Population structure and regeneration characteristics of dominant tree species in a semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizu Mountains, Yunnan

doi:10.17520/biods.2023251

Abstract

Abstract:

Aim: Subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest is a unique forest type in Southwest China. We expect to enhance our understanding of the characteristics and drivers of community dynamics in this ecosystem by studying the spatial and temporal patterns and regeneration strategies of the dominant tree species.

Methods: Using the first community survey data of the forest dynamics plot in a semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizhu Mountains, Yunnan Province, we explored the patterns of seedlings, saplings, and adults of five dominant tree species and compared their population structure in DBH classes. The multi-scale spatial patterns of regeneration and adult populations were modeled using a probability density function g(r). A comparison of ordinary least squared and multi-scale geographical weighting regression models were used to assess the factors influencing the seedling and sapling density of the dominant tree species.

Result: (1) Castanopsis orthacantha, C. delavayi, Schima argentea, and Lithocarpus craibianus exhibited a growing population DBH class structure. The Pinus yunnanensis had a declining population structure. (2) The patterns of regeneration and adult populations of all five species were clustered at small scales (0-50 m), but the intensity of clustering decreased with increasing scales, shifting to random or uniform distributions. The distributions of juvenile and adult populations of Pinus yunnanensis showed a significant negative correlation at small scales, while the distribution of juvenile and adult populations of the other four broad-leaved species showed a significant positive correlation. (3) The multi-scale geographical weighting regression model explained 58.7% and 26.9% more than the ordinary least squares model for the change of population regeneration densities of seedlings and saplings, respectively, showing a significant effect of spatial autocorrelation in population patterns. The model results indicated that the seedling density pattern was constrained more by stochasticity in seed dispersal than by habitat factors, while the sapling density pattern was dominated by that of habitat factors.

Conclusions: Except for Pinus yunnanensis, the other four dominant tree species in the sample plot of the semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizhu Mountains regenerate well. The spatial patterns of regeneration of all five species are constrained by both stochastic dispersal limitation and deterministic environmental filtration, but the dominant constraint shifts from the former to the later as regeneration progressesfrom the seedling phase to the sapling phase.

Key words: semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest, DBH class structure, spatial structure, natural regeneration, influencing factors

Wencong Liu, Xi Tian, Tao Yang, Jiesheng Rao, Xiaofeng Wang, Hengjun Qian, Mengling Tu, Ziming Shan, Xiaokun Ou, Zehao Shen. Population structure and regeneration characteristics of dominant tree species in a semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizu Mountains, Yunnan[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2023, 31(11): 23251.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2023251

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2023/V31/I11/23251

Figures/Tables 4

Table 1 Age class and diameter at breast height (DBH) class division of dominant tree species in the communities of the forest dynamics plot in a semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizhu Mountains

阶段 Stage	龄级 Age class	径级 DBH class	胸径 DBH (cm)
更新 Regeneration	幼苗 Seedling	〇	DBH < 1
更新 Regeneration	幼树 Sapling	Ⅰ	1 ≤ DBH < 7.5
成树 Adult tree	中龄 Mid-aged	Ⅱ	7.5 ≤ DBH < 22.5
	大龄 Old-aged	Ⅲ	22.5 ≤ DBH < 47.5
	老龄 Over-aged	Ⅳ	DBH ≥ 47.5

Fig. 1 The DBH class structure of the five dominant tree species in three communities and the forest dynamics plot in a semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizhu Mountains Plot. C.d., Castanopsis delavayi; C.o., C. orthacantha; P.y., Pinus yunnanensis; S.a., Shima argentea; L.c., Lithocarpus craibianus.

Fig. 2 The scaling patterns of aggregation intensity for regeneration and adult populations, and the offspring-adult linkage of five dominant tree species in the forest plot. (a) Regeneration populations (including DBH classes O and I); (b) Adult populations (including DBH class II, III, IV); (c) Spatial associations of regeneration and adult populations.

Table 2 Comparison between ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model and multi-scale geographical weighting regression (MGWR) model interpreting the spatial patterns of tree regeneration density, including seedlings and samplings

对象 Objects	变量 Variable	OLS		MGWR
对象 Objects	变量 Variable	系数 Estimate	P	系数范围 Value range	带宽 Bandwidth	ENP_j/∑ENP_j
幼苗 Seedlings	截距 Intercept			(-1.100, 2.500)	48	23.0%
	乔木胸高断面积之和 Sum of basal area of trees (TSBA)	0.320	*	(-0.044, 1.350)	46	33.0%
	乔木种种丰富度 Tree species richness (TSR)	-0.109	*	(-1.40, 1.890)	217	30.0%
	pH	-0.280	*	(-0.06, -0.400)	504	4.0%
	Adj. R²	0.136		0.723
幼树 Saplings	截距 Intercept			(-0.50, 1.400)	48	34.0%
	TSBA	0.588	*	(0.240, 2.960)	60	31.0%
	地形湿度指数 Topographic wetness index (TWI)	0.179	*	(-0.200, 0.270)	504	4.0%
	全氮 Total nitrogen (TotN)	0.037	*	(-0.08, 0.100)	89	17.0%
	粉粒含量 Silt content (Sc)	0.390	*	(0.340, 0.410)	115	14.0%
	Adj. R²	0.507		0.776

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