Spatio-temporal changes in biodiversity of epiphyllous liverworts in Qingyuan Area of Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park, Zhejiang Province

doi:10.17520/biods.2024010

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Epiphyllous liverworts are a unique group with the highest endemism rate amongst bryophytes. Their special physiological and ecological characteristics make them extremely sensitive to climate change and anthropogenic disturbances, rendering them one of the most important groups of bryophytes in need of monitoring and protection. To understand temporal variation in the composition and diversity of epiphyllous liverworts species from 1990 to 2020, the present study conducted systematic sampling and comparative analysis of epiphyllous liverworts in the Qingyuan Area of Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park, Zhejiang Province.

Methods: Utilizing the Qingyuan Area of Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park as the study area, systematic investigation of the diversity of epiphyllous liverworts was carried out at three conservation sites (Baishanzu, Shijiuyuan, Wulingkeng) and compared to historical records of epiphyllous liverworts species. Changes in species richness, taxonomic β-diversity, and functional β-diversity of epiphyllous liverworts were then analyzed in both temporal and spatial dimensions.

Results: Thirty-one species of epiphyllous liverworts, belonging to ten genera in four families, were reported in the Qingyuan Area in 2020. Compared with historical data, 7 species of epiphyllous liverworts were newly identified while 14 species were not collected. Among the three sites investigated, the number of epiphyllous liverwort species in Wulingkeng increased over the past 30 years, but the number of species in Baishanzu and Shijiuyuan areas decreased. The total functional richness of epiphyllous liverwort species showed a decreasing trend over time at all conservation sites, but the taxonomic and functional β-diversity of species in Baishanzu were the highest among the three sites. Taxonomic β-diversity analysis showed that “turnover” component was most important, while the “nestedness” component was most important for functional β-diversity. Compared to 30 years ago, the taxonomic and functional β-diversity of the epiphyllous liverworts were on the rise, suggesting a positive trend in species heterogeneity at all three conservation sites.

Conclusion: Given the obvious changes in species composition of epiphyllous liverworts over time, as well as the exacerbation of differences in species composition between different regions over time, it is suggested to conduct similar studies in other centers of occurrence of epiphyllous liverworts in China in order to update species data in a timely manner. It is also suggested to strengthen the connectivity and protection of epiphyllous liverworts between different distribution areas combining with the construction opportunities of national parks.

Key words: climate change, species taxonomic β-diversity, species functional β-diversity, biotic heterogenization, biotic homogenization

Qi Wu, Xiaoqing Zhang, Yuting Yang, Yibo Zhou, Yi Ma, Daming Xu, Xingfeng Si, Jian Wang. Spatio-temporal changes in biodiversity of epiphyllous liverworts in Qingyuan Area of Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park, Zhejiang Province[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(4): 24010.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2024010

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2024/V32/I4/24010

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1 Map of sites (a), sampling lines (b) and habitats (c) of epiphyllous liverworts in Qingyuan Area of Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park, Zhejiang Province

Fig. 2 Changes in species number (a) and relative proportion (b) of epiphyllous liverworts in Baishanzu (BSZ), Shijiuyuan (SJY) and Wulingkeng (WLK) between 1990 and 2020

Fig. 3 Changes in total functional richness (a), stress resistance functional richness (b) and reproduction and dispersal functional richness (c) of epiphyllous liverworts in Baishanzu (BSZ), Shijiuyuan (SJY) and Wulingkeng (WLK) between 1990 and 2020

Fig. 4 Taxonomic β-diversity and functional β-diversity (a) and their decomposition (b) of epiphyllous liverworts in Baishanzu (BSZ), Shijiuyuan (SJY), and Wulingkeng (WLK) during 30 years (1990-2020)

Fig. 5 Changes of taxonomic (a) and functional (b) β-diversity of epiphyllous liverworts between Baishanzu, Shijiuyuan and Wulingkeng between 1990 and 2020 (mean ± SD)

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