Effects of soil microbial community characteristics on soil multifunctionality in sand-fixation shrublands

doi:10.17520/biods.2022585

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Over the past 30 years, a range of ecological restoration measures such as aerial seeding and grazing prohibition have been conducted for desertification control in the Mu Us Desert, and significant vegetation greenness have been achieved in improving the regional ecological environment; however, the changes in soil multifunctionality after vegetation restoration are still unclear, in particular the influence of soil microorganisms on soil multifunctionality.

Methods: In this study, soils of shrublands established at the same time in the Mu Us Desert, and dominated by Artemisia ordosica, Salix psammophila, Caragana korshinskii, respecitively, were investigated. Soil microbial community structure was determined using high-throughput sequencing, and soil multifunctionality was calculated by the Z-score method.

Results: There were significant differences in soil organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, microbial biomass carbon content, and microbial biomass nitrogen content among three shrub soils (A. ordosica shrubland > S. psammophila shrubland > C. korshinskii shrubland). Soil invertase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and multifunctionality were significantly higher in A. ordosica and S. psammophila shrubland than that in C. korshinskii shrubland. Soil microbial Chao 1 index, observed species number and Shannon index in A. ordosica shrubland was significantly higher than that in C. korshinskii shrubland. The net relatedness index of soil microbes in C. korshinskii shrubland was significantly lower than that in the other two types of lands. Shannon index, Faith’s phylogenetic diversity and network topology properties (nodes, edges, linkage density) in the three shrublands and the net relatedness index in C. korshinskii shrubland were positively correlated with soil multifunctionality. Soil microbial network topological properties, species diversity, and phylogenetic diversity explained 24.46%, 19.72%, and 5.92% of the variation in soil multifunctionality, respectively. Structural equation modeling showed that soil microbial diversity increased soil multifunctionality indirectly by promoting network structure.

Conclusion: The results indicate that different shrub soils have different effects on soil microorganisms and multifunctionality, and soil microbial diversity influence soil ecosystem functions mainly through positive regulation of microbial interspecific relationships. The results of the study help to understand the effects of different vegetation restoration measures on soil functions from the perspective of soil microorganisms, and can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of plant species for desertification control.

Key words: sand-fixation shrubs, co-occurrence network, Mu Us Desert, soil multifunctionality, microbial phylogenetic diversity, microbial species diversity

Yuanyuan Xiao, Wei Feng, Yangui Qiao, Yuqing Zhang, Shugao Qin. Effects of soil microbial community characteristics on soil multifunctionality in sand-fixation shrublands[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2023, 31(4): 22585.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2022585

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2023/V31/I4/22585

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1 Basic information of the sampled shrublands in the study sites

样地 Sampling site	黑沙蒿林地 Artemisia ordosica shrubland	北沙柳林地 Salix psammophila shrubland	柠条锦鸡儿林地 Caragana korshinskii shrubland
植被盖度 Vegetation coverage (%)	58	65	62
优势种 Dominant species	黑沙蒿 A. ordosica	北沙柳 S. psammophila	柠条锦鸡儿 C. korshinskii
灌木平均高度 Mean shrub height (m)	0.61	2.60	2.99
平均冠幅 Mean shrub canopy area (m²)	0.85	6.41	6.19
主要伴生植物 Main associated herbaceous plants	赖草、狗尾草、地梢瓜、阿尔泰狗娃花、中华苦荬菜 Leymus secalinus, Setaria viridis, Cynanchum thesioides, Aster altaicus, Ixeris chinensis	中华苦荬菜、兴安胡枝子、拂子茅 Ixeris chinensis, Lespedeza davurica, Calamagrostis epigeios	软毛虫实、拂子茅、猪毛菜、狗尾草 Corispermum puberulum, Calamagrostis epigeios, Kali collinum, Setaria viridis

Fig. 1 Distribution of soil sampling sites. a, Sampling plot in Artemisia ordosica shrublands; b, Sampling plot in Salix psammophila shrublands; c, Sampling plot in Caragana korshinskii shrublands.

Fig. 2 Soil properties and multifunctionality in different shrublands. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05), data are shown as mean ± SE; Aro, Artemisia ordosica shrubland; Sap, Salix psammophila shrubland; Cam, Caragana korshinskii shrubland.

Fig. 3 Soil microbial species diversity (a) and phylogenetic diversity (b) in different shrublands. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05), data are shown as mean values ± SE. Aro, Artemisia ordosica shrubland; Sap, Salix psammophila shrubland; Cam, Caragana korshinskii shrubland. PD, Faith’s phylogenetic diversity index; NRI, Net relatedness index; NTI, Net nearest taxa index.

Fig. 4 Co-occurrence network and topological properties of soil microorganisms in different shrublands

Fig. 5 Relationship between soil multifunctionality (Z-score) and soil microbial diversity, network topological properties. Grey regions indicate 95% confidence intervals around the regressions; Aro, Artemisia ordosica shrubland; Sap, Salix psammophila shrubland; Cam, Caragana korshinskii shrubland; PD, Faith’s phylogenetic diversity index; NRI, Net relatedness index; NTI, Net nearest taxa index; R2, Coefficient of determination; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01.

Fig. 6 Percentage explanation of microbial diversity and network topological properties on soil multifunctionality (variance partition analysis). Solid black circles represent adjacent two-factor interactions, and solid rectangles represent three-factor interactions; Blue dashed line represents the percentage of explanation of soil multifunctionality by one category of microbial parameters; Nodes, Number of nodes; Edges, Number of edges; Linkage density, Linkage density; PD, Faith’s phylogenetic diversity index; NRI, Net relatedness index; NTI, Net nearest taxa index; Observed species, Observed species number; Chao 1, Chao 1 index; Shannon, Shannon index.

Fig. 7 Structural equation modeling (a) and standardized total effect (b) of microbial parameters on soil multifunctionality. Arrows represent positive correlations, the thickness of the arrow indicates the size of the path coefficient, the value on the arrow is the standardized path coefficient and the degree of correlation, and R2 represents the degree of explanation of the model for the variable; NRI, Net relatedness index; GFI, Goodness fit index; CFI, Comparative fit index; NFI, Normed fit index; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001.

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