare	10	168.98
水添加 + 刈割WM	苦豆子、扁穗雀麦 Sophora alopecuroides, Bromus catharticus	多枝柽柳、狗牙根、旱茅、大翅蓟、冷蒿、猪毛蒿、乳苣、小蓬草、野莴苣、欧夏至草 Tamarix ramosissima, Cynodon dactylon, Schizachyrium delavayi, Onopordum acanthium, Artemisia frigida, A. scoparia, Lactuca tatarica, Erigeron canadensis, Lactuca serriola, Marrubium vulgare	12	141.30
氮添加 + 水添加 + 刈割NWM	苦豆子、扁穗雀麦 Sophora alopecuroides, Bromus catharticus	旱茅、羊草、大翅蓟、小蓬草、苍耳 Schizachyrium delavayi, Leymus chinensis, Onopordum acanthium, Erigeron canadensis, Xanthium strumarium	7	134.36