Diversity of endophytic bacteria in five types of tissues of Hippophae tibetana

doi:10.17520/biods.2021034

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Hippophae tibetana is a special kind of actinorhizal plants distributed in severe cold and high altitude areas. Frankia spp. can infect its roots and form nodules, which enhances its ecological adaptability due to symbiotic nitrogen fixation and other effects. Besides Frankia spp., there are other endophytic bacteria in the root nodules of H. tibetana. Frankia spp. can distribute not only nodules but also other tissues. By analyzing the community structure and diversity of endophytic bacteria in different tissues, the clonization and possible migration of Frankia in different tissues were discussed.
Methods: High-throughput sequencing of the V5‒V7 region of 16S rRNA gene was used to study the diversity of Frankia spp. and other endophytic bacteria in root nodules, stems, branches, leaves, and seeds of H. tibetana,.
Results: The results showed that the richness and diversity indices of the community in the root nodules of H. tibetana were the highest, while the richness of endophytic bacterial community in seeds were the lowest, and diversity indices in the stems were the lowest. The diversity of endophytic bacterial communities in five types of tissues of H. tibetana was different. Proteobacteria were the dominant phylum of the endophytic bacterial communities of five tissue types, Frankia was the dominant genus in root nodules, while Friedmanniella was the dominant genus in stems, and Stenotrophomonas was the dominant genus in branches, leaves, and seeds. The results also showed that Frankia could not only colonize in root nodules of H. tibetana, but also distributed in other tissues. There were different “species” of Frankia in the same tissue type of H. tibetana, and the same “species” of Frankia were also distributed in different tissues. In addition, functional endophytic bacteria existed in five tissue types of H. tibetana, which can fix nitrogen, promote the growth inhibit pathogens of host plants. Endophytic bacteria with nitrogen fixation function were mainly distributed in nodules, while those with growth-promoting and bacteriostatic functions were mainly distributed in branches and leaves of H. tibetana.
Conclusion: There were rich diversity of endophytic bacteria in five tissue types of H. tibetana, but the community structure and dominant population of each tissue were different, and different tissues could also colonize endophytic bacteria with multiple functions.

Key words: Hippophae tibetana, tissues, endophytic bacteria, diversity, Frankia spp., functional strain

Aimei Zhang, Yiran Yin, Weibao Kong, Xuetai Zhu, Yingli Yang. Diversity of endophytic bacteria in five types of tissues of Hippophae tibetana[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(9): 1236-1244.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2021034

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2021/V29/I9/1236

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1 Venn diagram of OTU distribution of endophytic bacterial community detected in five tissues of Hippophae tibetana

Table 1 Endophytic bacterial community in five tissues of Hippophae tibetana at each classification level

样品 Sample	门 Phylum	纲 Class	目 Order	科 Family	属 Genus
根瘤 Root nodule	22	33	69	113	203
茎 Stem	18	28	59	102	185
枝 Branch	18	29	58	99	191
叶 Leaf	18	24	49	91	171
种子 Seed	16	25	55	96	172

Table 2 Richness and diversity indices of endophytic bacteria in five tissues of Hippophae tibetana

样品 Sample	ACE指数 ACE index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	Shannon指数 Shannon index	Simpson指数 Simpson index
根瘤 Root nodule	1,044±197^a	1,040±197^a	4.633±2.673^ab	0.700±0.283^b
茎 Stem	605±76^a	575±78^a	6.107±0.173^a	0.969±0.004^a
枝 Branch	307±42^ab	285±34^b	2.820±0.664^b	0.646±0.147^b
叶 Leaf	296±63^b	279±60^b	3.340±1.337^a	0.753±0.250^ab
种子 Seed	265±2^b	260±7^b	3.007±0.245^b	0.751±0.020^b

Fig. 2 Relative abundance of endophytic bacteria in five tissues of Hippophae tibetana. (A) Phylum level; (B) Genus level.

Fig. 3 PCoA analysis of endophytic bacterial community in five tissues of Hippophae tibetana

Fig. 4 Relative abundances of Frankia in five tissues of Hippophae tibetana

Table 3 Distribution of Frankia OTU in five tissues of Hippophae tibetana

样品 Sample	OTU3	OTU88	OTU241	OTU1030	OTU1524	OTU1958	OTU2669
根瘤 Root nodule	45.04%	1.07%	1.47%	0.01%	0.03%	0.01%	0.01%
茎 Stem	0.12%	0.01%	0.01%	0	0.01%	0	0
枝 Branch	0.02%	0	0.01%	0	0	0	0
叶 Leaf	0.02%	0.01%	0.01%	0	0	0	0
种子 Seed	0.02%	0.01%	0.01%	0	0	0	0

Fig. 5 Classification and relative abundance of functional endophytic bacteria in five tissues of Hippophae tibetana. (A) Nitrogen fixation; (B) Growth-promoting; (C) Inhibiting plant pathogens.

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