Genetic diversity of 23 Chinese indigenous horse breeds revealed by microsatellite markers

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08346

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to investigate the genetic differentiation, we studied the genetic structure and genetic variation of 23 Chinese indigenous horse breeds and one thoroughbred horse population using 25 microsatellite markers. The number of alleles, polymorphism information content (PIC) and heterozygosity showed that genetic diversity in Chinese horses was higher than the thoroughbred horse. Neighbour-joining (NJ) dendrogram clustered Chinese horse populations and the thoroughbred horse into different groups. Furthermore, Chinese horse populations were grouped into several different phylogenetic clusters which corresponded to the geographic regions. Cluster analysis was performed by the Multivariate Statistical Package (MVSP), demonstrating that thoroughbred horse was discriminated from all the studied populations based on the three-dimensional scatter plot for the first three factors. Two-dimensional scatter plot for the first two principal factors divided Chinese horse populations into five groups: southern China, Tibet, Xinjiang and Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, and Northeast China. Genetic structure revealed by the software package Structure 2.2 displayed five potential elementary genetic groups in Chinese modern horses.

Key words: horse, genetic variation, genetic differentiation, population structure

Yinghui Ling, Yuejiao Cheng, Yanping Wang, Weijun Guan, Jianlin Han, Baoling Fu, Qianjun Zhao, Xiaohong He, Yabin Pu, Yuehui Ma. Genetic diversity of 23 Chinese indigenous horse breeds revealed by microsatellite markers[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2009, 17(3): 240-247.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08346

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2009/V17/I3/240

Figures/Tables 7

References 30

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代码 Code	品种名称 Breed name	样本数 Sample size	来源地 Locality
MG	蒙古马 Mongolia horse	50	内蒙古呼伦贝尔市 Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia
XNH	锡泥河马 Xinihe horse	50	内蒙古呼伦贝尔市 Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia
SH	三河马 Sanhe horse	31	内蒙古呼伦贝尔市 Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia
HH	黑河马 Heihe horse	42	黑龙江孙吴县 Sunwu County, Heilongjiang
ELC	鄂伦春马 Elunchun horse	30	黑龙江黑河市 Heihe City, Heilongjiang
JL	吉林马 Jilin horse	52	吉林白城市 Baicheng City, Jilin
KZK	哈萨克马 Hazakh horse	50	新疆新源县 Xinyuan County, Xinjiang
YQ	焉耆马 Yanqi horse	55	新疆焉耆县 Yanqi County, Xinjiang
YL	伊犁马 Yili horse	60	新疆伊犁县 Yili County, Xinjiang
DT	大通马 Datong horse	56	青海祁连县 Qilian County, Qinghai
CDM	柴达木马 Cadamu horse	33	青海都兰县 Dulan County, Qinghai
HQ	河曲马 Hequ horse	24	青海河南县 Henan County, Qinghai
YSH	玉树马 Yushu horse	50	青海玉树市 Yushu City, Qinghai
TGL	西藏草地马 Tibet grassland horse	61	西藏浪卡子县 Langkazi County, Tibet
TRV	西藏河谷马 Tibet valley horse	52	西藏江孜县 Jiangzi County, Tibet
JC	建昌马 Jianchang horse	52	四川布拖县 Butuo County, Sichuan
LCH	利川马 Lichuan horse	38	湖北利川市 Lichuan City, Hubei
DL	大理马 Yunnan horse	30	云南剑川县 Jianchuan County, Yunnan
WS	文山马 Wenshan horse	36	云南文山县 Wenshan County, Yunnan
GZ	贵州马 Guizhou horse	38	贵州安顺市 Anshun City, Guizhou
BS	百色马 Baise horse	60	广西百色县 Baise County, Guangxi
DBP	德保矮马 Debao pony	66	广西德保县 Debao County, Guangxi
JJ	晋江马 Jinjiang horse	60	福建晋江县 Jinjiang County, Fujian
THB	英纯血马 Thoroughbred horse	30	英国 UK

代码 Code	品种名称 Breed name	样本数 Sample size	来源地 Locality
MG	蒙古马 Mongolia horse	50	内蒙古呼伦贝尔市 Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia
XNH	锡泥河马 Xinihe horse	50	内蒙古呼伦贝尔市 Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia
SH	三河马 Sanhe horse	31	内蒙古呼伦贝尔市 Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia
HH	黑河马 Heihe horse	42	黑龙江孙吴县 Sunwu County, Heilongjiang
ELC	鄂伦春马 Elunchun horse	30	黑龙江黑河市 Heihe City, Heilongjiang
JL	吉林马 Jilin horse	52	吉林白城市 Baicheng City, Jilin
KZK	哈萨克马 Hazakh horse	50	新疆新源县 Xinyuan County, Xinjiang
YQ	焉耆马 Yanqi horse	55	新疆焉耆县 Yanqi County, Xinjiang
YL	伊犁马 Yili horse	60	新疆伊犁县 Yili County, Xinjiang
DT	大通马 Datong horse	56	青海祁连县 Qilian County, Qinghai
CDM	柴达木马 Cadamu horse	33	青海都兰县 Dulan County, Qinghai
HQ	河曲马 Hequ horse	24	青海河南县 Henan County, Qinghai
YSH	玉树马 Yushu horse	50	青海玉树市 Yushu City, Qinghai
TGL	西藏草地马 Tibet grassland horse	61	西藏浪卡子县 Langkazi County, Tibet
TRV	西藏河谷马 Tibet valley horse	52	西藏江孜县 Jiangzi County, Tibet
JC	建昌马 Jianchang horse	52	四川布拖县 Butuo County, Sichuan
LCH	利川马 Lichuan horse	38	湖北利川市 Lichuan City, Hubei
DL	大理马 Yunnan horse	30	云南剑川县 Jianchuan County, Yunnan
WS	文山马 Wenshan horse	36	云南文山县 Wenshan County, Yunnan
GZ	贵州马 Guizhou horse	38	贵州安顺市 Anshun City, Guizhou
BS	百色马 Baise horse	60	广西百色县 Baise County, Guangxi
DBP	德保矮马 Debao pony	66	广西德保县 Debao County, Guangxi
JJ	晋江马 Jinjiang horse	60	福建晋江县 Jinjiang County, Fujian
THB	英纯血马 Thoroughbred horse	30	英国 UK

代码 Code	等位基因差异 Allelic diversity			群体遗传多样性 Genetic diversity
代码 Code	MNA	NEA	Pa		Ho	He	AR	PIC
蒙古马 MG	7.48	4.16	4	0.742		0.727	6.736	0.693
锡泥河马 XNH	7.88	4.25	0	0.723		0.746	7.081	0.712
三河马 SH	7.92	4.43	0	0.745		0.751	7.549	0.718
黑河马 HH	7.96	4.38	2	0.752		0.747	7.248	0.715
鄂伦春马 ELC	6.72	3.69	1	0.683		0.698	6.453	0.659
吉林马 JL	7.80	4.41	1	0.743		0.745	6.969	0.713
哈萨克马 KZK	8.36	4.81	2	0.766		0.760	7.558	0.730
焉耆马 YQ	8.36	4.54	3	0.745		0.757	7.451	0.725
伊犁马 YL	8.40	4.61	2	0.757		0.763	7.464	0.732
大通马 DT	8.32	4.48	3	0.727		0.751	7.484	0.721
柴达木马 CDM	7.36	4.56	0	0.730		0.751	7.097	0.720
河曲马 HQ	6.76	4.40	0	0.755		0.730	6.760	0.695
玉树马 YSH	8.36	4.50	1	0.723		0.752	7.535	0.722
西藏草地马 TGL	8.24	4.23	3	0.739		0.745	7.295	0.713
西藏河谷马 TRV	7.88	4.49	2	0.742		0.756	7.253	0.725
建昌马 JC	7.60	4.57	1	0.729		0.761	7.025	0.731
利川马 LCH	7.72	4.62	3	0.749		0.752	7.130	0.723
大理马 DL	8.43	4.82	13	0.723		0.761	8.069	0.736
文山马 WS	7.84	4.42	2	0.747		0.765	7.301	0.724
贵州马 GZ	7.60	4.46	0	0.755		0.745	7.057	0.713
百色马 BS	8.24	4.56	2	0.734		0.749	7.364	0.721
德保矮马 DBP	8.80	4.66	6	0.737		0.755	7.602	0.728
晋江马 JJ	7.92	4.04	2	0.732		0.731	6.800	0.697
英纯血马 THB	4.68	3.07	0	0.667		0.632	4.551	0.577

代码 Code	等位基因差异 Allelic diversity			群体遗传多样性 Genetic diversity
代码 Code	MNA	NEA	Pa		Ho	He	AR	PIC
蒙古马 MG	7.48	4.16	4	0.742		0.727	6.736	0.693
锡泥河马 XNH	7.88	4.25	0	0.723		0.746	7.081	0.712
三河马 SH	7.92	4.43	0	0.745		0.751	7.549	0.718
黑河马 HH	7.96	4.38	2	0.752		0.747	7.248	0.715
鄂伦春马 ELC	6.72	3.69	1	0.683		0.698	6.453	0.659
吉林马 JL	7.80	4.41	1	0.743		0.745	6.969	0.713
哈萨克马 KZK	8.36	4.81	2	0.766		0.760	7.558	0.730
焉耆马 YQ	8.36	4.54	3	0.745		0.757	7.451	0.725
伊犁马 YL	8.40	4.61	2	0.757		0.763	7.464	0.732
大通马 DT	8.32	4.48	3	0.727		0.751	7.484	0.721
柴达木马 CDM	7.36	4.56	0	0.730		0.751	7.097	0.720
河曲马 HQ	6.76	4.40	0	0.755		0.730	6.760	0.695
玉树马 YSH	8.36	4.50	1	0.723		0.752	7.535	0.722
西藏草地马 TGL	8.24	4.23	3	0.739		0.745	7.295	0.713
西藏河谷马 TRV	7.88	4.49	2	0.742		0.756	7.253	0.725
建昌马 JC	7.60	4.57	1	0.729		0.761	7.025	0.731
利川马 LCH	7.72	4.62	3	0.749		0.752	7.130	0.723
大理马 DL	8.43	4.82	13	0.723		0.761	8.069	0.736
文山马 WS	7.84	4.42	2	0.747		0.765	7.301	0.724
贵州马 GZ	7.60	4.46	0	0.755		0.745	7.057	0.713
百色马 BS	8.24	4.56	2	0.734		0.749	7.364	0.721
德保矮马 DBP	8.80	4.66	6	0.737		0.755	7.602	0.728
晋江马 JJ	7.92	4.04	2	0.732		0.731	6.800	0.697
英纯血马 THB	4.68	3.07	0	0.667		0.632	4.551	0.577

基因座位 Locus	所有中国群体 All Chinese horse populations			群体 Population	所有位点Fis
基因座位 Locus	Fit	Fst	Fis	群体 Population	All lociFis
HMS06	0.035^**	0.031^***	0.004	MG	-0.011
HMS07	0.040^**	0.014^***	0.026^*	XNH	0.041^**
HTG07	0.028	0.026^***	0.002	SH	0.005
HMS03	0.080^***	0.028^***	0.054^***	HH	0.039^*
COR082	0.063^***	0.031^***	0.033^***	ELC	0.012
HTG04	0.035^*	0.024^***	0.012	JL	-0.091
LEX54	-0.016	0.024^***	-0.041	KZK	0.003
ASB17	0.066^***	0.021^***	0.047^***	YQ	0.026^*
SGCV28	0.031^*	0.040^***	-0.010	YL	0.016
HMS02	0.037^**	0.019^***	0.019	DT	0.041^**
COR022	0.014	0.015^***	-0.002	CDM	0.043^**
HMS45	-0.014	0.036^***	-0.052	HQ	-0.013
LEX34	0.018	0.027^***	-0.010	YSH	0.049^***
COR071	0.064^***	0.019^***	0.045^***	TGL	0.016
LEX73	0.064^***	0.033^***	0.033	TRV	0.029
HTG10	0.109^***	0.019^***	0.091^***	JC	0.051^***
COR007	0.021	0.026^***	-0.006	LCH	0.017
LEX63	0.123^***	0.026^***	0.099^***	DL	0.067^***
ASB23	0.045^**	0.031^***	0.014	WS	0.024
COR018	0.044^**	0.024^***	0.021	GZ	0.001
VHL20	0.046^***	0.023^***	0.024^*	BS	0.029
AHT04	0.025^*	0.015^***	0.010	DBP	0.031^**
UCDEQ4	0.044^**	0.039^***	0.005	JJ	0.007
HTG06	-0.033	0.018^***	-0.052
ASB02	0.080^***	0.020^***	0.061^***
总计 Total	0.045^***	0.024^***	0.021^***