Beta diversity of stream bacteria in Hengduan Mountains: The effects of climatic and environmental variables

doi:10.17520/biods.2019390

Abstract

Abstract:

Understanding community composition variation (beta-diversity) along environmental and spatial gradients is a central interest in ecology and conservation biology. Although bacterial elevational patterns are somewhat established, their underlying processes were understudied. To better understand the patterns behind beta diversity, we investigated aquatic bacterial community composition in individual streams in Nujiang and Lancang rivers located in the Hengduan Mountains of the Tibetan Plateau. Using Baselga’s approach of beta diversity partitioning based on the Sørensen dissimilarity index, we explored the elevational patterns of turnover and nestedness through linear models and measured the relative importance of environmental, climatic, and spatial factors on bacterial beta diversity with multiple regression on distance matrices and variation partitioning analyses. Our results showed bacterial community composition differed between the Lancang and Nujiang rivers. Total beta diversity and turnover component increased with increasing elevational distance, and total beta diversity was driven by turnover component. Climatic and environmental factors were important predictors of total beta diversity and turnover component in the two catchments, and all the significant correlations were positive. The highest correlation factors were elevation distance (R ² = 0.408, P < 0.001) and mean annual temperature (R ² = 0.417, P < 0.001). The variation partitioning results suggest nestedness component was heavily affected by dispersal limitation while total beta diversity and turnover were mainly affected by environmental filtering. Moreover, harsher climate conditions will increase total beta diversity and turnover, and form stronger environmental filtering processes that impact the bacterial species composition. Our research shows that the conservation of bacterial diversity in the stream of Hengduan Mountains in Tibet needs to target the whole multiple sites, rather than a few richest sites of biodiversity.

Key words: beta diversity, turnover, nestedness, elevation gradient, climate, environmental filtering

Mingjia Li, Kaiyuan Wu, Fanfan Meng, Ji Shen, Yongqin Liu, Nengwen Xiao, Jianjun Wang. Beta diversity of stream bacteria in Hengduan Mountains: The effects of climatic and environmental variables[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2020, 28(12): 1570-1580.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2019390

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2020/V28/I12/1570

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1 The sample sites of this study along the 89 streams of Lancang River and the Nujiang River. (a) The study area is located in the biodiversity hotspot of south-eastern Tibetan Plateau. In total, 37 streams flow into the Lancang River, while 52 sampled streams flow into the Nujiang River. NMDS plots illustrate the differences in bacterial total beta diversity (b), turnover (c) and nestedness components (d) across the Lancang and Nujiang catchments. The red dots and black dots indicate the sample sites in Langcang and Nujiang catchment, respectively. * P ≤ 0.05; ** P ≤ 0.01; *** P ≤ 0.001.

Fig. 2 Plots showing the relationship between (a) bacterial total beta diversity, (b) turnover and (c) nestedness components and elevational distance in Lancang and Nujiang catchments. * P ≤ 0.05; ** P ≤ 0.01; *** P ≤ 0.001.

Fig. 3 The environmental and climate factors related to the variance in bacterial beta diversity and its components in Lancang River and Nujiang River catchments, identified with multiple regression on distance matrices (MRM). Filled shapes and empty shapes indicate significant relationship (P < 0.05) and non-significant relationship (P > 0.05), respectively. Comp.1 and Comp.2 indicate principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to reduce the dimensions of measured metal and metalloid concentrations, and the first two axes were used as proxies for these elements. Depth, Stream depth; EC_ us, Electrical conductivity; TN, Total nitrogen; Airtemp, Mean annual temperature; Precipsum, Annual precipitation; PrecSeascov, Precipitation seasonality conditions; TempRange, Annual temperature range.

Table 1 The variation of bacterial total beta diversity, turnover or nestedness components in Lancang and Nujiang catchments are explained by the environmental and climate factors and the partial regression coefficients (R2) of the final model is reported.

	澜沧江流域 Lancang catchment			怒江流域 Nujiang catchment
	总beta多样性 Total beta diversity	周转组分 Turnover	嵌套组分 Nestedness	总beta多样性 Total beta diversity	周转组分 Turnover	嵌套组分 Nestedness
环境因子 Local factors
海拔 Elevation	0.43***	0.41***		0.43***	0.45***
PCA1轴 Comp.1				0.21*	0.25*
PCA2轴 Comp.2				0.22*	0.26*
酸碱度 pH				0.17*	0.15*
水深 Stream depth	0.23**	0.23***
水温 Water temperature
电导率 Electrical conductivity	0.17*	0.18*		0.24**	0.29***
总氮 Total nitrogen				0.24**	0.28***
生物膜 Biofilm	0.20*	0.17*		0.28**	0.22**
气候因子 Climate factors
年平均气温 Mean annual temperature	0.42***	0.42***		0.38***	0.41***
年降水量 Annual precipitation	0.39***	0.37***			0.19*	-0.14*
降水季节 Precipitation seasonality conditions				0.34***	0.39***	-0.11*
年温度范围 Annual temperature range	0.33*	0.34**		0.23**	0.3**	-0.15**

Fig. 4 The relative importance of environmental (L), climate (C) and spatial (S) factors in explaining the variance in bacterial beta diversity and its components in Nujiang River and Lancang River catchments. The top-left panel is the general outline. The pure variation explained by each factor is represented by the edges of the triangle. The sides and middle of the triangles indicate the percentages of variation explained by interactions of two or all factors, respectively. (a) Total beta diversity, (b) Turnover component and (c) Nestedness component in Lancang catchment. (d) Total beta diversity, (e) Turnover component and (f) Nestedness component in Nujiang catchment.

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