Relationships between soil fauna, leaf economics spectrum, and litter decomposition rates in a subtropical forest of Badagongshan

doi:10.17520/biods.2024261

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Soil fauna are essential biological drivers of litter decomposition, playing an irreplaceable role in promoting nutrient cycling, maintaining soil structure stability, and enhancing ecosystem functions. However, due to the high diversity of soil fauna groups and their complex interspecific interactions, the relationship between their community characteristics and litter decomposition rates remains uncertain. Meanwhile, the leaf economics spectrum, which reflects the trade-off between resource acquisition and utilization strategies, may directly or indirectly affect the structure and functions of soil fauna communities. Here, we aim to explore the mechanisms by which different soil fauna groups affect litter decomposition and potential regulatory role of the leaf economics spectrum on soil fauna communities.

Methods: This study selected 20 representative plant litters from the subtropical Badagongshan region, Hunan, China. The leaf economics spectrum was constructed based on its core functional traits, and a 13-month litter decomposition experiment was conducted using mesh bags with three different mesh sizes (0.07 mm, 2 mm, and 5 mm) to investigate the effects of soil fauna body size on litter decomposition.

Results: The results showed that a total of 28,786 individuals were collected, belonging to 11 classes and 29 orders. Mites and Collembola were the dominant groups, accounting for over 80% of the total soil fauna. Litter species significantly affected soil fauna density and richness, but had no significant effects on the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Gini-Simpson index, or Pielou evenness index. The leaf economics spectrum derived from litter traits was not correlated with soil fauna abundance or diversity. Soil fauna significantly increased the litter decomposition rates, contributing up to 45.28% of the total decomposition. Contributions varied across body size groups, with micro- and mesofauna accounting for 28.31% of the decomposition. When all body size groups of soil fauna were present, litter decomposition rates showed significant correlations with faunal abundance and diversity.

Conclusion: We demonstrated that litter species affect soil fauna abundance. The community characteristics of soil fauna promote litter decomposition and transformation. Different body size groups regulate decomposition rates to varying extents. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the interaction between soil fauna and litter decomposition, and provides scientific evidence for forest ecosystem management aimed at enhancing nutrient cycling and conserving soil biodiversity.

Key words: decomposition rate, leaf litter, leaf economics spectrum, soil fauna

Dangjun Wang, Wuyang Xie, Xiaoyuan Lin, Xiujuan Qiao, Yaozhan Xu, Qiuxiang Tian, Feng Liu, Yani Zhang, Zhun Mao, Juan Zuo, Mingxi Jiang. Relationships between soil fauna, leaf economics spectrum, and litter decomposition rates in a subtropical forest of Badagongshan[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(12): 24261.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2024261

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2024/V32/I12/24261

Figures/Tables 8

References 43

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物种名称 Species name	简写 Abbreviation	孔径 Mesh size
物种名称 Species name	简写 Abbreviation	0.07 mm	2 mm	5 mm
七叶树 Aesculus chinensis	AECH	0.21 ± 0.01^Ce	0.26 ± 0.01^Be	0.36 ± 0.02^Ajk
华榛 Corylus chinensis	COCH	1.40 ± 0.19^Bb	2.18 ± 0.37^ABb	2.27 ± 0.14^Ade
灯台树 Cornus controversa	COCO	1.39 ± 0.11^Bb	2.39 ± 0.45^Ab	2.52 ± 0.21^Acd
藏刺榛 Corylus ferox	COFE	1.19 ± 0.05^Abc	1.30 ± 0.25^Ac	1.49 ± 0.13^Af
柳杉 Cryptomeria japonica	CRJA	0.24 ± 0.04^Cef	0.39 ± 0.03^Bef	0.54 ± 0.03^Aijk
珙桐 Davidia involucrata	DAIN	2.02 ± 0.46^Ba	3.51 ± 0.35^Aa	3.81 ± 0.16^Aa
亮叶水青冈 Fagus lucida	FALU	0.21 ± 0.01^Be	0.35 ± 0.04^Ade	0.32 ± 0.04^Ak
鹅掌楸 Liriodendron chinense	LICH	1.01 ± 0.04^Bbcd	1.96 ± 0.24^Ab	2.08 ± 0.11^Ae
红柴枝 Meliosma oldhamii	MEOL	0.32 ± 0.01^Be	0.43 ± 0.05^Ade	0.47 ± 0.01^Ajk
水杉 Metasequoia glyptostroboides	MEGL	0.99 ± 0.02^Bef	1.24 ± 0.31^Bef	1.56 ± 0.05^Ajk
蓝果树 Nyssa sinensis	NYSI	0.76 ± 0.05^Bcde	1.10 ± 0.14^Acd	1.31 ± 0.06^Afg
灰叶稠李 Prunus grayana	PRGR	1.15 ± 0.11^Bbc	2.35 ± 0.43^Ab	2.81 ± 0.07^Abc
大叶杨 Populus lasiocarpa	POLA	0.49 ± 0.08^Bde	0.81 ± 0.15^ABcde	1.05 ± 0.12^Agh
湖北枫杨 Pterocarya hupehensis	PTHU	0.72 ± 0.13^Bcde	0.79 ± 0.09^Bcde	1.25 ± 0.09^Afg
白辛树 Pterostyrax psilophyllus	PTPS	0.51 ± 0.04^Bde	0.92 ± 0.06^Acde	1.05 ± 0.01^Agh
瑶山梭罗 Reevesia glaucophylla	REGL	0.47 ± 0.04^Bde	0.57 ± 0.02^Bcde	0.82 ± 0.03^Ahi
檫木 Sassafras tzumu	SATZ	0.19 ± 0.01^Be	0.35 ± 0.03^Ade	0.41 ± 0.03^Ajk
瘿椒树 Tapiscia sinensis	TASI	2.28 ± 0.49^Ba	3.06 ± 0.30^ABa	3.91 ± 0.19^Aa
粉椴 Tilia oliveri	TIOL	1.26 ± 0.17^Cbc	2.23 ± 0.13^Bb	2.85 ± 0.12^Ab
香椿 Toona sinensis	TOSI	0.22 ± 0.02^Be	0.51 ± 0.11^Ade	0.66 ± 0.02^Aij
F		12.24^***	20.23^***	121.71^***

物种名称 Species name	简写 Abbreviation	孔径 Mesh size
物种名称 Species name	简写 Abbreviation	0.07 mm	2 mm	5 mm
七叶树 Aesculus chinensis	AECH	0.21 ± 0.01^Ce	0.26 ± 0.01^Be	0.36 ± 0.02^Ajk
华榛 Corylus chinensis	COCH	1.40 ± 0.19^Bb	2.18 ± 0.37^ABb	2.27 ± 0.14^Ade
灯台树 Cornus controversa	COCO	1.39 ± 0.11^Bb	2.39 ± 0.45^Ab	2.52 ± 0.21^Acd
藏刺榛 Corylus ferox	COFE	1.19 ± 0.05^Abc	1.30 ± 0.25^Ac	1.49 ± 0.13^Af
柳杉 Cryptomeria japonica	CRJA	0.24 ± 0.04^Cef	0.39 ± 0.03^Bef	0.54 ± 0.03^Aijk
珙桐 Davidia involucrata	DAIN	2.02 ± 0.46^Ba	3.51 ± 0.35^Aa	3.81 ± 0.16^Aa
亮叶水青冈 Fagus lucida	FALU	0.21 ± 0.01^Be	0.35 ± 0.04^Ade	0.32 ± 0.04^Ak
鹅掌楸 Liriodendron chinense	LICH	1.01 ± 0.04^Bbcd	1.96 ± 0.24^Ab	2.08 ± 0.11^Ae
红柴枝 Meliosma oldhamii	MEOL	0.32 ± 0.01^Be	0.43 ± 0.05^Ade	0.47 ± 0.01^Ajk
水杉 Metasequoia glyptostroboides	MEGL	0.99 ± 0.02^Bef	1.24 ± 0.31^Bef	1.56 ± 0.05^Ajk
蓝果树 Nyssa sinensis	NYSI	0.76 ± 0.05^Bcde	1.10 ± 0.14^Acd	1.31 ± 0.06^Afg
灰叶稠李 Prunus grayana	PRGR	1.15 ± 0.11^Bbc	2.35 ± 0.43^Ab	2.81 ± 0.07^Abc
大叶杨 Populus lasiocarpa	POLA	0.49 ± 0.08^Bde	0.81 ± 0.15^ABcde	1.05 ± 0.12^Agh
湖北枫杨 Pterocarya hupehensis	PTHU	0.72 ± 0.13^Bcde	0.79 ± 0.09^Bcde	1.25 ± 0.09^Afg
白辛树 Pterostyrax psilophyllus	PTPS	0.51 ± 0.04^Bde	0.92 ± 0.06^Acde	1.05 ± 0.01^Agh
瑶山梭罗 Reevesia glaucophylla	REGL	0.47 ± 0.04^Bde	0.57 ± 0.02^Bcde	0.82 ± 0.03^Ahi
檫木 Sassafras tzumu	SATZ	0.19 ± 0.01^Be	0.35 ± 0.03^Ade	0.41 ± 0.03^Ajk
瘿椒树 Tapiscia sinensis	TASI	2.28 ± 0.49^Ba	3.06 ± 0.30^ABa	3.91 ± 0.19^Aa
粉椴 Tilia oliveri	TIOL	1.26 ± 0.17^Cbc	2.23 ± 0.13^Bb	2.85 ± 0.12^Ab
香椿 Toona sinensis	TOSI	0.22 ± 0.02^Be	0.51 ± 0.11^Ade	0.66 ± 0.02^Aij
F		12.24^***	20.23^***	121.71^***

		凋落物种类 Litter species	网袋孔径 Mesh size	凋落物种类 × 网袋孔径 Litter species × mesh size
凋落物分解速率 Litter decomposition rate	F	93.863	43.130	1.450
凋落物分解速率 Litter decomposition rate	P	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.043
土壤动物密度 Soil fauna density	F	2.411	1.348	0.625
土壤动物密度 Soil fauna density	P	0.002	0.248	0.881
丰富度 Richness	F	2.289	0.205	0.847
丰富度 Richness	P	0.004	0.651	0.647
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	F	1.130	5.029	1.359
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	P	0.331	0.027	0.161
Gini-Simpson指数 Gini-Simpson index	F	1.143	7.399	1.520
Gini-Simpson指数 Gini-Simpson index	P	0.319	0.008	0.091
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index	F	1.469	7.857	1.874
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index	P	0.109	0.006	0.022

		凋落物种类 Litter species	网袋孔径 Mesh size	凋落物种类 × 网袋孔径 Litter species × mesh size
凋落物分解速率 Litter decomposition rate	F	93.863	43.130	1.450
凋落物分解速率 Litter decomposition rate	P	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.043
土壤动物密度 Soil fauna density	F	2.411	1.348	0.625
土壤动物密度 Soil fauna density	P	0.002	0.248	0.881
丰富度 Richness	F	2.289	0.205	0.847
丰富度 Richness	P	0.004	0.651	0.647
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	F	1.130	5.029	1.359
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	P	0.331	0.027	0.161
Gini-Simpson指数 Gini-Simpson index	F	1.143	7.399	1.520
Gini-Simpson指数 Gini-Simpson index	P	0.319	0.008	0.091
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index	F	1.469	7.857	1.874
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index	P	0.109	0.006	0.022

物种 Species	t_0.5(年 year)			t_0.95(年 year)
物种 Species	0.07 mm	2 mm	5 mm	0.07 mm	2 mm	5 mm
七叶树 AECH	3.25	2.63	1.92	14.06	11.37	8.30
华榛 COCH	0.49	0.32	0.30	2.13	1.37	1.32
灯台树 COCO	0.50	0.29	0.27	2.16	1.25	1.19
藏刺榛 COFE	0.58	0.53	0.47	2.52	2.30	2.02
柳杉 CRJA	2.93	1.78	1.29	12.67	7.71	5.57
珙桐 DAIN	0.34	0.20	0.18	1.48	0.85	0.79
亮叶水青冈 FALU	3.33	2.01	2.15	14.37	8.67	9.28
鹅掌楸 LICH	0.69	0.35	0.33	2.97	1.53	1.44
红柴枝 MEOL	2.17	1.61	1.47	9.38	6.95	6.36
水杉 MEGL	0.70	0.56	0.44	3.04	2.42	1.92
蓝果树 NYSI	0.92	0.63	0.53	3.96	2.73	2.30
灰叶稠李 PRGR	0.60	0.30	0.19	2.61	1.28	0.83
大叶杨 POLA	1.42	0.86	0.66	6.14	3.72	2.86
湖北枫杨 PTHU	0.96	0.88	0.55	4.13	3.79	2.40
白辛树 PTPS	1.36	0.75	0.66	5.89	3.25	2.85
瑶山梭罗 REGL	1.47	1.22	0.85	6.35	5.28	3.67
檫木 SATZ	3.70	2.01	1.69	16.00	8.68	7.32
瘿椒树 TASI	0.30	0.23	0.18	1.32	0.98	0.77
粉椴 TIOL	0.55	0.31	0.24	2.38	1.34	1.05
香椿 TOSI	3.21	1.35	1.05	13.88	5.83	4.53