Diversity characteristics and driving factors of phyllosphere bacterial communities in shrubs of the Gurbantunggut Desert

doi:10.17520/biods.2025340

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Phyllosphere microorganisms play a crucial role in host plant health, adaptability, and ecosystem stability. However, research on the diversity characteristics and driving mechanisms of phyllosphere microbial communities in temperate desert shrubs remains limited.

Methods: This study focused on three typical desert shrubs (Calligonum leucocladum, Ephedra przewalskii, and Haloxylon persicum) in the Gurbantunggut Desert. Using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology, combined with principle coordinate analysis (PCoA), redundancy analysis, and null models, we systematically examined the diversity characteristics of phyllosphere bacterial communities and the relative contributions of deterministic and stochastic processes to their assembly.

Results: The results showed that both host plant identity and geographic location significantly influenced the diversity and structure of phyllosphere bacterial communities (P < 0.05), with host identity explaining a substantially higher proportion of the variance (R² = 0.766) compared to geographic location (R² = 0.046). The independent contribution of plant functional traits to the variation in phyllosphere bacterial community structure (9.39%-47.45%) was far greater than that of climatic factors (0%-0.38%) and soil properties (1.23%-6.21%). Stochastic processes (75.53%-95.24%) dominated the assembly of phyllosphere bacterial communities, with ecological drift (60.01%-91.43%) being the core driving force. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed tightly connected network structures and significant modularity features in the phyllosphere bacterial communities of different desert shrubs.

Conclusion: This study elucidates the diversity characteristics and assembly mechanisms of phyllosphere bacterial communities in arid desert shrubs, highlighting the key role of host functional traits, and provides theoretical foundations and practical guidance for adaptive management strategies of desert ecosystems under global climate change.

Key words: desert shrubs, phyllosphere bacteria, community diversity, community assembly, plant functional traits, co-occurrence network

Chunsheng Luo, Jun Zhang, Hua Jin, Xiangzheng Yin, Yuanming Zhang. Diversity characteristics and driving factors of phyllosphere bacterial communities in shrubs of the Gurbantunggut Desert[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2025, 33(12): 25340.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2025340

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2025/V33/I12/25340

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1 Alpha diversity distribution characteristics of phyllosphere bacterial communities in desert shrubs across different host plant and geographic locations. Kruskal-Wallis test results show that different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in alpha diversity indices among different host plant species and geographic locations. Kruskal-Wallis test results see Appendix 7 and 8. Plant species: Hp, Haloxylon persicum; Cl, Calligonum leucocladum; Ep, Ephedra przewalskii. Locations: S1, Huoshaoshan; S2, Karamaili Mountain Nature Reserve; S3, Boundary marker 240; S4, Yizhan; S5, Shixi east; S6, Shixi south; S7, Shixi north.

Fig. 2 Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of phyllosphere bacterial community structure of different desert shrub species based on Bray-Curtis distance. Hp, Haloxylon persicum; Cl, Calligonum leucocladum; Ep, Ephedra przewalskii. Locations: S1, Huoshaoshan; S2, Karamaili Mountain Nature Reserve; S3, Boundary marker 240; S4, Yizhan; S5, Shixi east; S6, Shixi south; S7, Shixi north.

Fig. 3 Factors influencing the variation in phyllosphere bacterial community structure of desert shrubs. (A) Redundancy analysis (RDA) showing the relationship between phyllosphere bacterial communities and environmental factors. (B) Variance partitioning analysis (VPA) showing the proportion of variation in phyllosphere bacterial community structure explained by plant functional traits, climatic factors, and soil properties. Plant species: Total, Total species; Cl, Calligonum leucocladum; Ep, Ephedra przewalskii; Hp, Haloxylon persicum. Influencing factors: LA, Leaf area; LDMC, Leaf dry matter content; LTC, Leaf total carbon; SS, Leaf soluble sugars; ST, Leaf starch; TNSC, Leaf total non-structural carbohydrates; MAP, Mean annual precipitation; MAT, Mean annual temperature; SWC, Soil water content; EC, Soil electrical conductivity; STN, Soil total nitrogen; STP, Soil total phosphorus; NH4+-N, Soil ammonium nitrogen. Values < 0 not shown.

Fig. 4 Assembly processes of phyllosphere bacterial communities in desert shrubs. (A) β nearest taxon index (βNTI) of phyllosphere bacterial communities of three desert shrub species across different geographic locations, the dashed line represents the threshold |2| (> |2| indicates predominantly deterministic processes, < |2| indicates predominantly stochastic processes). Kruskal-Wallis test results show that different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in βNTI among different host plant species and geographic locations. (B) Relative contributions of deterministic processes (homogeneous or heterogeneous selection) and stochastic processes (homogenizing dispersal, dispersal limitation, and ecological drift) to microbial community assembly based on null model analysis. Plant species: Total, Total species; Hp, Haloxylon persicum, Cl, Calligonum leucocladum, Ep, Ephedra przewalskii. Locations: S1, Huoshaoshan; S2, Karamaili Mountain Nature Reserve; S3, Boundary marker 240; S4, Yizhan; S5, Shixi east; S6, Shixi south; S7, Shixi north.

Fig. 5 Co-occurrence networks of phyllosphere bacteria in desert shrubs. (A) Co-occurrence networks of phyllosphere bacteria in different desert shrub species; nodes with the same color belong to the same module. (B) Network centrality metrics of co-occurrence networks in different desert shrub species. Plant species: Total, Total species; Cl, Calligonum leucocladum; Ep, Ephedra przewalskii; Hp, Haloxylon persicum. Kruskal-Wallis test results see Appendix 16.

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