Abstract:

Aims: Zhejiang Province features complex water systems and extensive sea area that support high fish diversity. However, comprehensive studies on fish diversity in this region remain insufficient. To update and refine the fish species checklist of Zhejiang Province, we summarize taxonomic revisions for each taxon, species geographical distribution patterns, and their conservation status.

Methods: Based on existing literature, survey records and updated taxonomic and systematic findings, we revised the fish species checklist and distribution information of Zhejiang Province since the publication of Species checklist of freshwater fishes in Zhejiang Province and Marine Fishes of Zhejiang Province. The average similarity index (S) and cluster analysis were employed to examine the relationships among native inland fish communities across eight major water systems.

Results: The classification and distribution of 118 fish species in the original checklist were revised, and 237 species were added in our study. As of 31 December 2024, 1,148 fish species (including 13 alien species) were recorded in Zhejiang, belonging to 659 genera, 257 families, 46 orders, and 3 classes. The dominant orders are Perciformes (395 species), Cypriniformes (130 species), Scorpaeniformes (72 species), Pleuronectiformes (71 species), and Tetraodontiformes (53 species), collectively accounting for 62.80% of Zhejiang’s total fish species. There are 201 native inland fish species in Zhejiang, with the highest species richness observed in the Qiantang River (including Cao’e River) (155 species) and the Oujiang River (136 species); additionally, 934 native marine fish species are distributed in the region. The average similarity index of native inland fish communities among eight water systems exceeds 0.650. Cluster analysis of fish fauna shows that at a similarity distance of 0.5, the Tiaoxi River and the Grand Canal form one cluster; the Yongjiang River, Jiaojiang River (Lingjiang River), Oujiang River, Feiyun River, and Aojiang River form another; while the Qiantang River (including Cao’e River) forms a distinct cluster. Among Zhejiang’s fishes, 121 native species are under state protection or considered threatened. Of these, 14 species are listed in the List of State Key Protected Wild Animals, 32 species are included in the CITES Appendices, 104 species are assessed as Vulnerable (VU) or above on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, and 16 species are similarly classified on China’s Red List of Biodiversity.

Conclusion: Zhejiang harbors abundant fish resources. Based on their current status, we suggest strengthening species research, habitat protection, and scientific publicity. This updated checklist will facilitate research and law enforcement, and provide foundational data for fish conservation and sustainable utilization.

Key words: fishes, species checklist, taxonomic revision, distribution pattern, biodiversity, conservation, Zhejiang