Elevational patterns of life history and ecological trait diversity of aquatic insects in the middle of the Lancang River: The effects of climate and land use variables

doi:10.17520/biods.2021332

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Species respond to environmental changes through functional traits. Exploring the elevational pattern of community functional trait diversity is an important aspect in understanding the spatial distribution and formation mechanisms of biodiversity. Climate change and land use are important factors that affect stream ecosystems, their biodiversity, and community assembly. However, there is still a lack of systematic studies on the elevational distribution of functional trait diversity of aquatic insect assemblage under the effects of climate and land use variables.

Methods: We collected aquatic insect community data from 56 stream sites along elevational gradients ranging between 1,000-3,000 m in 2016 and 2018 in the middle of the Lancang River Basin, Yunnan Province, China. We then utilized a linear or quadratic regression model to explore and compare the elevational patterns of life history (voltinism, development, and adult life span) and ecological traits (trophic habit, habit, and thermal preference) diversity indices. Then, we used random forest model to analyze the effects of climatic and land use variables on the diversity of life history and ecological traits of aquatic insect assemblages.

Results: Of all life history traits, diversity of semivoltine, nonseasonal, slow seasonal, and long adult life span demonstrated significantly U-shaped elevational patterns. While diversity of fast seasonal, and very short adult life span exhibited significantly hump-shaped elevational patterns, and short adult life span diversity demonstrated a significantly increasing elevational pattern. Of all ecological traits, thermal preference diversity displayed no significant pattern along the elevation gradient. Diversity of clinger and sprawler exhibited a significantly increasing pattern and a U-shaped elevational pattern, while diversity of collector-filter, herbivore, and predator exhibited significantly increasing, decreasing, and U-shaped elevational patterns, respectively. Random forest models revealed that variation of life history trait diversity explained by climate and land use variables were higher than that in ecological trait diversity, with annual mean temperature and percentage of agriculture area as common key factors.

Conclusion: In summary, the elevational patterns of functional trait diversity in aquatic insect assemblage differed between life history and ecological trait diversity, in which differences are driven by different natural and human disturbance gradients. These results can provide theoretical supports for aquatic biodiversity maintenance and conservation in the Lancang River Basin.

Key words: biodiversity, functional trait, spatial pattern, stream, biogeography

Fei Fu, Huiyu Wei, Yuteng Chang, Beixin Wang, Kai Chen. Elevational patterns of life history and ecological trait diversity of aquatic insects in the middle of the Lancang River: The effects of climate and land use variables[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(5): 21332.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2021332

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2022/V30/I5/21332

Figures/Tables 6

References 77

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环境变量 Environmental variables	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	最小值 Min	最大值 Max
海拔 Elevation (m)	2,030	480	1,274	2,899
森林面积百分比 % forest area	75.5	16.0	21.6	98.4
农业面积百分比 % agriculture area	1.3	4.7	0.0	32.0
不透水面积百分比 % impervious area	0.08	0.4	0.0	3.0
年平均气温 Annual mean temperature (℃) (BIO 1)	10.3	3.0	2.4	16.4
季节性气温变异(标准差 × 100) Temperature seasonality (standard deviation × 100) (BIO 4)	494.5	42.9	430.1	594.7
气温年较差 Temperature annual range (℃) (BIO 7)	23.5	0.9	21.7	26.3
年平均降水量 Annual precipitation (mm) (BIO 12)	920.6	101.4	649.4	1,232.5
季节性降水变异(变异系数) Precipitation seasonality (Coefficient of variation) (BIO 15)	62.0	2.2	58.0	70.9

环境变量 Environmental variables	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	最小值 Min	最大值 Max
海拔 Elevation (m)	2,030	480	1,274	2,899
森林面积百分比 % forest area	75.5	16.0	21.6	98.4
农业面积百分比 % agriculture area	1.3	4.7	0.0	32.0
不透水面积百分比 % impervious area	0.08	0.4	0.0	3.0
年平均气温 Annual mean temperature (℃) (BIO 1)	10.3	3.0	2.4	16.4
季节性气温变异(标准差 × 100) Temperature seasonality (standard deviation × 100) (BIO 4)	494.5	42.9	430.1	594.7
气温年较差 Temperature annual range (℃) (BIO 7)	23.5	0.9	21.7	26.3
年平均降水量 Annual precipitation (mm) (BIO 12)	920.6	101.4	649.4	1,232.5
季节性降水变异(变异系数) Precipitation seasonality (Coefficient of variation) (BIO 15)	62.0	2.2	58.0	70.9

性状 Trait	性状类别 Trait modality
生活史性状 Life history
化性 Voltinism	少于1世代 Semivoltine
	1世代 Univoltine
	多于1世代 Bi- & multi-voltine
生活史快慢 Development	快季节性 Fast seasonal
	慢季节性 Slow seasonal
	无季节性 Nonseasonal
成虫寿命 Adult life span	极短 Very short
	短 Short
	长 Long
生态学性状 Ecological traits
营养习性 Trophic habit	集食者 Collector-gatherer
	滤食者 Collector-filterer
	植食者 Herbivore
	捕食者 Predator
	撕食者 Shredder
生活习性 Habit	掘穴者 Burrower
	攀附者 Climber
	爬行者 Sprawler
	附着者 Clinger
	游泳者 Swimmer
温度偏好 Thermal preference	喜凉 Cold-cool
	广温 Cool-warm
	喜温 Warm

性状 Trait	性状类别 Trait modality
生活史性状 Life history
化性 Voltinism	少于1世代 Semivoltine
	1世代 Univoltine
	多于1世代 Bi- & multi-voltine
生活史快慢 Development	快季节性 Fast seasonal
	慢季节性 Slow seasonal
	无季节性 Nonseasonal
成虫寿命 Adult life span	极短 Very short
	短 Short
	长 Long
生态学性状 Ecological traits
营养习性 Trophic habit	集食者 Collector-gatherer
	滤食者 Collector-filterer
	植食者 Herbivore
	捕食者 Predator
	撕食者 Shredder
生活习性 Habit	掘穴者 Burrower
	攀附者 Climber
	爬行者 Sprawler
	附着者 Clinger
	游泳者 Swimmer
温度偏好 Thermal preference	喜凉 Cold-cool
	广温 Cool-warm
	喜温 Warm

性状 Trait	性状类别 Trait modality	解释量 RF % variation	解释变量 Explanatory variables
生活史性状
生活史快慢 Development	快季节性 Fast seasonal	25.7	森林面积百分比 + 年平均气温+ 年平均降水量 % forest area + BIO 1 + BIO 12
	无季节性 Nonseasonal	19.3	森林面积百分比 % forest area
	慢季节性 Slow seasonal	28.8	年平均气温 + 年平均降水量 + 农业面积百分比 BIO 1 + BIO 12 + % agriculture area
成虫寿命 Adult life span	长 Long	20.6	森林面积百分比 % forest area
	短 Short	31.0	农业面积百分比 + 年平均气温 + 年平均降水量 + 季节性降水变异(变异系数) % agriculture area + BIO 1 + BIO 12 + BIO 15
	极短 Very short	25.8	森林面积百分比 + 年平均气温 + 年平均降水量 % forest area + BIO 1 + BIO12
化性 Voltinism	多于1世代 Bi- & multi-voltine	16.8	不透水面积百分比 + 年平均气温 + 农业面积百分比 + 季节性降水变异(变异系数) % impervious area + BIO 1 + % agriculture area + BIO 15
	少于1世代 Semivoltine	10.4	森林面积百分比 + 季节性降水变异(变异系数) + 农业面积百分比 % forest area + BIO 15 + % agriculture area
	1世代 Univoltine	16.9	年平均气温 + 不透水面积百分比 + 农业面积百分比 + 年平均降水量 BIO 1 + % impervious area + % agriculture area + BIO 12
生态学性状
生活习性 Habit	掘穴者 Burrower	3.9	不透水面积百分比 + 年平均降水量 % impervious area + BIO 12
生活习性 Habit	攀附者 Climber	0	NA
	附着者 Clinger	1.0	年平均气温 BIO 1
	爬行者 Sprawler	11.5	农业面积百分比 + 年平均气温 + 气温年较差 % agriculture area + BIO 1 + BIO 7
	游泳者 Swimmer	0	NA
温度偏好 Thermal preference	喜凉 Cold-cool	6.3	年平均气温 + 不透水面积百分比 + 农业面积百分比 + 季节性降水变异(变异系数) BIO 1 + % impervious area + % agriculture area + BIO 15
温度偏好 Thermal preference	广温 Cool-warm	5.0	年平均气温 + 季节性降水变异(变异系数) + 年平均降水量 + 森林面积百分比 BIO 1 + BIO 15 + BIO 12 + % forest area
	喜温 Warm	0.9	不透水面积百分比 % impervious area
营养习性 Trophic habit	滤食者 Collector-filterer	15.6	农业面积百分比 + 年平均降水量 + 季节性降水变异(变异系数) % agriculture area + BIO 12 + BIO 15
营养习性 Trophic habit	集食者 Collector-gatherer	7.5	农业面积百分比 + 不透水面积百分比 % agriculture area + % impervious area
	植食者 Herbivore	10.2	年平均气温 + 季节性气温变异(标准差 × 100) + 年平均降水量 + 农业面积百分比 BIO 1 + BIO 4 + BIO 12 + % agriculture area
	捕食者 Predator	18.5	季节性降水变异(变异系数) + 农业面积百分比 BIO 15 + % agriculture area
	撕食者 Shredder	17.8	农业面积百分比 + 季节性降水变异(变异系数) + 年平均气温 % agriculture area + BIO 15 + BIO 1