Community structure of macrobenthos and ecological health evaluation in the restoration area of the Yellow River Delta wetland

doi:10.17520/biods.2023303

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: The internationally important wetland biodiversity conservation project of the Yellow River Delta started in 2019. This study used macrobenthos community characteristics and their relationship with environmental factors to understand the health status of this ecosystem and assess the succession stage and repair effect after three years of restoration.
Methods: This study investigated the macrobenthos and environmental factors in the restoration area in May (spring), August (summer) and October (autumn) in 2022, respectively. The community structure, biodiversity, and their relationships with major environmental factors were analyzed by classical taxonomy, biodiversity index, cluster analysis, multi-dimensional scaling analysis, and Spearman correlation analysis.
Results: A total of 16 macrobenthic species belonging to 5 phyla, 6 classes and 15 families were collected in spring, summer and autumn. Insecta species were found dominant in species composition. The number of macrobenthic species in the Yellow River Delta wetland restoration area showed an increasing trend during the survey period, with Chironomidae sp., Radix swinhoei, and Hippeutis cantori becoming the dominant species in the area, as well as key characteristic and differential species in the community structure. The species density was significantly correlated with indicators such as specific conductance, salinity, total carbon, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrite nitrogen (P < 0.01). The rapid biological comprehensive evaluation index evaluated the restoration area as the “sub-health” state.
Conclusion: The restoration area is developing towards a healthier and more orderly direction but is currently in a “sub-health” state, indicating a need for continued restoration work. Ecological succession is a slow process which requires long-term ecological monitoring in our research area, including an analysis of the reconstruction process of the disturbed macrobenthic community structure in the Yellow River Delta ecological restoration area, and an exploration of the regular changes in ecological succession.

Key words: the Yellow River Delta, ecological restoration, macrobenthos, rapid biological evaluation, community structure

Yanmei Ni, Li Chen, Zhiyuan Dong, Debin Sun, Baoquan Li, Xumin Wang, Linlin Chen. Community structure of macrobenthos and ecological health evaluation in the restoration area of the Yellow River Delta wetland[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(3): 23303.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2023303

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2024/V32/I3/23303

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1 Distribution of sampling sites in the Yellow River Delta wetland restoration area

Table 1 The dominant species composition of macrobenthic communities in the Yellow River Delta wetland restoration area

物种 Species	优势度 Dominance (Y)
物种 Species	2022.5	2022.8	2022.10
节肢动物门 Arthropoda
摇蚊幼虫一种 Chironomidae sp.	0.475*	0.738*	0.757*
蠓科一种 Ceratopogonidae sp.	0.072*	0.002	0.010
龙虱科一种 Dytiscidae sp.	0.005		0.026*
软体动物门 Mollusca
椭圆萝卜螺 Radix swinhoei	0.220*	0.043*	0.084*
尖口圆扁螺 Hippeutis cantori	0.011	0.178*	0.071*
线虫动物门 Nematoda
线虫动物一种 Nematoda sp.	0.111*		0.009

Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of dominant macrobenthic species in the Yellow River Delta wetland restoration area

Fig. 3 The density and biomass distribution of macrobenthos in the Yellow River Delta wetland restoration area

Fig. 4 Seasonal (a) and spatial (b) change of biodiversity index of macrobenthic communities in the restoration area of the Yellow River Delta in 2022

Fig. 5 Cluster analysis (a) and multi-dimensional scaling (b) of macrobenthic communities in the Yellow River Delta restoration area. 5-S1, S1 station in spring; 5-S2, S2 station in spring; 5-S3, S3 station in spring; 5-S4, S4 station in spring; 8-S1, S1 station in summer; 8-S2, S2 station in summer; 8-S3, S3 station in summer; 8-S4, S4 station in summer; 10-S1, S1 station in autumn; 10-S2, S2 station in autumn; 10-S3, S3 station in autumn; 10-S4, S4 station in autumn.

Table 2 Similarity analysis of macrobenthic communities in the study area

物种 Species	平均相似度 Average similarity (%)	贡献率 Contribution rate (%)	累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate (%)
II组 Group II (组内相似性69.9% Within-group similarity 69.9%)
摇蚊幼虫一种 Chironomidae sp.	31.90	45.64	45.64
椭圆萝卜螺 Radix swinhoei	18.78	26.87	72.51
蠓科一种 Ceratopogonidae sp.	11.95	17.10	89.61
线虫动物一种 Nematoda sp.	5.09	7.28	96.89
IV组 Group IV (组内相似性68.81% Within-group similarity 68.81%)
摇蚊幼虫一种 Chironomidae sp.	36.91	53.65	53.65
椭圆萝卜螺 Radix swinhoei	11.73	17.05	70.69
尖口圆扁螺 Hippeutis cantori	10.76	15.63	86.32
龙虱科一种 Dytiscidae sp.	3.64	5.29	91.62
II组和IV组 Group II and Group IV (组间差异性47.22% 47.22% difference between groups)
摇蚊幼虫一种 Chironomidae sp.	13.03	27.59	27.59
尖口圆扁螺 Hippeutis cantori	8.24	17.46	45.05
线虫动物一种 Nematoda sp.	6.00	12.69	57.74
龙虱科一种 Dytiscidae sp.	3.88	8.21	65.95
蠓科一种 Ceratopogonidae sp.	3.82	8.09	74.04
椭圆萝卜螺 Radix swinhoei	2.63	5.56	79.60

Fig. 6 Correlation between major macrobenthic groups and environmental factors in the Yellow River Delta restoration area. T, Temperature; DO, Dissolved oxygen; SPC, Specific conductance; SAL, Salinity; NO2--N, Nitrite nitrogen; NH4+-N, Ammonium nitrogen; NO3--N, Nitrate; PO43--P, Phosphate; SiO32--Si, Silicate; TN, Total nitrogen; TOC, Total organic carbon; TC, Total carbon. **P < 0.01.

Fig. 7 Single-factor index health scores for macrobenthic taxa

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