Post-snowstorm community dynamics in an evergreen broad-leaved forest of Jiulian Mountains, Jiangxi Province

doi:10.17520/biods.2025005

Abstract

Abstract:

Aim: This study analyzes changes in species composition, stand structure, and diversity of Jiulian Mountains evergreen broad-leaved forests over 14 years following the snow disaster in southern China in 2008, revealing post-disaster community dynamics to inform forest restoration and sustainable management.

Method: Based on two phytosociological surveys (2008 and 2022) in a 4 ha evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in Jiulian Mountains, Jiangxi Province, We classified trees into three growth stages (saplings: 1 cm ≤ DBH < 5 cm; treelets: 5 cm ≤ DBH < 10 cm; adult trees: DBH ≥ 10 cm) to examine post-snow community dynamics.

Results: The results revealed 13,308 woody plants (47 families, 87 genera, and 185 species) in 2008, which increased to 17,116 individuals (41 families, 76 genera, and 178 species) by 2022. From 2008 to 2022, the density of individuals increased by 39.4% for saplings, 9.7% for treelets, and 4.4% for adult trees, while basal area increased by 23.1%, 14.3%, and 3.7%, respectively. In 2022, overall species richness, as well as species richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity index at the sapling stage, were significantly higher than in 2008. From 2008 to 2022, the number of rare species at the sapling stage decreased from 76 to 61 species, while the number of common species increased from 40 to 46 species. In 2022, the mean DBH at the sapling stage significantly decreased compared to 2008, while mean tree height across all growth stages showed a significant increase. From 2008 to 2022, the importance values (IV) of pioneer species increased in sapling and treelet stages, while IV of shade-tolerant species increased in the adult tree stage.

Conclusion: From 2008 to 2022, the evergreen broad-leaved forest community exhibited a recovery trend after snow disaster disturbance, with a significant increase in sapling abundance and species richness serving as key drivers of regeneration. Although overall diversity increased, the reduction in mean DBH indicates that the snow disaster had long-term impacts. Following the snow disaster, the release of resources such as light and space increased pioneer species richness at the sapling stage, yet the community shifted toward greater dominance of shade-tolerant species.

Key words: snow disaster, evergreen broad-leaved forest, natural recovery, community dynamics

Shiyun Yang, Lujie Hu, Qinxiu Huang, Shiqi Zeng, Jiajun Wang, Tong Zhang, Cancan Zhang, Wensheng Bu. Post-snowstorm community dynamics in an evergreen broad-leaved forest of Jiulian Mountains, Jiangxi Province[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2025, 33(9): 25005.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2025005

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2025/V33/I9/25005

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1 Top five most abundant families in an evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in the Jiulian Mountains, Jiangxi Province in 2008 and 2022

年 Year	总个体数 Total no. of individuals	科 Family	个体数 No. of individuals	占比Proportion (%)
2008	13,308	山茶科 Theaceae	3,211	24.1
		樟科 Lauraceae	2,573	19.3
		壳斗科 Fagaceae	2,215	16.6
		柿科 Ebenaceae	1,142	8.6
		杜鹃花科 Ericaceae	968	7.3
2022	17,116	樟科 Lauraceae	3,745	21.8
		山茶科 Theaceae	3,360	19.6
		壳斗科 Fagaceae	2,923	17.0
		柿科 Ebenaceae	1,454	8.5
		杜鹃花科 Ericaceae	1,216	7.1

Fig. 1 Number of individuals (left) and basal area (right) in an evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in the Jiulian Mountains, Jiangxi Province in 2008 and 2022

Table 2 Species richness (SR) and Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′) at different growth stages in an evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in the Jiulian Mountains, Jiangxi Province in 2008 and 2022 (mean ± SD)

生长阶段 Growth stages	SR		H′
生长阶段 Growth stages	2008	2022	2008	2022
幼树 Sapling	24 ± 6.02^b	28 ± 6.01^a	2.61 ± 0.34^b	2.71 ± 0.30^a
小树 Treelet	11 ± 3.71^a	12 ± 3.84^a	2.14 ± 0.38^a	2.13 ± 0.36^a
成树 Adult tree	11 ± 2.83^a	12 ± 3.78^a	2.2 ± 0.25^a	2.22 ± 0.35^a
总体 Overall	32 ± 6.23^b	36 ± 6.39^a	2.9 ± 0.26^a	2.91 ± 0.24^a

Fig. 2 Species-area curves, species-abundance curves, and abundance-species rank curves at different growth stages in an evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in the Jiulian Mountains, Jiangxi Province in 2008 and 2022

Table 3 Species number of rare, occasionally and common species in an evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in the Jiulian Mountains, Jiangxi Province in 2008 and 2022

物种等级 Species rank	幼树 Sapling		小树 Treelet		成树 Adult tree
物种等级 Species rank	2008	2022	2008	2022	2008	2022
稀有种 Rare species	76	61	52	55	58	64
偶见种 Occasionally species	50	54	47	44	26	35
常见种 Common species	40	46	15	15	18	15

Fig. 3 Variation of DBH and height at different growth stages in an evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in the Jiulian Mountains, Jiangxi Province in 2008 and 2022. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

Table 4 Number of species (individuals) of pioneer species, non-pioneer intolerant species and shade-tolerant species in an evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in the Jiulian Mountains, Jiangxi Province in 2008 and 2022

物种功能群 Species functional groups	幼树 Sapling		小树 Treelet		成树 Adult tree
物种功能群 Species functional groups	2008	2022	2008	2022	2008	2022
先锋种 Pioneer species	6 (233)	10 (596)	6 (65)	5 (89)	10 (450)	10 (261)
非先锋喜光种 Non-pioneer intolerant species	42 (1,070)	41 (1,377)	27 (341)	29 (298)	25 (434)	26 (406)
耐阴种 Shade-tolerant species	118 (7,579)	109 (10,406)	82 (1,768)	79 (1,998)	67 (1,368)	77 (1,684)

Fig. 4 Changes of importance values of functional groups at different growth stages in an evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in the Jiulian Mountains, Jiangxi Province in 2008 and 2022

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