Correlation between precipitation and the diversity and stability of the desert soil bacterial communities at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin

doi:10.17520/biods.2025082

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Precipitation is one of the pivotal parameters for the desert ecosystems. Analyzing the diversity and stability of soil microbial communities across precipitation gradients would provide crucial insights into the environmental adaptability of the desert bacteria.

Methods: Seventy-five soil samples (0-10 cm depth) were collected from deserts at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin, spanning a mean annual precipitation (MAP) gradient from 26.26 to 91.43 mm, which corresponds to the MAP of Qiemo County (QM, 26.26 mm), Minfeng County (MF, 53.10 mm), Hetian County (HT, 59.77 mm), Pishan County (PS, 69.26 mm), and Bachu County (BC, 91.43 mm). Through high-throughput sequencing and co-occurrence network modeling, we compared soil bacterial community diversity and stability.

Results: The results indicated that: (1) different precipitation conditions significantly affected the composition, diversity and community structure of desert soil bacteria at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin. Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, Bacteroidota, Bacillota and Gemmatimonadota were the dominant phyla of bacterial communities. Despite the higher relative abundance of specific bacteria, the composition and diversity of the whole soil bacterial communities were more similar to those of common bacterial communities and significantly different from those of specific bacterial communities. (2) The desert soil bacteria at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin were mainly cooperative. The key bacteria belong to S0134_terrestrial_group, Motococcus and Bacillus, etc. The stability of co-occurrence network was influenced by precipitation. Sufficient precipitation can improve the stability of soil bacterial co-occurrence network, while precipitation frequency had a stronger correlation.

Conclusion: Bacterial composition and diversity in desert soils at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin are governed by soil moisture and saline-alkaline constraints, with cooperative interactions dominating microbial networks, while the precipitation frequency is significantly correlated with the stability of soil bacterial community. These results help to understand how desert ecosystems respond to their environment.

Key words: Tarim Basin, desert, precipitation, soil bacterial communtiy, co-occurrence network

Jialu Li, Qiyan Li, Peishan Zhao, Guanglei Gao, Guodong Ding, Ying Zhang. Correlation between precipitation and the diversity and stability of the desert soil bacterial communities at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2025, 33(9): 25082.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2025082

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2025/V33/I9/25082

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1 Geographical and climatic properties of plots at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin

样地 Plots	经度 Longitude (E)	纬度 Latitude (N)	年平均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)	年平均气温 Mean annual temperature (℃)	年平均降水日数 Mean annual precipitation days
且末县 QM	85.76°	38.58°	26.26	12.17	90.2
民丰县 MF	82.93°	37.04°	53.10	13.17	53.8
和田县 HT	80.36°	37.56°	59.77	13.96	85.8
皮山县 PS	79.18°	37.56°	69.26	14.38	102.8
巴楚县 BC	79.20°	39.32°	91.43	13.75	170.7

Table 2 Physical and chemical properties of desert soil at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin

样地 Plots	且末县 QM	民丰县 MF	和田县 HT	皮山县 PS	巴楚县 BC
pH	8.98 ± 0.19^b	8.66 ± 0.18^c	9.16 ± 0.07^a	9.07 ± 0.31^ab	8.40 ± 0.05^d
SWC (%)	3.72 ± 0.12^b	3.65 ± 0.68^b	6.95 ± 4.00^ab	7.99 ± 7.07^a	9.33 ± 4.24^a
EC (μs/cm)	229.07 ± 18.16^d	109.01 ± 8.41^e	1,003.27 ± 83.94^a	812.73 ± 34.46^b	653.07 ± 70.81^c
TN (g/kg)	0.16 ± 0.03^b	0.74 ± 0.25^a	0.11 ± 0.05^b	0.71 ± 0.09^a	0.13 ± 0.03^b
TP (g/kg)	0.17 ± 0.08^e	0.23 ± 0.04^d	0.39 ± 0.03^b	0.71 ± 0.05^a	0.33 ± 0.06^c
SOC (g/kg)	0.36 ± 0.08^b	0.34 ± 0.06^b	0.73 ± 0.33^a	0.33 ± 0.08^b	0.63 ± 0.12^a
TC (g/kg)	16.60 ± 3.21^ab	17.34 ± 3.16^a	14.03 ± 3.34^bc	12.61 ± 3.30^c	11.36 ± 2.72^c

Fig. 1 Venn of desert soil bacteria at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin. QM, Qiemo County; MF, Minfeng County; HT, Hetian County; PS, Pishan County; BC, Bachu County.

Fig. 2 The relative abundance of dominant desert soil bacteria phylum at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin. (a) Whole bacteria; (b) Common bacteria; (c) Specific bacteria. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in relative abundance of dominant bacterial phyla among the plots (P < 0.05). QM, Qiemo County; MF, Minfeng County; HT, Hetian County; PS, Pishan County; BC, Bachu County.

Fig. 3 Alpha diversity of the desert soil bacterial communities at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in alpha diversity (P < 0.05). QM, Qiemo County; MF, Minfeng County; HT, Hetian County; PS, Pishan County; BC, Bachu County.

Fig. 4 Beta diversity of the desert soil bacterial communities at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin. (a) Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination based on chord-normalized expected species shared (CNESS); (b) Relationship between CNESS and geographical distance. QM, Qiemo County; MF, Minfeng County; HT, Hetian County; PS, Pishan County; BC, Bachu County.

Fig. 5 Co-occurrence network of the desert soil bacterial communities at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin. Node size represent different degree. Purple edges represent active correlations, and yellow edges represent negative correlations. QM, Qiemo County; MF, Minfeng County; HT, Hetian County; PS, Pishan County; BC, Bachu County.

Table 3 Topological parameters of desert soil bacterial co-occurrence networks at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin

	且末县 QM	民丰县 MF	和田县 HT	皮山县 PS	巴楚县 BC
节点 Node	314	295	253	264	317
边 Link	5,482	2,106	3,317	1,864	3,074
模块化 Modularity	0.553	0.656	0.52	0.587	0.614
平均度 Average degree	34.917	14.278	26.221	14.121	19.394
平均路径长度 Average path distance	3.567	4.012	3.65	3.979	3.857
平均聚类系数 Average clustering coefficient	0.606	0.472	0.624	0.506	0.527
正向边占比 Proportion of active edges (%)	85.84	85.09	94.81	90.99	90.27
负向边占比 Proportion of negative edges (%)	14.16	14.91	5.19	9.01	9.73
共有节点占比 Proportion of common nodes (%)	1.59	0	0	0	1.26
兼有节点占比 Proportion of shared nodes (%)	35.35	17.29	8.3	6.06	19.56
特有节点占比 Proportion of specific nodes (%)	63.06	82.71	91.7	93.94	79.18

Fig. 6 Key nodes of the desert soil bacterial co-occurrence networks at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin. QM, Qiemo County; MF, Minfeng County; HT, Hetian County; PS, Pishan County; BC, Bachu County.

Fig. 7 Stability of the desert soil bacteria co-occurrence networks at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin. QM, Qiemo County; MF, Minfeng County; HT, Hetian County; PS, Pishan County; BC, Bachu County.

Fig. 8 Correlation between soil bacterial community characteristics and environmental factors. Thickness of the chords represents the magnitude of correlations, red indicating positive relationships, green indicating negative relationships. The color of the chords represents the significance level, darker shades indicating higher significance. Active, Fraction of positive edges; AD, Average degree; PD, Average path distance; CC, Average clustering coefficient; MI, Modularity index; NC/PC, Ratio of negative to positive cohesion; SWC, Soil water content; EC, Electrical conductivity; TN, Total nitrogen; TP, Total phosphorus; SOC, Soil organic carbon; TC, Total carbon; MAP, Mean annual precipitation; MAT, Mean annual temperature; APD, Mean annual precipitation days; Shannon, Shannon diversity index; Simpson, Simpson diversity index.

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